2022年八下英语语法归纳.docx

精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -新版八年级英语下册第一单元学问点归纳Unit 1 What s the matter.一、基础学问1. What s the matter.怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】 matter/ ' m . t.r /n. 问题.事情What s the matter with you.= Whats the trouble with you. = What s wrong with you.你怎么了？【注】：matter和 trouble为名词,其前可加 the或形容词性物主代词, wrong是 adj.不能加 the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,与介词 with 连用.即：What s the matter with sb.= What s your trouble.= What s up.= What happens to sb. What s the matter with you . I have a bad cold.2. I had a cold. 我感冒了.have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒have a fever发烧 have a cough咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼,肚子疼have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼3. 身体部位 +ache （疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ac he=toothacheback+ache=backache后背痛-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -4. much too+形容词, 意为太.,too much+ 名词,意为很多,大量.5. enough 【形容、副词】足够的 /的, enough放在名前后,形副后.good enough足够好, enough money=much money6. lie down躺下,lie躺,躺着,过去式lay . lie 说谎,过去式 lied7. maybe“或许 ”,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子.Maybe you are right.may be ,是情态动词 +be 的结构,意为 “可能,或许 ”,后加名词、代词或形容词. He may be angry.sound like+ 名词代词和从句： It sounds like you dont know the truth.It sounds like a good idea.sound+ 形容词, “听起来, 似乎”,The music sounds nice.9. need需要,实义动词need+ 名词,需要某物.need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.need doing sth. 主语通常是物,表示被动的动作： Your dirty clothes needwashing.10. get off the bus下（公交车）get on上车11. agree同意,赞同.agree with sth.同意某事如： I agree with that idea. agree to sb.同意某人的看法如： I agree to LiLei.-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -12. trouble 问题,麻烦 . be in trouble 遇到麻烦, make trouble 制造麻烦 ,have trouble in doing sth. =have difficulties in doing sth做. 有麻烦.13. right away=right now=at once ,意为 立刻 .14. advice 不行数名词 劝说,建议,向 征求看法, give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议. advise 动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事advise sb. doing sth.【复习】 exercise 练习、锤炼当 exercise 意为“练习”时,为可数名词 即可加 s当 exercise 意为“锤炼”时,为不行数名词 即不加 s16. hurt及物动词,使疼痛,受伤, He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物动词,（部位）疼.His leg hurt badly. clean【动词】打扫,clean the classroom打扫教室,【形容词】洁净的, cleaner意为清洁工.18. hit（用手或器具）打.击打The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on用在所打较硬的部位.hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in用在所打较软的部位.习惯于、适应了、做某事, 强调状态.-可编辑修改 -学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -be used to sth./ doing sth.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.get/ become used to sth./ doing sth.“变得习惯,逐步适应”强调过程、动作：Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20.【复习】 free 形容词 闲暇的 free time .免费的 the drink is for free .自由的 I want to become a free bird.free 【动词】使解脱,得到自由： He could not free his arm. run out 用完,用完When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物 sth. run out.某物用完了.人 sb. run out of sth.人用完了某物.He run out of all his money last night.22. risk sb. to do sth.冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks冒险23. the importance of doing sth.（做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of learning English.importancen.重要（性）,importantadj. 重要的, unimportantadj. 不重要的decision【名词】打算.选择.make a decision做打算 ; make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.25. be in the control of掌管,治理The headmaster is in the control of this new school.-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -be out of control无法掌握, 无法治理be under control被掌握住,在掌握之中26. 【复习】 mind 意为介意, mind doing sth.介意做某事,Would you mind my opening the window.27. give up doing sth.舍弃（做）某事,give up playing computer games .give up后可接名词、代词和动词 ing 形式,也可不接,如:Never give up easily.二、重点语法【反身代词】 英语中共有八个反身代词, 在使用时应留意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一样.数人称 第一人称 其次人称 第三人称单数 myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself 复数 ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物.如： Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物.如： She isn t quite herself today.-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气.如： She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4. 用在某些固定短语当中.look after oneself / take care of oneself照管自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself玩得兴奋,过得开心help oneself to sth请自用（任凭吃 /喝些）. hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买东西 introduce oneself介绍自己【提示】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语, 但可以做主语的同位语, 起强调作用.如：我自己能完成作业.（误）Myself can finish my homework.正I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代词表示 “某人自己 ”不能表示 “某人的东西 ”,由于它没有全部格的形式.表达 “某人自己的（东西） ”时,必要用 one s own.-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画.（误）Im drawing with myselfcrayons.正Im drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本学问点1. sick生病的,有病的.可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定语 a sick child【区分 ill】ill 与 sick 同义.但是只在句中做表语,不做定语.Mary could not come because she is ill.2. cheer sb. up（让某人）变得兴奋.兴奋起来The good newscheered up everyone in our class.3. give out分发.散发,相当于 hand out ,The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers.give sth. out to sb.意为把某物分发给某人.4. volunteer【名词】理想者 【动词】义务做,自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事,The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5. used to do sth.过去/曾经常做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态,并强调现在已经不再存在或发生.There used to be a cinema here.这里曾有一个照相机.They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他们告知我关于这里过去的故事.-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -6. alone【形容词】独自一人的, 无感情颜色： The musician enjoyedliving alone and writing songs himself.lonely（感到）孤独孤寂的,带有很强的感情颜色,可做表语或定语.The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照管.照管care【名词】当心,关怀take care of=look after【动词】 care about sb./sth. 关怀,在意某人 /事 【形容词】 careful认真的/ careless马虎的【副词】carefully认真的8. such“这样的,这种,如此 ”,用于修饰名词such+ a/ an+ 形容词 +单数名词： such a good day多么美好的一天/such an exciting match多么出色的竞赛such+ 形容词 +复数名词 /不行数名词：such important decisions多么重要的建议such delicious food多么美味的食物假如名词前被 many, much, few, little修饰时,只能用so,而不用 such ：so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for参与选拔,争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.try out 试用,试验10. journey【名词】（尤指长途）旅行,行程.trip【名词】多指短 途旅行.travel 【名词、动词】 travel around the world【名词】 traveler旅-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -行者11.【复习】 be busy with sth.忙于（做）什么事情be busy doingsth.忙于（做）什么事情12.【复习】 try doing sth.试着去做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事try one s best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力去做某事13.【复习】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth.担忧某人、某事14. raise money集资,筹钱. raise money for为筹钱raise 【动词】举起.提高.募集15. keep 【动词】 keep+ 名词,保留（某物）.keep+ 形容词,保持 16.【形容词】 broken破旧的,出毛病的. blind 瞎的,失明的. deaf聋的. disabled有残疾的,丢失才能的.在句中做定语和表语. make it possible for sb. to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能,You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.make it + 形容词 +for sb. to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为.think/find it + 形容词 to do sth.18. make a difference to对有影响. 对有作用, difference前可以用 no, any, some, much等修饰,如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study.19. difficulty 【可数 /不行数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不行数.表示详细的 “难题、难事 ”时为可数.-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -have difficulty in doing sth.= have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难20. train 【动词】训练, trained 为过去分词,可做定语,意为“受过训练的 ”a trained dog21. be excited about sth.对某事感到兴奋,Everyone is excited about the good news.【复习】 excited意为兴奋的,修饰人. exciting意为令人兴奋/兴奋的,修饰物.22. order 【名词】命令,指示.次序,次序【动词】订购.点（菜）follow the order.23. change 【动词】变化,转变Its hard for a person to change his lifestyle.【名词】变化.零钱change A for B用 A 换成 B： When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB. repair【动词】修理,修补.fix 【动词】安装.使固定【fix up 修理=repair 】-可编辑修改 -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载