2022年高考英语动词时态和语态讲义.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考英语动词时态和语态讲义动词时态英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的有十一种；见下表：时态名称 构 成一般现在时 do/does,（连系动词 is/am/are）一般过去时 did,（连系动词 was/were）will/shall do 一般将来时 is/am/are going to do is/am/areaboutto do现在进行时 is/am/are doing过去进行时 was/were doing将来进行时 will be doing 现在完成时 has/have done过去完成时 had done将来完成时 will/shall have done现在完成进行时 has/have been doing would/should do 过去将来时 was/were going to do was/wereaboutto do（一）一般现在时1.表示常常或习惯性的动作,多用行为动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用We always care for each other and help each other. 2.表示客观事实或普遍真理 不受主句时态的限制 The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 1.表示一个按规定、方案或支配要发生的动作,只用一般现在时；The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午 10 点起飞；2.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时；但要留意由 用 shall 或 will 表“ 意愿” ,不表示时态；I ll go there after I finish my work. if 引导的条件状语从句中有时可以If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 3.以 here, there开头的句子里, go, come 等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作；There comes the bus.汽车来了；Here she comes.她来了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载（二）一般过去时1.过去某一时间内常常发生或反复发生的动作或存在的状态 He lived in Beijing when he was young. 他年轻时生活在北京；2.表达过去发生的动作 We visited the factory last Friday. 上周五我们参观了那家工厂；1.有些动词如： think, want, plan 等用在一般过去时中常常译为“ 原先认为/以为,原先想,原方案”；I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn't. 2.考生有时用现在完成时代替一般过去时我原以为这部电影是很好玩的,但是事实并非如此；Hello, I _you were in London. How long _here. A. don t know; were you B. hadn t known; are you即指过去不知道；C. haven t known; are D. didnt know; have you been【解析】 特别简单误选B；其实答案为D,由于 “ didnt know” 强调的是见面前不知道,（三）一般将来时 1.表示将来的动作和存在的状态The first time wed you with an experienced reporter.第一次我们要派有体会的记者伴随你一起去；2.表示一种倾向或习惯性动作 Oil will float on water. 油会浮在水面上；Crops will die without water. 没有水庄稼会死亡一般将来时几种特别表达形式的区分 1.be going to：表示准备做某事或有迹象说明即将发生某事 I am going to visit my friend in hospital. 我将去探望住在医院的伴侣；It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好象要下雨了；2.be about to：表示即时的将来；一般不与时间状语连用Now ladies and gentleman, youre about to hear the most incredible tale.女士们,先生们,你们立刻就要听到一个难以置信的故事；3.be to：可用来表示方案、支配（通常是正式的支配）或已发生了某事；发布命令或告之规章；指令；（表示可能）会做 ,可能；必定会发生Their daughter is to get married soon. 他们的女儿可能不久就要结婚了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载（四）现在进行时1.表示现在正在进行的动作；It is raining heavily now, so we must stay inside. 现在正下着大雨,因此我们必需呆在家里；2.表示按方案支配即将发生的动作；My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 这个星期六我爸爸要来看我；现在进行时与 always, often 等频度副词连用,表常常反复的行动或某种感情颜色Why are always forgetting his name.为啥你总是记他的名字呢？（五）过去进行时1.表示按方案支配即将发生的动作My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 这个星期六我爸爸要来看我；2.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.昨天一成天他都在预备他的演讲；3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生I was writing while he was watching TV . 我在写东西而他在看电视；4.表示过去将来动作He said she was arriving the next.day.他说他将在其次天到达；考生有时用现在完成时或用一般过去时代替过去进行时； Hey, look where you are going. Oh, I m terribly sorry._.A. Im not noticing. B. I wasnt noticing. C. I havent noticed. D. I dont notice.【解析】特别简单误选 C；其实答案为 B；由于对话的后者明显是在说明刚才不当心冒犯对方时正在做的事情,应当用过去进行时； He _a book about China last year, but I dont know if heA. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish 【解析】特别简单误选 A；其实答案为 B；从“I don t know if he has finished it” 推断,他去年始终在写,应当用过去进行时；（六）将来进行时名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1.表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,一般带状语When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 2.表示现在正在进行的动作,但这个动作会连续到将来他明天来我家的时候,我将正在写报告；I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. 我想她做这个试验将会始终做到明天早上；3.表示预定的将来动作或对将来的猜测 Stop the child or he will be falling over. 挡住那孩子,不然他会摔下去的；将来进行时和一般将来时的区分1.一般将来时不仅表示“ 将来”,仍含有“ 意志、意愿” 等的意思I ll try my best to hard work at English. 我将尽全力努力学习英语； （含意愿的意思）I ll be studying English next term. 下学期我将学习英语； （表示单纯的将来）2.跟一般将来时连用的时间状语比较模糊,而跟进来进行时连用的时间状语特别详细 I ll write a letter to my father tomorrow. 我明天要给父亲写信；I ll be writing a letter to my father this time tomorrow.（七）现在完成时明天这个时候,我会给父亲写信的；表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,说话时已完成的动作；I have finished the report. 我已经完成了这个报告；She has cleaned the room.她已经打扫洁净了这个房间；1.表示从过去开头,连续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for.” , “ since.” 表述的一段时间状语连用；He has learned English for six years.他学英语已经六年了；They have worked here since they left college. 他们高校毕业以后就在这里工作；2.表示“ 曾经到过某地（人已回来）” 用“ have/has gone to” ；Where is Li Hua. 李华在哪里？have/has been to” , 表示“ 到某地去了（仍未回来）” 用He has gone to the reading-room.他去阅览室了；She knows a lot about Shanghai. 关于上海,她懂许多；She has been there. 她去过那里；短暂动词（即瞬时动词） ,如： join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载start, break out 等,在完成时态中,其确定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用；要翻译“ 他已参军已经三年了”；不能说： He has joined the army for three years.而要用以下三种方法：“ago 法” ： He joined the army three years ago. “ 连续法” ： He has been in the army for three years.“since 法” ： It is/has been three years since he joined the army. （八）过去完成时表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作；He had shut the door before the dog came up.在那狗走过来之前,他已将门关上了；Everything had been all right up till this morning. 直到今日上午为止,一切都正常；1.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开头始终连续到另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至仍要连续下去；At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words. 十岁的时候,他已经学了 500 个英语单词了；He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 我们知道的时候,他已经病了一个星期了；2.常用 hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose 等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的期望、准备或意图；We had expected that you would be able to win the match.我们本期望你能赢得这场竞赛的；（九）将来完成时用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作；常和 by 短语, when, before 引起的时间状语连用；We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term. 到这学期终止时为止,我们将会完成高中其次册书；1.在时间、条件状语从句中,用现在完成时代替将来完成时来表示将来某一时刻以前已完成的动作Tell me what you think about the film when you have seen it. 你看完这部电影之后告知我你对它的看法；2.与 by the end of 引导的时间状语从句连用时要看 成时仍是用过去完成时；“ of” 后面的名词所表示的时间概念来打算是用将来完We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term. 到这学期终止时为止,我们将学会 2000 英语单词；We had learned 2000 English words by the end of last term. 到这学期终止时为止,我们将学会 2000 英语单词；（十 ）现在完成进行时名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载用来表示从过去某一时刻开头始终连续到现在（仍要连续下去）的动作；He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.8 点以来,他始终在做这些数学题；现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较1.现在完成时着重表示动作的结果I have read that book.我读过那本书了； （知道那本书的内容）2.着重表示过去发生的动作连续到现在仍将连续下去Hi,Tracy,you look tired. I am tired.I_ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 【解析】答案为 C；强调动作从过去到现在的连续,可能仍将连续下去；（十一）过去将来时相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态；He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告知我他将去北京；I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告知我他预备回家；would do 表示过去的习惯 总是,总会,常常；He would sit silent for hours. 他常常接连好几个小时悄悄地坐着；动词被动语态（一）被动语态的构成形式被动语态 构 成一般现在时 am/is/are done 一般过去时 was/were done 一般将来时 shall/will be done 过去将来时 should/would be done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done 将来完成时 will/would have been done 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be done （二）被动语态使用留意点1.主动表示被动的几种情形名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态；常见动词有：lock, wash 等；This knife cuts well. 这把刀好切；These books sell well.这些书好卖；The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来流畅；cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, Meat won t keep long in such hot wea ther.肉在这样热的天气里放不长期；The cloth washes well. 这种布好洗；一些连系动词的主动式形容词；常见动 look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out 等；The apples taste good.这些苹果尝起来味道不错；The flower smells wonderful. 这花闻起来很不错；The news proved/turned out true.这消息后来证明时真的；Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起来很软；主语 +need/want/require 表示需要被 的时候, 常用动名词的主动式表示被动或用不定式的被动式；（参看第八讲非谓语动词）The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.这车需要修理； be worth doing 表示某事值得去做；The Great Wall is worth visiting. 长城值得一游；典例精析 +举一反三对一般现在时的考查As you can see, the number of cars on our roads rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping 【解析】答案为 C；为一般现在时表示常常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态；也表示说话者的态度、才能或自然现象等等；依据 as you can see这个从句中用的一般现在时,可判定出主句要用现在时态,keep doing 表示 “始终在做某事 ”；主语是 the number of cars 谓语动词用单数形式；名师归纳总结 The father as well as children every Sunday afternoon in winter. 第 7 页,共 15 页A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going 【解析】答案为C；这个句子的主语是the father 所以其谓语动词要用单数形式；再依据时间状语every Sunday afternoon in winter 可判定出要用一般现在时,表示常常性的动作；as well as his children- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载在句子中作状语；This machine _. It hasnt worked for years.A. didnt work B. wasn t working C. doesn t work D. isnt working【解析】答案为 C； “这台机器不工作（坏了）”,表示现在的一个状态,用一般现在时；Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 【解析】 答案为 B；此题的干扰源为上下文的过去时,但“被称为太平洋 ” 是客观现状, 只能用一般现在时；Look at the timetable. Hurry up. Flight 4026 _off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken 【解析】答案为 A ；飞机起飞时间一般是固定时间,每次都在这个时间开；所以要用一般现在时； What would you do if it tomorrow. We have to carry it on, since we ve got everything ready.A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 【解析】答案为 B；在条件状语从句（if, as long as, even if）中往往用一般现在时表示将来；Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _home. A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write 【解析】答案为 D；时间状语从句（when, until, before, the moment ）中往往用一般现在时表示将来；对现在进行时的考查 Have you got any job offers. No. I_.A. waited B. had been waitingC. have waited D. am waiting 【解析】答案为D；句意： “有人给你供应工作了吗？” “没有,我在等呢； ” 用现在进行时态表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态；Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off 【解析】答案为 B；现在进行时可用来表示按方案或支配要进行的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用；这种用法比较生动, 给人一种期望感； 依据所供应的情形 seat belts. 可判定出飞机立刻要起飞了；“ Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing.People_to ask how I am going to spend the money. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. phone B. will phone 学习必备欢迎下载 D. are phoning C. were phoning 【解析】答案为 D；句意：自从我赢了大奖, 人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱；此处的 are phoning表示“ 不停的打电话” ；对现在完成时的考查 Do you think we should accept that offer. Yes, we should, for we _such bad luck up till now, and time out. A. have had; is running C. have; has been run D. have had; has been run Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved 【解析】答案为 B；现在完成时表示过去发生的事对现在造成的结果,表示动作已经完成；依据所供应的情形 what worries us is that some of them are returning 可判定出一些危急的疾病已经得到了掌握,但有一些疾病又开头传播；Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked 【解析】答案为 C；依据后问 now he is popular 可知此题强调过去的动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时； So far this year we _a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw D；习语 so far 的意思是“ 到目前为止”C. had seen D. have seen 【解析】答案为,刚好与现在完成时的连续性用法（从过去连续到现在的一段时间）相吻合,所以通常要连用现在完成时； _ you _ him around the museum yet. Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show 【解析】答案为 A ；题意为“ 你有没有带他参观过博物馆？是的,我们在那里过得很高兴” ,依据答语可判定强调结果对现在的影响；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载对现在完成进行时的考查 I m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparingC. had been preparing D. has been preparing 【解析】 答案为 D；由句中 “ for months ”与“ will ”可知, “ prepare ”的动作应发生在过去而且到目前仍在连续,故用现在完成进行时； I have got a headache. No wonder. You in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked 【解析】答案为 C；句意：你在电脑前工作的时间太长；动作从过去开头；始终连续到现在,可能仍会延续下去,所以应用现在完成进行时；I won t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _on it for more than an hour.A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked 【解析】答案为 A ；依据后面 “ for more than an hour 可知动作连续一段时 间而且始终在进行,until 说明这是一个时间状语从句,句中用现在完成进行时表示将来完成进行；句意： 直到这个同学做这道数学题做了一个多小时以后,我才会告知他答案；对一般过去时的考查He _football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing C. has played D. had played 【解析】答案为 B；由句中 “ regularly 和 “ when he was young” 可知是过去某段时间内常常性、习惯性的动作,故用一般过去时；T Judy is going to marry the sailor she _in Rome last year. A. meets B；“ 遇见” 的动作发生在C. has met D. would meet 【解析】答案为“ last year,故用一般过去时；The play had already been on for quite some time when we _at the New Theatre. A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. arrive 【解析】答案为 B；依据前面是过去完成时可知后面应当是一般过去时；两个动作发生的时间有先后；对过去进行时的考查名师归纳总结 I called Hannah many times yesterday evening ,but I couldnt get through. Her brother _on the phone 第 10 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载all the time. A. was talking C. has talked D. talked 【解析】答案为 A ；句意：昨天晚上我给汉娜打过许多次电话,就是打不通；她的哥哥始终在电话上说个不停；此处用过去进行时态表示过去某一时间段内始终在进行的动作；The telephonA. had rung C. rings D. has rung 【解析】答案为 B；由句意“ 电话响着,但我进入室内时停了；” 可知,该题表达的时间与过去有关,而与现在无关；由此,排除 C、 D 两项；而假如选 A 项,就与后面 “ it stopped 在规律上存在错误；I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident . A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred 【解析】答案为 C；occur 动作在 go along“ 沿着（街）走” 动作进行中发生的,所以主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时；句中的“ when”表示 “ 这时 ”是解题的关键；句意：我正沿街走着,想找一个地方泊车,这时,事故发生了； It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. Oh, don t mention it. I _past your house anyway.（ 2007 北京卷）A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come 【解析】答案为 A ；依据题干：“ 搭车回家” 是已经发生的事,排除 B 和 D 项；依据句意“ 不管怎么说,我反刚要路过你家” 应选 was coming 表示过去将要；对过去完成时的考查A. had left A ；“ found”为一般过去时态,而C. have left D. was leaving 【解析】答案为“ leave ”发生在 “ find ”之前,故 “ leave ”须用过去完成时态； Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday. Yes, he did. He _ his old friends for a long time. A. didnt see B. wouldn t see C. hasn t seen D. hadn t seen【解析】答案为 D；在昨天以前就已经好长时间没看过老伴侣了,所以用过去完成时；