2022年秦汉宦官制度研究.docx

精品_精品资料_秦汉宦官制度讨论 今人余华青 （ Research on eunuch system inQin and Han Dynasties Yu Huaqing）Author: Yu Huaqing editor: studa9ngnsAbstract the newly discovered Qin lute, there are a lot of eunuch system important information of Qin and Western Han Dynasty, and put forward a new research topic related, will further promote the in-depth development of the eunuch system of the Qin and Han dynasty.Keywordsmudcapeunuch eunuch institutionsystem inQin and Han Dynastiestext Study on Qin officer system, often hate historical scarce, especially the Qin Dynasty eunuch system historical materials, is very rare in the history of ancient. Recently,a number of very important value for Qin Guan mudcap scholars deliveredfrom oppression,attentionand stronginterest.This batch of lute, which has a number of important information ofQin and the eunuch system in the early Western Han dynasty.First, the ancient eunuch system in China had a long history. As far as Qin is concerned, as early as the spring and Autumn period, the records of eunuchs have been used, 1.To the Warring States period and Qin after the unification of Qin Dynasty, the eunuch institutions of the system has been established. Han Cheng Qin system, the Western Han Dynasty especially the early Western Han Dynasty of the eunuchinstitutionsare mostlyQin Dynastyand along.About theeunuch可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_institutionsQin and earlyWestern Han Dynasty,"Han" although Baiguan Gongqing table has been introduced, but did notelaborate. This newly discovered lute, are related to the number of institutions and agencies or may eunuch eunuchrelated.Thiswill undoubtedlyprovideimportantevidence for us to further investigate and understand the eunuchinstitutionsinQin and earlyWestern Handynasty.The luteare: "Yong Xiang", "Xiang Yong Cheng Yin", "Huan Zhecheng India", "Zhong Guan Cheng India", "Fu Cheng India", "palace of ChenCheng Yin", "from the temple", "Si Cheng from India, the room from the temple", "in", "Royal Palace India", "Royal PalaceCheng India","privatemansion ChengIndia","stable","stable Cheng India", "horse stables in the house" and "Zhongche FuCheng", "Fu Indiainshame" and "shame ChengIndia","NorthHuanChengGong", "BeiGongSicheng","highofficialchapter","high Huan Cheng chapter", "Shang Yi", "bath", "bath house is Indiaand so on. Now the lute explanations were as follows. On the "Yong Xiang", "Xiang Yong Cheng india". According to the "HanBaiguan Gongqing table",government departmentofQin officer,the officer Youyong lane to make Cheng, Han Yong Xiang will renamed this. "Han Baiguan" cloud, Han Yong Xiang Court consists of two officers, "officer Yong Xiang Dian Shi maidservant", this "harem elegant palm female thing", both to make Cheng by the eunuchs, with government officials. TheeternallaneofQin and Western Han Dynastywas undoubtedlythe institution of the eunuch. According to Yan Shigu note, YongLane original meaning is: "forever, long also, this is thepalaceoflonglanealso"2."Threeauxiliaryyellowmap" also has the samerecords. Thatisto say,"eternal lane" refersto the long lane in the palace, and is also the name of a eunuch institution. Since the original meaning of "Yong lane" means可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_"longlaneinthepalace",because thereare longalleysineach palace, there is not only one place for setting up the eunuchinstitutionintheimperialpalace.The "Han" Baiguan Gongqing, in addition to government officials to Youyong Xiang Cheng,Queen of the palace officer Shu Guanzhong Zhan Shi also make ChengXiang yong.IntheHan Dynasty palaceearlierdescription printedwith"longletterYong Xiang","Chu Cheng Yong Xiang", the empress palace and the palace as a permanent institutionXiangprinces.As the"eternallane"ofthepalace,therecords of Qin Dynasty have been recorded in the literature of Qindynasty. "Shihchi fanhui biography" cloud: "fanhui was foundin the most detailed pretend do not know in which Wang Yong Xiang, and official anger by the". This means that the Long Xiang Qin palace. As a permanent gateway in the sense of the eunuch organization, many historical records of the past hold that Qin has been set up, but no concrete examples have been found before. The "Yong Xiang", "Xiang Yong Cheng India" seal that confirms the adequacy of Qin is the official. On the"official Zhechengindia".The officialDepartmentof general general of eunuch eunuch at the time, is also the name of aeunuch institution.Accordingtothe"Han" isBaiguan Gongqing,government officialshave officialtomakeCheng, beginningthe first year of emperor government adjustment mechanism, tofurther clarify the seven order under Cheng huan.As the "official" eunuch general term, often seen in the QinQin Dynastyorthehistoricalrecords.For example,theWarring States period to the Qin king, fanhui Qin Wang pretended notenter Yong Xiang, lead to official anger, then with the"official fan for the word" 3. Again, "Qin Shihuang Shih" records: the first emperor died out on the way, the Prime可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Minister Li Si decided a secret for the time being, "Zhao Gaoand son Hu Hai,fortunately,officialfiveorsixknow death".The "official" is any eunuch eunuch. As for the eunuchinstitution official, although the relevant records in the Han Dynasty and the Warring States Qin Zhao, no clear examples. Some scholars have pointed out: "the Warring States and Han haveofficialcommander, Qin Rongalsohave,butthebook isnotthe official language of Qin was" 4. The "official ZhechengIndia" seal that apparently can make up for each book showingthe words "regret. "Huan Zhecheng India" lute, had also seen record. "On a roll" lute recorded "Huan Zhecheng India" lute.Teacher Chen Zhipointedout:"Han Baiguan Gongqing table"the seven load Huan Cheng, "this is only a lute as emperor Cheng,too early before the official" 5, see very right. The newlydiscovered "Huan Zhecheng India" s more in the lute, as early as in "lute Dynasty" recorded "Huan Zhecheng India" lute. On the "official Cheng India", "Fu Cheng India", "house of ChenCheng india".The officialsaid,as a eunuch,oftenseen inthe historical records. Such as "after the Han Dynasty, theofficial biography": "in the official right, since the beginning of Yan Zhengzhou." And as the "Han ho into biography": "in the official guide ban, since ancient times,the Chinese story, can not waste." However, here's "official Cheng India" in the "official", is obviously not the eunuch general name, but a eunuch institutions. As the eunuch institutions official historical records, no literature.Before inthe descriptionis "theofficial sealofQin andHan Dynasties, Nishinomiya official", "official seal", "theofficialgovernment acts"etc.The functionand designoffice,are described here the official line marked the organization name. "Fu Cheng" and "Chen Gong Cheng" has no records, or可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_related institutions as the eunuch. About "from the temple", "Si Cheng from India, the room from the temple". "Temple" through the "paternity" word, "temple from" should be the attendant. The more as a general term, as an institution or official name was found in historical records. The lute "fromTemple",isnota generalname, buta kindoforganizationand official.The preQin era"eunuchs"was a commonofficialname will be after the eunuch, eunuch eunuch generally referred toas terahito. Here the "Temple of unknown stemming from",whetherthedevelopment and evolutionofthe officialterahito. The Imperial Palace Museum "from the temple city of Qin andIndia,Mr Luo Fuyisaid:"whenistheofficialfrom the temple."6 from the lute. The temple is not only from a singleinstitution,and insomeotherinstitutionssuchas rooms are from the official Temple set. About the insiders". Accordingtothe"Han"isBaiguan Gongqing,government officialshave inorder. The charge and set about in the Western Han Dynasty, scholars have conducted according to Literature and cultural relics research 7. However, Qin is a party, is an express.The "inside"lutefound thatwithininstitutionsistheWestern Han Dynasty by Qin inherited along the home. On the "RoyalPalace India", "Royal Palace Cheng india". The Han Dynasty isa government officertotheroyalhouse.Accordingtothe"Han Baiguan" this note, the royal house order by the eunuchs. QinYufu also found in historical records. According to the"Tongdian - eight" official: "royal palace to Qin Cheng, Zhang for the imperial service, which belongs to the government. Han and palm Huan, code officer servants, in clothes." Accordingto the literature, the actual control of the royal house is not limited to this, but also includes money, governance and other aspects of the treasures. About "private Fu Cheng india".可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Accordingtothe"Han Baiguan Gongqing table",thequeen ofthe palaceofficerGianlucaisofficialprivateofficeorder."Han Baiguan",Queen's palaceofficerlongautumn isa palaceinthe palace to private officer Cheng, are eunuchs, its duties as a"master in the possession of the money,You are the main tailoring is made up of". Scope of nature,statusand dutiesforprivatehouse,and royalpalaceisroughly.Only the Royal House Department is mainly for governmentofficials,privatehouse isthemonarch; Zhan Shi orlongautumn Han Emperor, Gianluca officer, and belongs to the line andrenamed the Changqiu is official, mainly for the Queen's service. In the Empress Dowager palace system, there are also private institutions set up. "On a roll" lute recorded "Long Cheng private letter" seal, private is private Fu Cheng Chengof the province. Private houses, including private, private, private and official names. Qin Fu private no historical records, the "private mansion Cheng India" lute that cancertainlymakeup forthelackofhistoricaldata,thatprivate institutionshave setqin.A "stable"and "stableChengIndia", "Ma Fu inthestables".Accordingtothe"Han Baiguan Gongqing table", the queen of the palace officer Gianluca is officialto have stable. "The queen said in the palace 8, so this is also called the stable in the stable. "In the stables, where the queen and also" 9. In his name, in the literature, but also in of. "Stable Ma Fu" is not recorded. In the previousdescription "in Ma Fu Qin seal". About "Zhongche Fu cheng".Accordingtothe"Han Baiguan Gongqing table",istheofficialcarTaiputomakeCheng fu.The Qin Dynastyeunuch Zhao Gaoceng Ren "Fuling car". Some scholars believe that: "all the booksare called Qin officials' car office order ', and Zhao Gaodu可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_called the" Fuling car ", with high cover for people is 10. That Zhao Gao became the official car house, because of its identity and before the eunuch eunuch palace to the car "in"Guanming called "Fuling car". However, according to "China Fu Cheng" seal that in addition to a government official car toTaipu Cheng, when another car house agency. China governmentshould be the same as in the stables, belong to the Queen's palace officer system. In the stables, or by horses; Zhongche house, or in a tube car. About "shame Fu India", "Cheng India in shame". According to the "Han Baiguan Gongqing table", the water balance is a shame that the Imperial officer Wei cheng.Shame is the beginning of the imperial government, after the water balance, there are two. Such as Chun and Yan Shigu Zhu note in "Royal shame" as the name, Mr. Chen Zhi suspected its note "fear not, this is the Royal Royal shame culture" 11.This newly discovered "lute, Royal shame Cheng India, and" shame Fu India "," Cheng India in shame". The "this" word for word "shame". This proves that Mr. Chen's conjecture is absolutely correct. The shy, in charge of the imperial palaceisa meal ofraw materialsinthistransaction.Inshamepalace, when the queen is in charge of this house catering affairsagency materials. No literature has been found in the ashamed mansion. The "Han Baiguan Gongqing table" cloud, Queen palace officer officer officer Gianluca is Lingcheng. In the palaceof the officer Lingcheng when director palace in the diet and in government affairs, shame should be in charge of this meal palace in the supply of raw materials business, like the difference between the two division. In the previousdescriptionofsimilarQin chops,otherwise"bankshamehouse" and "Chinese seal". About "Bei Gong Huan Cheng", "Bei Gong Sicheng". This newly discovered "lute, Minamimiya Ro Cheng",可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_"NorthPalace"on Nangong, Northpalaceofficialofficialname of lute. The "North Gongcheng Palace", "Bei Gong Yicheng" BeiGong Moucheng the lute has five kinds, and the eunuch institutions clearly related to which "Huan Cheng Bei Gong", "Bei Gong Sicheng". According to the relevant literature, Qin has Nangong, North palace. Weiyang Palace in the west of theHan Dynastyand theNorthPalaceinthenortheast.Here's"Huan ChengBei Gong", whenthe Northpalaceofficial,ChengWen, "Bei Gong Sicheng" for the North Province of the private sector Fucheng. Northpalaceofficialand privateChengBei GongFu Cheng, have notbeen documented. InthedescriptionoftheQin Dynasty seal "the North private library India, or is the North PalaceIndia Private library. Both the "private library", the queen palace official system. On the "high official chapter", "Huan Cheng high chapter". Chapter house is obviously high, but no historical records a chapter house. "Huan Cheng" of theZhecheng Huan province.About "Shang Yi","stillbath","still bath", "government seal"". According to the relevantliteraturerecords:"Qin setsixstill,thatisstillthecrown,Shang Liang, Shang Liang, Shang Mu, Shang Ting, Shang shu." 12.According to our "note" cloud: "five is in namely, food, clothing, and is still the highest still account, Shang xi."In the cultural relics, there are examples in this house with Guanmingago,such as "Yongleis,"crown "sealofNangongShang bath"India,"Weiyang isbathhouse"candletrayetc.Mr.Chen had speculatedthatfiveoftheprovinceswere stillsuspected ofbelongingtothegreatlongautumn 13.The officialduties when their house names match on the surface meaning, but is completely by castrated eunuchs such office is difficult to可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_