2022年高中英语状语从句讲解.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载状语从句基础学问 用 作 状 语 的 句 子 就 叫 做 状 语 从 句 （ adverbial clause）；状语从句通常由一个连词或起着连词作用的词组 引导, 这些词或词组被称作为关联词或引导词；状语从句同状语一样,在句中的位置比较敏捷,可置于句首、句末或句中；例如：Do it as you were told. 依据你被告知的那样去 做！（引导词是 as,从句置于句末）Whatever he says, just dont believe him. 不管他 说 什 么 , 你 只 要 不 相 信 就 行 了 ；（ 引 导 词 是whatever,从句置于句首）Put in articles where they are necessary in the following passage. 在以下段落中需要处填入冠 词；（引导词是 where, 从句置于句中）状语从句依据其表达的意思和用途不同,可分为 时间状语从句、地点状语从句、缘由状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句等 类别；例如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Once youve finished, go to bed. 你干完了就去睡 觉；（时间）You can borrow it as long as you re not careless with it. 你可以借去用, 只要你不乱用就行了；（让 步）Now that you have come, you may as well stay. 既 然你已经来了,你最好仍是留下吧； （让步）Dont move. Stay where you are. 别动！就站在那 儿别动！（地点）They set out early so that they might arrive at the airport in time. 他们很早动身,以便准时赶到机 场；（目的）It is such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out. 这是一个很难的问题,谁也解不出；（结果）He opened his lips as if he were going to say something. 他动了动嘴唇,似乎要说什么似的；（方式）In case it rains, do not expect me. 如如下雨, 就不 要等我了；（条件）The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get. 学习越用功, 得到的学问就越多；（比较）时间状语从句拓宽学问名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载时间状语从句表时间,其关联词主要有：when, while, as, before, after, since, not until, as soon as, hardly/scarcely/barely when, no sooner than, the minute/moment/second, directly/immediately, each every, next, the first time 例如：Soon after her mother returned, the girl went to sleep.女孩在她母亲回来后不久就睡着了；I have lived in Shanghai since I was a child.我从小 就住在上海；when, while 和 as 在引导时间状语从句时都可表示“ 当 时候” ,但相互间有区分；when：主句和从句的动作可以是同时发生,也可以 是先后发生,动词假如是指可以连续发生的动作的话,通常用进行时态来表示；when 引导的时间状语可以表示一段时间内发生的动作,也可以表示某 一时间点所发生的动作；while：主句和从句的动作基本上是同时发生的,动 词假如是指可以连续发生的动作的话,通常用进行名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载时态来表示； while 引导的时间状语只表示一段时间内发生的动作；while 也可以指两个动词间的对比,表示反差相当于 but；as：主句和从句的动作可以是同时发生,也可以 是先后发生,但强调动作是紧接着发生,表示“ 随 着 、一边 一边、正值 ” ；例如：While I was having dinner, he was reading a very interesting story. 当我在用餐时, 他正在读一本有 趣的小说；（主、从句的动作连续在一段时间内同 时发生）I will go on a trip to Canada when I have enough money. 当我有足够的资金的时候,我会到加拿大 去旅行；（主、从句的动作先后发生）We were having a party when the lights went out suddenly. 当灯突然熄灭的时候,我们正在开派 对；（灯熄灭是突然的动作,when 在这里引导的 时间状语从句是表示某一时间点所发生的动作）While we were watching TV, the boy came in hurriedly. 当我们在看电视时,男孩匆忙跑了进 来；（主、从句的动作同时发生,可以用 when 来 代替）While my mum was busy preparing supper, my dad was reading a newspaper. 当我妈妈忙于预备名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载晚饭时,我爸爸倒在看报纸； （表示对比,可以用but 来代替）As the pupils walked along the street, they sang happily. 同学们一边沿着街道走,一边开心地唱 歌；（主、从句的动作同时发生,强调“ 一边 一边” ,不行替换 ）As spring comes, everything comes to life. 春回大 地 , 万 物 苏 醒 ；（ 表 示 紧 接 发 生 的 动 作 ,“随着 ” ）一些表示时间的副词和短语也可以引导时间状语从句；例如：Directly the mother was out of sight of her son, she wanted to see him. 这个母亲一看不到儿子就 想见他；（directly 相当于 as soon as）We ll leave the minute you re ready. 你预备好了 我们就走；（the minute 引导从句）The day he returned home, he found great changes had taken place in his hometown. 他回家 的那一天发觉家乡已发生了翻天覆地的变化； （the day 引导从句）The first time she saw the dress, she fell in love with it. 当她第一眼看到这条裙子,她马上就喜爱 上了；（the first time 引导时间状语从句 , 相当于名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载when she saw the dress for the first time, ）地点状语从句拓宽学问 地 点 状 语 从 句 表 地 点 , 其 关 联 词 有 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. 地点状语从句中有些部分常常可以省略；地点状语从句常常简洁和定语从句混淆；例如：Corn grows best where the ground is rich. 谷物在 土地肥沃的地方长得最好；You are able to go wherever you like. 你喜爱上哪 儿就可以上哪儿；Everywhere you go, never forget your motherland. 无论你到哪里,都不要遗忘自己的祖国；He would live with his grandmother anywhere she lived. 不管他的祖母住在哪儿, 她都情愿和她住在 一起；Such kind of structure should be avoided wherever it is possible. 像此种结构随处都得避 免；（it is 可以省略）Fill in the blanks with the proper form of verbs where necessary.在下面的空格里,如需要使用动 词的,用其恰当形式填写；（同样省略了 where 之名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载后的主谓结构）Please make a mark where you have a question to ask. 在你有问题需要问的地方做一个标记； （此句 句子为地点状语从句, 由 where 来引导； 但常常被误认为定语从句,其实假定 where 引导的是定语从句的话,该“ 定语从句” 在意义上无法修饰其“ 先行词”mark）College graduates should go where our country most needs them. 高校毕业生应到祖国最需要他们的地方去；（仍是由 where 来引导的地点状语从句,如作为定语从句来懂得的话,那么定语从句的先行词都没有, go 是动词；但由于常常被误认为定语从句,所以同学常会用“which” 来代替 where）in which 或 to 缘由状语从句表缘由或理由,其关联词有 because, as, since, in that, now that, etc. because, as, since 均表示“ 由于、由于” 的意思；because 语气最强,用以回答why, 可与强调词only, just以及否定词 not 连用；as 和 since的语气较弱,所表示的缘由比较明显,或是已知的事实,故不需要强调；它们引导的从句多置于句首,且不能用强调词修饰,也不行和否定名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载词 not 连用； as 指“ 由于” ；since 指“ 既然”例如：George was worried becausehe hadnthad any letter from Green. 乔治很焦急,由于他始终未收 到格林的信；You shouldn get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不该仅仅由于有些人说了你的 坏话就发怒；The man bought the expensive house easily only because his parents had given him a large sum of money. 就由于这个男的父母给了一大笔钱,所以 他能轻松买下这么贵的房子；It was becauseI wanted to see my uncle that I went to town yesterday.我昨天是由于要去看我的 叔叔而进城的；（because 引导的缘由状语从句的 强调句形式： It is was because . that , since 与 as 无此形式）As the bell had rung, all the students went to the classroom. 由于上课铃声响了,同学们都进了教 室；Since you re going, I will go too. 既然你要去,我 也去吧；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载结果状语从句表结果,其关联词有 so, so that , so that, such that, with the result that, etc. so that 常和形容词或副词连用 ,如有与有形容词的 短语连用,就引起倒装 ；such that 常和名次连用；结果状语从句常置于主句之后；目的状语从句表目的,其关联词有 that, lest, etc. 目的状语从句中常常有情态动词so that, in order may might, shall should, will would, can could来表示目的；so that 和 in order that 所引导的目的状语从句可 放于句首；lest 和 in case 引导目的状语从句时表示 “ 以免、以 防” 的意思,一般用虚拟语气；例如：They had oral practice every morning, so that they made rapid progress in their speaking. 他们每天早晨练习口语,快；结果他们口语才能提高很He worked so hard that he finished his task in three days. 他工作得很努力, 三天就完成了任务；She is such a demanding girl that its impossible for any other one to please her. 她是一个如此苛 刻的女孩以至于不行能有人会令她中意；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载I was in the bath, with the result that I didn hear the telephone. 我在洗澡,所以没听见电话铃声；He drew a plan of the village so that she could find his house easily. 他花了一张这个村子的草图,以 便于她能找到他的房子；In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again, it was necessary that the rocks should be removed. 为了这些花草能再开花,这些石头必需 搬走；Take your umbrella with you, lest/in case it should rain. 带上你的伞,以防下雨； （should rain 是虚 拟形式）条件状语从句拓宽学问条件状语从句表条件,其关联词有if; only if, unless, as/so long as; as/so far as, provided/providing that, suppose, supposing, assuming, on condition that, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载oncenote: some can + ing/ed: Once begun, in case 条件状语从句分为真实条件和非真实条件两种；非真实条件状语从句可查看本书“ 虚拟语气” 内 容,本节只争论真实条件情形；条件状语从句在句中位置敏捷, 可置前也可置后；从句动词常用现在时态或过去时态表示；例如：If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to attend the pop-song singer s concert. 假如明每天 好的话,那么我们就去参与那位流行歌手的音乐 会；Suppose he didn believe in us, what should we do then.假如他不信任我们的话,那我们该怎么办？（在此处, suppose 相当于 if 的用法；）SupposingTom can t come to repair our TV set, who will do the work.假如汤姆布来修我们的电视 机的话,那谁来干这活呢？（supposing的用法同上）Assuming that you are right, they are sure to get much profit from that. 假设你是正确的话,那他 们就会从那儿获得巨额利润；（assuming 后常常跟上含有 that 的从句,相当于if 从句）Providing that there is no opposition, we shall 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载bring the meeting to an end.假如没什么反对看法 的话,那今日的会就开到这里； providing 引导从 句时 that 可加可不加,等同于 if 引导的条件状语从句 You may borrow my lap-top, on condition thatyou won t lend it to anyone else.你可以借用我的 手提电脑,只要你不擅自借给他人就行了；（on condition 后常常跟带有 that 的从句 ）英语有一种条件状语从句与主句并无直接关系,被称为间接条件状语从句；例如：You are so careless to your work that I dont think you will accomplish anything in future, if I may say so. 如我可直言,你对待工作如此粗枝大叶以 至于我认为你今后将无法有所作为； （等同于I am telling you, if I may, that you so careless to your work that ）If 引导的条件状语从句有时会省略主谓结构；例如：If necessary, call me up at any time. 必要时你随 时打电话给我；（If it is necessary, ）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载让步状语从句表“ 虽然,尽管,即使” 等意思,其关联词有though; although; even if/though; however; no matter how/what/whowhether or notin spite of/despite +n phrase for all that, in spite of the fact that, wh-ever, 从句的位置即可置于主句之前也可以之后；例如: He works hard though he is very old.随他很牢,但 工作很卖力；Even if I had been invited, I wouldn t attend his birthday party.即使我是被邀请了,我也不会出席 他的生日派对；They are good people, for all that their ways of life are different from ours. 他们是好人,尽管他们的 生活方式与我们不同；He went out in spite of the fact that he had a bad cold. 尽管他患感冒很严峻,他仍然外出了；You can t come in, whoever you are.不管你是谁 ,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载都不行以进来； 相当于 No matter who you are, you can t come in. 注 意 no matter who 和whoever 都 可 以 用 来 引 导 让 步 状 语 从 句 , 但whoever仍可以用来引导名词性从句； However busy he is, he is willing to help anyone who needs his help. 无论他有多忙, 他总会帮忙那些需要他帮忙的人；让步状语从句的倒装；由 句置于句首时,通常会显现 例如：as 所引导的让步状语从 倒装的语法结构；Old as I am, I can still fight. 虽然我老了,但仍能 战役；（相当于 Although I am old, I can .）Boy as he is, he is very careful with his work.虽然 他是个男孩子,但他对工作却是一丝不苟的；（相 当于 Though he is a boy, he is .留意当名词置于 句首时,必需使用其最简洁结构； ）Try as you may, you will never succeed. 你尽管试 吧,但决不会胜利；方式状语从句拓宽学问方式状语从句表动作方式,其关联词有 just as, as if, as though, the way, how, etc. 多置于主句之名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载后；例如: You ought to finish the task as he does. 你应当像 他那样来完成此项任务；They talked as if they had been friends for a long time. 他们说话的样子就似乎是多年的好友一般；To be frank, I dont like the way he eats.说实话,我不太喜爱他吃饭的样子；the way 相当于 the way that, 也相当于 the way in which Do it how you can. 你可按自己之所能去做；how 等同于 in whatever manner as 之前通常可以用just 或 exactly来强调；方式状语从句有时可以省略部分成分；例如：I did just as you told me. 我正是依据您的嘱咐去 做的；He did as told. 他遵嘱而行； 相当于 He did as he had been told. He paused as if expecting her to speak.他停顿了一 下,就似乎等她说话似的；相当于 as if he was expecting her to speak. 比较状语从句表示比较, 其关联词有 notas/so 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载as, than, the + 比较级, the + 比较级 , etc. 例如：China is much larger than Japan. 中国比日本大 得多；The more you have read, the more you have learned. 你读得越多就学得越多；I can walk faster than you can run. 我走得比你跑 得仍快呢；He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. 他醒来得和他入睡得一样快；此外,以下结构仍可表示对比或对比,其关联词有 except, but, etc. 例如: The concert was wonderful except that the last part was too loud. 这个音乐会整体不错,就是最 后一部分太响了；It never rains but it pours. 从来都是祸不单行；状语从句测试名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载of the kitchen 1.John shut everybody out _he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. A. which B. when C. so thatD. as if 2.I would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment. A. until B. if C. when D. that 3.As far as I am concerned,education is about learning and the more you learn,_. A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life 4.After the war ,a new school building was put up _there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when 5.Is Mr. Smith in the office. Yes,_ he is in charge of the office,he must be there. A. since B. however C. whether D. for 6.As your good friend, I will do _help you. A. that I can to B. what I can to C. all that I can 7.John may phone tonight. I donD. what I can t want to go out 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载_he phones. A. as long as B. in order to C. in case D. so that 8.Someone called me up in the middle of the nightbut they hung up _I could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. until D. before 9.Dontlook down upon Bob. He has his own advantages. Oh, _others are weak, he is strong. A. If B. When C. Where D. Though 10. It is ten years _he smoked. A. that B. when C. since D. while 11. We must hurry up _catch up with the last train. A. that B. so that to C. in order that D. in order to 12. No matter _hard it may be,I will carry it out. A. what C. how B. whatever D. however 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载13. _ you may do,you must do it well. A. Which B. Whenever C. Whatever D. When 14. Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday. No. But if I _the time,I would definitely go. A. have B. had C. have had D. would have 15. _ you are so weak,you d better stay at home. A. Since B. For C. Because D. Though 16.English and French are taught here. You can choose _you like. A. no matter which C. which B. whichever D. whatever 17.I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other _I left London. A. as B. before C. since D. till 18.I ll be back before you _. A. will leave C. leave B. will have left D. would leave 19.The problem won t be settled until we _a chance to discuss it thoroughly. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A. have had B. will have C. will have had D. would have 20.If you _this experiment,you will understand the theory better. A. will be doing C. will have done B. have done D. would do 21.They went on working _it was late at night. A. even if B. as if C. however D. as though 22.I hurried _I wouldn t be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless 23.The vol