2022年高考英语一轮复习名词性从句讲解.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载 20XX 届高考英语一轮复习讲解: 名词性从句【学问要点】一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；, 它包括主语从句、如:Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.主语从句 . I don t know what he means. 宾语从句 . I m glad that you are here. 宾语从句用在形容词之后 . The teacher is satisfied with what you have done. 介词宾语从句 . 名师归纳总结 all. That was because he was ill.表语从句 . 第 1 页,共 27 页 The news that he got killed in the race surprised us 同位语从句 . 二、引导名词性从句的连接词. 连接词词义功能 that 无词义不作成分 , 只起连接 .作用. whether/if 是否 不作成分 , 起连接作用 what,which 什么, 哪个作主语、宾语、表语 who,whom,whose 谁, 谁的作主语、宾语、定语 when,where,how,why 什么时候 / 地方, 怎么样 , 为什么作 状- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载语 how many/much 多少作定语 how soon/often/long/much 作状语多久, 多久一次 , 多长, 多么词义及功能同疑问词 whateveranything that 无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、.定语 whoseveranyone whose 无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、.表语 whicheveranything that 无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语 whoeveranyone who 无论谁 作主语 whomeveranyone whom 无论谁 作宾语 1.that 引 导 的 从 句 如 果 作 介 词 宾 语 只 可 用 在except,in,but,besides等少数介词后；如 : I could say nothing but that Im sorry. that 引导的从句可作 it 的同位语从句；如 :. You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time. 2.that 引导宾语从句时可省略 ; 引导其他名词性从句时 , 一般不省略 , 特殊是引导主语从句且位于句首时；如 :. That the earth is round is true. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载 The fact that he is a thief got around. 留意: 下面一句中 , 第一个 that 可省略 , 其次个 that 不行省略 :. He saidthat he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home. 3.whether 与 if 引导名词性从句时的区分； 1 在引导宾语从句时 whether 与 if 可互换 , 但假如和 or not连用就只用 whether ；如: I don t know whether or not he can stay here longer. 2 假如宾语从句是否定结构 , 就用 if 而不用 whether 引导；如:. He asked me if I wasnt going there. 3 介词宾语从句只能用whether 引导；如 :. I m not interested in whether he is rich. 4 引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句一般多用 whether ；如:. The question is whether you can do it yourself. The question whether he will come here himself isnt decided yet. Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. 5 用 it作形式主语时 ,whether 或 if都可以引导主语从句；如:. It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载 4. 注 意 what/whatever;who/whoever;which/whichever 的 区别；试比较以下句子 :. Whoever will go to the concert please signs your name here.Anyone who will go to the concert please signs your name here. Who will go to the concert isn t known.It s unknown who will go to the concert. He wont believe whatever she says.No matter what she says,he won t believe her. Whichhever toy you want is yours.No matter which toy you want,it is yours. 的区分； 5. 留意 how long/how soon/how often/how much How long will he stay here. 他将在这里待多久 . How soon can you be ready. 你多久能预备好 . How often do you visit her. 你多长时间去探望她一次 . How much is that dress. 那件衣服多少钱 . 6. 当 主 句 谓 语 动 词 表 示 不 肯 定 或 怀 疑 时 , 宾 语 从 句 用名师归纳总结 whether/if引导; 表示有把握时用that 引导；如 : 第 4 页,共 27 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载 I doubt whether/if he can win the match. I don t doubt that he can win the match. 7.what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区分 . what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分 , 如主语、宾语、表语, 而 that 就不然；如 :. What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a fact. 8. 主语从句不行位于句首的五种 .情形. 1if 引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首；. 2It is said/reported 结构中的主语从句不行提前；如 :. It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.right. That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.wrong. 3It happens,It occurs结构中的主语从句不行提前；如:. him that he failed in It occurred to the examination.right. That he failed in the examination occurred to him.wrong. 4It doesnt matter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不行提前；如 :. 名师归纳总结 It doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not.right. 第 5 页,共 27 页Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.wrong.- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载 5 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时, 主语从句不行提前；如 :. Is it likely that it will rain in the evening.right. Is that will rain in the evening likely.wrong. 一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替, 而本身放在句子末尾； 1.it 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较 . it 作形式主语代替主语从句 , 主要是为了平稳句子结构 , 主语从句的连接词没有变化；而 it 引导的强调句就是对句子某一部分进行强调 , 无论强调的是什么成分 , 都可用连词 时也可用 who/whom；如:. that ；被强调部分指人 It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你没去看那场电影真是遗憾； . It doesn t interest me whether you succeed or not. 你成功与否对我没有什么吸引力；名师归纳总结 2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构 . 第 6 页,共 27 页 1It is +名词+从句. It is a fact that.事实是 . It is an honor that特别荣幸 . It is common knowledge that 是常识 . 2it is +形容词 +从句 . It is natural that很自然 . - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载 It is strange that 古怪的是 . 3it is + 不及物动词 +从句. It seems that 似乎 . It happened that 碰巧 . 4it + 过去分词 +从句. It is reported that 据报道 . It has been proved that 已证明 3. 主语从句不行位于句首的五种情形 . 1if 引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首；. 2It is said ,reported 结构中的主语从句不行提前；如 :. 据说江主席下周要来我校视察；. It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.right. That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.wrong. 3It happens,It occurs 结构中的主语从句不行提前；如:. 他考试没及格； . It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.right. That he failed in the examination occurred to him.wrong. 4It doesnt matter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不行提前；如 :. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载他是不是错了 , 这一点不重要； .It doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not.right. Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.wrong. 5 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时 傍晚有可能下雨吗 . , 主语从句不行提前；如 :. Is it likely that it will rain in the evening. right. Is that will rain in the evening likely. wrong 4.what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区分 . what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分 , 如主语、宾语、你 表语, 而 that 就不然；如 :What you said yesterday is right. 昨天说的是对的； . 二、宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 , 通常放在主句 谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后； . 1. 作动词的宾语 . 1 由 that 引导的宾语从句 that I heard that he joined the army. 通常可以省略 , 如:. 我听说他参军了； . 2 由 what,whether if 引导的宾语从句 , 如:. She did not know what had happened. 事；. 3 动词+间接宾语 +宾语从句；如 :. 她不知道发生了什么名师归纳总结 She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她跟我第 8 页,共 27 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载说她情愿接受我的邀请； 2. 作介词的宾语 , 如:. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们的合作情形； 3. 作形容词的宾语 , 如:. I am afraid thatIve made a mistake. 我唯恐是犯错了； . that 引导的从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语 :. anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content 的 that 从句看作缘由状语从句； 4.it 可以作为形式宾语 . 等；也可以将此类词后 it 不仅可以作为形式主语 , 仍可以作为形式宾语而把真正的宾语 that 从句放在句尾 , 特殊是在带复合宾语的句子中；如 :. We heard it that she would get married next month. 我们听说她准备下个月结婚； 5. 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词 . 这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等；这类词后可以用不定式或动名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载名词作宾语 , 但不行以用 that 引导的宾语从句；如 :. 我特别仰慕他们赢得了竞赛的成功； . I admire their winning the match.right. I admire that they won the match.wrong 6. 不行用 that 从句作直接宾语的动词 . 的有些动词不行用于“ 动词+间接宾语 +that从句“ 结构中 , 常见有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate 等；如 :. 作为一个诚恳的人 , 他给经理留下了很深的印象；. He impressed the manager as an honest man.right. He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.wrong 7. 否定的转移 . 如 主 句 谓 语 动 词 为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine 等,其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义 , 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上 ,从句谓语用确定式； 如:I don t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿；. 三、表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后 ,一般结构是“ 主语 +连系动词 +表语从句” ；可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be,look,remain,seem等；另外, 常用的仍有 The reason is that 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 和 It is because 学习好资料欢迎下载等结构；如 :. The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 问题是我们能否在那么短的时间内作好充分的预备；. This is why we cant get the support of the people.这就是我们为什么得不到人民支持的缘由；. 四、同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句； 1. 同位语从句的功能 . 同位语从句对名词进一步说明, 说明名词的详细内容, 一般由that 引导；如 :. The king s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 国王作出的这名囚犯释放的打算让人们大吃一惊； 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 . 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面 , 而是被别的词隔开；如 :. He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举办；名师归纳总结 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分. 第 11 页,共 27 页 1 定语从句中的that既代替先行词 , 同时在从句中作某个成分- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料that欢迎下载 主语或宾语 , 而同位语从句中的是连词 , 只起连接主句与从句的作用 , 不充当句中任何成分； . 2 定语从句是形容词性的 , 其功能是修饰先行词 , 对先行词加以限定, 描述它的性质或特点 ; 同位语从句是名词性的 , 其功能是对名词进行补充说明；如 :. The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 他告知我的消息是汤姆明年将出国； 第一个 that引导的从句是定语从句 ,that在从句中作宾语 . The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的； 同位语从句 ,that在句中不作任何成分 . 【考点诠释】考点 1 主语从句引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类: 连接词 that,whether; 连接代词 what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever 等; 连接副词 when,where,why,how 等； 1.连接词 that,whether引导That the college wiU take in more new students this year 名师归纳总结 is true.今年这所高校将招收更多新生是真的；第 12 页,共 27 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载 Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 他是否能按时完成任务特别重要；特殊提示 1if不能引导主语从句；it替代主语从句的句式 2 形式主语 it 替代主语从句；常见的主要有以下几种 : A.It+ 系动词 +形容词 +that 从句；如 : It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清晰 , 整个方案注定要失败； B.It+ 系动词 +名词+that 从句；如 : It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.我们的期望是双方能朝着和平的方向进展； C.It+be+v.ed形式 +that 从句；如 : It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out. 据宣布方案已经顺当实施； 2. 连接代词引导What we cant get seems better than what we already have.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好；who the letter was from is still unknown. 这封信是谁寄 出的仍不清晰； Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3.学习好资料欢迎下载连接副词引导How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear.针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的仍不清晰； why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 恐龙为什么突然消逝了仍是个谜考点 2 宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类: 连接词 that,whether,if等, 连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等, 连接副词 when,where,why,how 等； 1. 连接词 that,whether,if 引导I thinkthatyou should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应当向老师寻求帮忙；I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否仍住在这儿；特殊提示 whether/if 都意为“ 是否” ；一般情形下 , 它们可以互换 , 口语中常用 if, 但以下情形中 , 只能用 whether ； 1 与 or not 紧接连用时；如 : Let me knoW whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来；名师归纳总结 2 作介词的宾语从句时；如: attend the meeting.第 14 页,共 27 页 We are interested in whether you will - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载我们对你是否参与会议感爱好； 2. 连接代词和连接副词引导连 接 代 词 有 what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等, 连接副词有 when,where,why,how 等；如 : She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.她问我班上谁的书法最好；I 11 just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么；Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began. 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开头的吗 . I ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我始终在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣； 3. 宾语从句的语序 在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序；如 : He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我其次天什么时候可以动身；Did you find out where she lost her car. 丢的车了吗 . 4. 宾语从句的时态你查出她在哪里 1当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时, 其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态；如 : She saysthatshe works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班；从句是一般现在时名师归纳总结 she saysthatshe will leave a message on his desk.她说第 15 页,共 27 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载她要在他桌子上留个便条；从句是一般将来时She saysthatshe has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山；从句是现在完成时 2 当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时 , 其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态；如 : He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课；从句是一般过去时He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿；从句是过去将来时He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会；从句是过去进行时 3当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时, 其时态仍然用一般现在时；如 : The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告知我们世上无难事 , 只怕有心人；He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快；特殊提示 1在使用宾语从句时需要留意下面几点: 词动find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时 , 就需要用 it 作形式宾语 , 而将 that 宾语从句后名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载置；如 : I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的；I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记 成了惯例； 2hate,like,take,owe,have,take for granted 等表示“ 喜爱 ;痛恨; 认为” 的动词或动词短语和 see to 表示“ 留意 , 留意” 后有宾语补足语时 , 需要用 it 作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置；如 : I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.我厌恶他们满嘴食物说话；When you start the engine,you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 启动发动机时 , 肯定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置； 3 介词后的宾语从句；如 : She is always thinking of how she can do more for others.她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多；We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在争论是否让同学加入我们的俱乐部； 4宾语从句的否定转移；将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中, 即主句的谓语动词用否定式, 而从句的谓语动词用确定式；如 : 名师归纳总结 I don t think I know you.我想我并不熟悉你；第 17 页,共 27 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I don 学习好资料欢迎下载t believe he will come.我信任他不回来；考点 3、表语从句常由连接词that,whether;连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever; 连接副词 when,where,how,why 引导； 1. 连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasn t been informed.他缺席的缘由就是他没接到通知；The question remains whether they will be a