2022年人教版新课标必修五高考英语unit单元知识点归纳.docx

_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 高考英语一轮总复习人教版新课标必修五归纳1. impression n. 印象；感想；印记 1）固定搭配： make/ leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 be under the impression that. 觉得；以为 make no impression on 对 无影响 /成效 give sb. a favourable impression 给某人以好的印象 First impressions are most important. 第一印象最重要；his impression of her=her impression on him 她给他留下的印象 2）其动词形式 impress 用法：unit3 单元学问点impress 作“使（某人） 印象深刻 ”时,常用结构有： impress sth. on/upon sb ./ impress sb. with sth . 给 留下深刻的印象；使牢记；通常用于被动语态：be impressed by/at/with sth.或 be impressed on ones mind/memory；如：The teachers were most impressed by your performance in the exam. 全部老师被你们的考试成果所深深感动His speech made quite an impression on the audience. 他的演说给听众留下了相当好的印象；【即境活用】1） _ was favourable. 他给我的第一印象不错答案：His first impression on me / My first impression of him 2His trip to India made_. 他的印度之行对他的触动很大 答案： a strong impression on him 3 He _with his sincerity. 他的真诚打动了她答案：impressed her 2 take up 从事；占 时间、空间、留意力、等 ；连续典例 1This table takes up too much room这张桌子太占地方；2She has taken up a job as a teacher她当上老师了；3This chapter takes up where the last one off本章连续上一章的内容；短语归纳 take off 脱掉（衣服等） ；起飞：打折：作为折扣而减价：take over 接管：获得对 的掌握或治理take apart 拆开：分开后将 分成很多部分take for 把 视作：误认为take for granted 认为 是理所当然take down 写下 ,登记take back 收回 诺言 ; 【即境活用】 1）Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day. _精品资料_ A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up 第 1 页,共 14 页（答案A ）2） To keep healthy,Professor Johnson_ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - retired. A. took up B. caught on C. carried out D. made for （答案为 A；）3.constantly adv. 始终；始终；重复不断地 constantly.adv. 不断地【经典例句】His report was constantly interrupted by applause. 他的报告频频被掌声所打断；【考点聚焦】constantly 常常和进行时连用,如：I m constantly telling her to b ehave herself. 我不断地告知她要守法规；e.g. Fashion is constantly changing. 时尚总是日新月异；学问拓展： constant adj. 连续发生的；不断的；重复的；4.flashback 倒叙 Flashy 炫耀的 flashlight 手电Flashback 闪回,（小说,剧本）倒叙Flash across 一闪而过,拂过 flash by/past 一闪而过Flash sth around 炫耀The events in his happy family life were shown in flashback. 他幸福的家庭生活是用倒叙法来表现的；5 previous adj. 先的 , 前的 ; 事前的 ; 以前的previous to 在 之前previously adv. 从前地,以前地1） He did better in his previous study. 他在预习方面做得好；2） His previous attempt was successful. 他以前的尝试胜利了；3） Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter. 在会议召开之前,我们争论了这个问题. 【即境活用】汉译英1）你以前有过这种工作体会吗？_ 2）来这里之前 ,我为你预备了文件 . _ 答案：1） Do you have any previous experience of this kind of job. 2）Previous to coming here, I prepared all the documents for you. 6.Uncertainty 徘徊,迟疑 uncertaintly Be uncertain about/ of 对 不确定In no certain terms 明确有力地,不模糊地7.guide n.&. vt. 指导,向导,导游；指引 导 Guide sb to/ through/around 领着某人到 / 穿过 / 参观to take . as one's guide to action 把. . 作为行动的指南a guide to a museum 博物馆参观指南They guided us to the teachers' office. 他们带领我们到老师办公室去；8.opening n. 通路,口子；空缺；开放/始幕 Open （adj,v ）-opener 起子 opening 通道,开口_精品资料_ Opening ceremony开幕式opening time开头营业时间第 2 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - Opening words 开场白 adj. 第一次的,开头的,开头的,开幕的 There was an opening in the wall. Many people attended the opening of the new museum. His opening remarks are very attractive. 9.surroundings n.pl. 环境； surround v. 环绕；环绕surrounding adj. 四周的；邻近的e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings. 人人都喜爱在开心的环境中工作；启示同学摸索问题,哪些单词用作名词常常用复数形式10.tolerate 容忍；忍耐Tolerance 宽恕；容忍 tolerant toleration 宽容,容忍Tolerate + ving = bear, stand, put up with + ving 忍耐,容忍We simply cannot tolerate cheating in exams. 我们就是不能容许考试作弊行为；I cannot tolerate her rudeness. 我不能容忍她的粗鲁无礼；11. lack n. &v. 缺乏；没有【用法解读】1 lack 用作名词表示：“缺乏；短缺 ”；用作动词表示：“缺乏；短缺；没有；不足 ” a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物 /金钱 /技能2）固定搭配：for lack of 因缺乏 have no lack of 不缺乏 lack for nothing 一无所缺 be lacking in 缺乏【经典例句】 n. She showed a lack of humor. 她缺少幽默v. A coward lacks courage. 怯懦者缺乏士气【归纳比较】辨析 lack 与 shortage ：lack 是一个通用性名词,指整体或局部的不足；shortage在表示局部欠缺方面与lack 同义,但它在指固定的、必需的或一般习惯量的总数不足时,比 lack 所表示的不足更甚；【即学即用】The trip was cancelled through_. 由于缺乏爱好这次旅行被取消了；He _. 他缺乏信心；12. 2.adjust v.调整,使适应Adjustment.n. 调整,调剂Adjustable.adj. 可调动的,可调剂的adjust to 搭配 适应 The desks and seats can be adjusted adjust to the height of any child. My eyes haven t adjus ted_to_the dark yet. adjustor= adjuster 调整者,调剂器,调停者13.under the mask of 在 的保护下14.Be back on ones feet （困境后）复原,完全复原Keep one s feet 站稳脚跟 stand on ones own feet独立Under one s feet 碍手碍脚,厌恶struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来rise to ones feet 站起来 jum p to ones feet 跳起来15.Slide into （快捷而悄声地）移动,溜进_精品资料_ slide over/ around sth爽快地处理（问题） ,略过第 3 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 16.Optimism pessimism Optimist pessimist Optimistic pessimistic Be optimistic about 对 持乐观态度17.presspres n. &v. 按；压；逼迫；印刷；新闻【经典例句】v. He pressed the doorbell. 他按了门铃；n. The book was favorably noticed by the press.此书颇获新闻界好评；【考点聚焦】固定搭配： press on/upon1）努力连续或前进,如：The boys pressed on in spite of the wind.男孩子们不顾大风连续前进；2）把 强加于,迫使接受,如：I wish hed stop trying to press his views upon his students.但愿他不再把他的观点强加给同学；Fastener 纽扣,拉链fast fasten （v）Fasten to/on 将 系/ 扣/ 钉/ 装在 上18.switch n. & v. 用作名词表示 “开关；转换 ”；用作动词表示“转换 ”；a switch in 在 方面转变switch off （电灯,电器）关掉 switch on switch over 完全转变,变换 switch out 关上e.g. She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born. 第一个孩子诞生后,她就由全日工作改为非全日工作；I can't work next week, will you switch with me. 19.speed up 加速下个周末我不能上班,咱俩换个班好不好？【巧记提示】speed 速度 +up 上,让速度跟上,即加速；【经典例句】The car sped up when there was no one.没有人时汽车加速了；【考点聚焦】和 speed 搭配的常见短语：at a speed of 以 的速度with speed 快速地at full/top speed 全速地At a speech of 以 的速度 light、sound 以光速,音速With speed 快速地 speed by 很快地过去,飞逝20.Deserted 无人居住的, 被抛弃的 deserter 抛弃者,逃兵 desertion 抛弃,逃脱 deserts应得的酬劳,奖赏,奖罚21.Massive大而重：或体格高大,相貌不凡Huge 庞大Enormous 庞大,超乎平常的Vast 范畴广,数量大（面积）22.Imitate imitative imitation 仿制品,扮演Imitate 有 /无意识地仿照Copy 不是原色照搬23.Move movable mover 行动者 movement moving movie _精品资料_ 24.Chinese citizen中国公民plain citizen老百姓第 4 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - Citizenship 公民权 /身份25.Button up 紧闭,把 扣上纽扣On the button 精确,准时 button it （口语）闭嘴26.Effect 影响（ n）affect v Effective effectively effectual 奏效的 efficiency 效率,功效27.Instant （ n）-instantly instantaneous立刻的 instance 例子,事例At that instant 在那瞬时 for an instant 一瞬时On the instant 立刻 the instant that 一 就28.Disposal 处理 -disposed 乐于 的Dispose sb to/ towards 使某人易于To v 使某人情愿做Of 去掉,排除29.Greed 贪婪 greedily 嘴馋地Be greedy for 对 贪婪30.Settle 定居,解决 settled 稳固的 settler 殖民者,移民Motivate motivation motive motiveless 31.sight u 视力 ,目光lose sight of 看不见 ;忽视 ;遗忘 ;失去联系I lose sight of the words on the blackboard. Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见,心不想；Keep out of my sight. 别再让我观察你；c景象 ,奇迹 pl. 风景 ,名胜The seaside sunset was a beautiful sight. I enjoyed seeing the sights of the West Lake. out of sight 看不见；在视野外lose one s sight失明catch /have /get sight of 观察,发觉in /within sight 在视野内,看得见at first sight 乍一看,一看到 就at the sight of 一观察in sb s sight在某人看来have long /far sight 远视have short/ near sight 近视near-sighted 近视眼的32. sweep up 打扫,横扫；涌向；快速地抱起【归纳拓展】有关 up 的短语归纳：speed up 加速 use up 用光 come up 过来eat up 吃光 sit up 熬夜 / 坐正 turn up 显现 / 开大 音/水量 【即学即用】 1 He _into his arms.他一把将孩子抱进怀里；2In pushing to the train, the children _the crowds of people. A. sweeping up into B. swept up into C. were swept up D. were swept up into sweep aside 放 堆到一边 , 不予理睬sweep away 扫清 , 快速毁灭 , 肃清 , 冲走sweep off 扫清 ; 吹走 ; 大量清除_精品资料_ sweep out扫掉 ; 清除第 5 页,共 14 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - sweep over 将.一扫而光【即境活用】挑选短语并用恰当的形式填空；1 After the party, the house needed _. 2 The leaves were _ into the air by the strong wind. A. sweep off B. sweep over C. sweep up D. sweep out 答案 : 1.sweeping up 2. swept up 课文学问点：1 Think about how many changes there have been in the last one thousand years. in the last one thousand years 在过去一千年时间里in the last /past + 时间表示在过去多长时间里 ,与之连用的时态用现在完成时态Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the last ten years. 2.What changes do you expect to see in your life in one thousand years time.一千年之后你料想会发生什么变化；Expect sb. to do sth. 期望 某人 做某事I expect to be back within a week. I didnt expect him to stay so long.hope to do something 期望做某事Joans hoping to study law at Harvard.wish wish to do something 期望做某事I wish to make a complaint. wish somebody something 期望某人 We wish them every happiness in their new home. 3.I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. remind vt. to make someone remember sth that they must do 使记住 ,提示remind sb about sth /sb to do sth /sb that what /how Please remind him to take his medicine. He r eminded me that I hadnt written to my mother.vt. to make someone remember someone that they knew or sth that happened in the past使某人想起remind sb of sth /sb that what /how The view reminds me of my hometown. 这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切. 我很担忧这次旅行, 所以头4.Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.几天心里总是不踏实；worried about the journey 为过去分词作状语 ,在此处作缘由状语；worried adj. 焦虑的苦恼的担忧的 ; worrisome adj. 使人苦恼的 ,焦虑的5, As a result, I suffered from “ time lag 结果我得了时间滞后症；1as a result of: 作为 的结果 ,由于It snowed, as a result, she was late. result from 起因于 天下雪 , 因此她迟到了；result in 导致某事 ,造成某事 =lead to 2suffer from: to experience something unpleasant, such as an illness, especially over a _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 14 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - long period of time or habitually 苦头；患有 疾病等 ;为 所苦 ,因 而吃She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病；辨析 : suffer 与 suffer from suffer 意为遭受苦痛 ,缺失 ,忍耐羞辱等 ,其宾语为 pain, lose, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback, suffer from 遭受战争 ,自然灾 害带来的苦难及患病之意；suffer from the war / the flood/ a headache遭受战争 ,洪水之苦 /患头病；suffer from cold and hunger 遭受冰冷和饥饿派 suffering n. 痛楚 ,苦恼 ;劳累 ,困难6. This is similar to the “ jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. 这种病有些像乘喷气式飞机高速飞行时所引起的时差反应那样,所不同的是,它意味着你的脑海里不停地从以前的时间段始终往回闪去；星期雨；1 keep doing sth. 连续做某事It kept raining for a week. 接连下了一辨析 :keep doing sth. 与 keep on doing sth. 这两个短语都表示每隔一段时间就发生的动作,这时可互换 ;keep doing sth. 强调动作的连续性和客观性 ,而 keep on doing sth.强调动作的重复性或动作执行者的决心 ,常含有肯定的感情颜色; keep away from 不接近 ;躲开keep back 留在后面 ,不上前 ;隐瞒keep off 不接近 ,拦住keep out of 使在外keep up 跟上 ;赶上 ;保持 keep up with 跟上 ;不落人之后 7. Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future T ours", transported me safely into the future in a time capsule. 他父母的公司叫“将来之旅 ”,以其技术精湛著名.他们把我装在一个时间舱里,平安的把我送入了将来；Well- known for = His parents company was well-known for . to 从 输送到 transport n. 运输 /输；交通工具v.运输 transport from Transport sb/sth to 把 xx 运往Be transported back/ into （想象中）被带到Public transport公共运输air transport空运Ocean transport 海运rail transport铁路运输Water transport 水运The transport of vegetables from the farm to the market takes only half an hour. The yellow bus transports passengers from the airport to the city 8.The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. 1as though /if 似乎 , 似乎 She loves the baby as if she were its mother. He looked as if he had known the answer. It looks as if it is going to rain. He acts as if a child. He stood there, as if crying. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 14 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - He opened his mouth as if to speak. 归纳： as though /if conj. 后可跟从句、形容词、名词、分词、不定式；引导从句时,通常用虚拟语气, 表示与事实不符或相反的情形；假如表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用 did 或were ,如与过去事实相反,就用过去完成时态；as though /if 从句中的情形如有可能发生,用陈述语气；Ex. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 2left 留下,剩下 相当于一个形容词,放在被修饰的名词或 anything, nothing, nobody之后,常常用在 there be 结构中；I haven t got any money left.There are two eggs left, if youre hungry.There s nothing left in the fridge.left / remaining He bought a book with the _money . I have no money _. 9. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. 由于缺乏新奇空气,我感到头痛；1过去分词 hit 在句中作状语,表示与主句中动作相伴发生的状况hit: to have a bad effect on对 有不良的影响How will the new law hit the unemployed. 遭受什么样的打击？辨析 : beat, hit 与 strike 新颁布的法令将使失业者beat指连续地打;hit 侧重指 “击中 ” ,有时也指 “打一下 ” ;strike 常指 “猛地一击 ”； “敲锣 ”要用strike;打鼓 ”要用beat; “敲门 ”要用 knock; “钟敲几点 ”要用strike; 比如意思的 “打击 ”要用give deal a blow to sb. 2ache He has an ache in his back. His back aches/ is aching. My body was all aches and pains. My body ached all over. cure an ache 治好疼痛 feel aches 感到疼suffer from an ache 遭受疼痛Ache to v 期望做 ache for 因 而疼痛,极度思念Ache all over 全身疼痛10.He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. hurry sb into 督促 sb 做hurry up 加快行动 in a hurry 太快,急迫no hurry （口语）不用急_精品资料_ 11. I felt better in no time. 我立刻感到舒适多了；第 8 页,共 14 页in on time: very quickly 立刻 ;立刻They will be back in no time. 他们立刻就会回来；all the time 始终 , 始终at a time 依次 , 逐一 , 每次- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - at all times 无论何时 ,始终at one time 从前at times 有时behind the times 过时的 ,落伍的for the time being 暂且 , 眼下from time to time 不时 ,有时 ,间或in good time 准时地,快速地no time to lose 刻不容缓on time 按时12. These hovering carriages float above the ground and by bending and pressing down on the driving stick strongly one can move swiftly. 杆弄弯或压下,你就可以快速地移动【句型剖析】这些气垫车是在地面上漂浮着的,只要把操纵1） by+ doing 用某种