2022年非谓语动词学案 .docx

精品_精品资料_高二英语课堂学案非谓语动词Name:Group主动语态被动语态否认式句法功能可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一般进行式完成式一般式完成式式主 宾 表 定 状 补可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_动词不定 to do式to be doingto have doneto be doneto have been donehaving前面直接加 not 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_动词ingdoing-havingdonebeing donebeen done 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_过去done vt.被动完成 risenvi 主分词 动完成 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_注： 1.动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行.进行式所表示的动作正在进行.而完成式所表示的动作就在谓语动词的动作之前发生.2.动词 ing 的一般式所表示的动作在谓语动词之前、后或同时进行要看语境.而完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生.He came here to borrow a book.I pretended to be reading when mother came in.She is said to have been sent to Europe on business Being a student, he was interested in books.Having done his homework, he went to bed. The question being discussed is important. 一不定式和 -ing 形式作主语的区分1. -ing 和不定式都可以作主语, -ing 作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示详细的或一次性的将来动作.Smoking is forbidden here这里禁止抽烟. 抽象 Learning a foreign language is very useful.It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好. 详细2. 不定式做主语,一般用 it 当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置. 常见句型有 it is adj. of/for sb. to do sth.It took will and patience to do anything well. It is nice of you to say so.3.-ing 在“ It is no use/ no good/useless + doi,ngIt is funa great pleasure, a waste of time ”结构中作主语, it 为形式主语.It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters写. 信给他不妥,他从来不回信.It is a waste of time trying to explain1. a language requires time and effort.A. LearnB. LearningC. learnedD. Being learned2. It is not always easyinvitations.A. to refuseB. refusingC. to be refusedD. being refused3. now seems impossible.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. Saving moneyB. saved moneyC. Being saved moneyD. To be saved money 4.To answer correctly is more important than A. a quick finishB. to finish quicklyC. finishing quicklyD. you finish quickly5. How the problem will be discussed atomorrow mseeting.A. to solveB. to be solved C. being solvedD. solving6. It was politethe child to give up his seat to the elderly woman. A. forB. ofC. toD. with7. Is it necessarythe book immediately.A. for him to returnB. that he returns C. his returningD. of him to return8. Itforty-five minutesthere by bus.A. cost, to getB. takes, getting C. takes, to getD. takes, to get to9. the assignment made his father lose his temper. A. The boy s not having donBe. The boy not having doneC. The boy s ihnagvnot doneD. The boy having not done二不定式和 ing 形式作宾语的区分1.-ing 形式作宾语通常表示一般的、常常性的行为,而不定式 作宾语表示特定的、详细的、一次性动作I like swimming , but I don t like to swim today.2. 1有些动词或短语要求只接不定式作宾语：help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, promise, wish, pretend, expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare, manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire, elect, long 等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语.2有些动词或短语只接 ing 作宾语：admit 承认 . excuse 原谅 . practise 练习. appreciate 观赏. finish完成. prevent 防止. avoid 防止. forgive 宽恕. delay 耽搁. imagine 想象. keep 保留. risk 冒险. dislike 厌恶. mind 在意. miss 错过. suggest 建议. enjoy 喜爱. cant stand忍不住. feel like 想要.give up 舍弃. put off 推迟.object to 反对; look forward to 期望, keep on始终, set about着手, She finished reading the book 看完这本书 yesterday.Will you admit having broken the window. 你承认不承认打破了窗户？He put off making a decision till he had more information. Do you feel like taking a walk.你要不要去漫步？We arelooking forward tocoming to China.我们期望着来中国.Do you mind my smoking in the room？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？I don t wantlike Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.A. to soundB. to be soundedC. soundingD. to have soundedIt is difficult to imagine histhe decision without any consideration.A. acceptB. acceptingC. to acceptD. acceptedIn some parts of London, missing a bus meansfor another hour.A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting类似的学问点要记牢.1remember to do sth.记住要做2forget to do sth.忘了已做过的事forget doing sth.遗忘要做某事34mean to do sth.准备,想要 mean doing 意味着,意思是5try to do sth.努力做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事67consider doing 考虑做某事 consider sb. to do 认为某人做某事8stop to do 停下来,要做另一件事不定式作目的状语stop doing 停止做动名词作宾语9go on to do 接着做另一件事不定式作目的状语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_go on doing 连续做同一件事动名词作宾语10 be used to do 被用来做某事Be used to doing 习惯于做某事4. want ,need,require 接动名词表示被动意义,接不定式就要用被动式,这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系These young trees require looking after =to be looked after.The matter needs thinking over=to be thought over.5. 有些动词后要用 “疑问词不定式 ”结构作复合宾语It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows.A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with itI can t standwith Jane in the same office. She just refusestalking while she works.A. working , stoppingB. to work, stoppingC. working, to stopD. to work , to stopIsn't it time you got down tothe papers.A. markB. be markedC. being markedD. markingThere is a new problem involved in the popularity of private carsroad conditions need.A. that, to be improvedB. which , to be improvedC. where, improvingD. when, improvingSusan wanted to be independent of her parents. She triedalone, but she didn ltike it and moved back home. A. livingB. to liveC. to be livingD. having livedAll the staff in our company are consideringto the city centre for the fashion show.A. to goB. goingC. to have goneD. having gone三作宾补时 ,三者的区分1.有些动词接不定式作宾补： 和宾语有主谓关系强调动作将发生或已经完成.表一次性动作wish, want, ask, require/request,order, warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect, remind,encourage, inspire, call on, depend onsb to do留意： advise/allow/permit/forbid +sb. to doadvise/allow/permit/forbid +doing作宾语时He asked me to finish it in time.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.see sb. do此类动词仍有 hear, listen to watch, observe have find feel notice look at sme等ll doingdoneWhen I came in, I saw her dancing happily. 主动进行I saw him go to the cinema.主动,全过程We heard her singing next door. 主动进行I heard the song sung in English many times.3. make + oneself + doneHe raised his voice in order to make himself heard.他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话.The teacher asked usso much noise.A. don t makeB. not makeC. not makingD. not to makeExcuse me sir, where is Room 301. Just a minute. I ll have Bobyou to your room.A. showB. showsC. to showD. showingA cook will be immediately fired if he was foundin kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smokedTo learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we can.A. speakB. speakingC. spokenD. to speak可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_四做表语时三者的区分1.不定式作表语一般表示详细动作,特殊是表示将来的动作.My job is to help the patient. 说明主语详细内容His wish is to buy a sleeping car in the near future 2 -ing 形式作表语：表示抽象的、一般性的行为. 说明主语详细内容,主表可换位His hobby is collecting stamps Her job is looking after the child.表“令人如何如何 ”主语所具有的特点 ,如： astonishing exciting moving surprising tiringinteresting amusing shocking worrying His report is interesting.The music sounds exciting.3 V-ed：主语所处的状态表“让人感到如何如何 ”如：astonished excited moved surprised tired interested disappointed drunk frightened married confused pleased puzzled satisfied等The cups are broken.She is interested in the job.Tom sounds very muchin the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it.A. interestedB. interestingC. interestinglyD. interestedlyPlease remain;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A. seatingB. seatedC. to seatD. to be seated五作定语时 ,三者的区分1.不定式作定语表将来的动作且后置,假设为动宾关系,动词须为及物动词,常常修饰代词anything/something/noting,名词 chance/ opportunity 等 或由序数或形容词最高级修饰的名词.You are the third one to enter the room.I have something important to say.I need a pen to write with.The question to be discussed tomorrow will be important.2.-ing 作定语 多位于其前表示其性能、用途无时间性可换为for+doingHe has a reading room.a sleeping cara car for sleeping表正在进行主谓关系即主动进行,可换为定语从句;a sleeping boyThe girl gathering flowers is beautiful.The question being discussed now is important.3.过去分词作定语有动宾关系,表完成即被动完成,可换为定语从句.a broken cupThe question discussed yesterday is important.All the people invited to the meeting are VIP.All the people who are invited to the meeting are VIP. 留意： 不定式作定语被 the first/next/only/last 等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后.例如： She is always the first one to come and the last to leave. 假如作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.例如： Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.We have nothing to worry about.=There is nothing for us to worry about. 不定式作定语修饰一个在规律上是其宾语名词时,假设在句子中能找到该不定式的规律主语,就该不定式多用主动表被动,否就,用被动式.例如： I have a lot of things to do today. I . do . thingsHave you got anything to say at the meeting. you. say . anything Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.If there is a lot of work, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.A. to doB. to be doingC. doneD. doingWhen I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person.A. to sendB. for sending itC. to send it toD. for sending it to可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The last onepays the meal.Agreed.A. arrivedB. arrivesC. to arriveD. arrivingThe Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Gamesin Beijing in 2022.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are picturesin your mind instead of before your eyes.A. to formB. formC. formingD. having formedCan thoseat the back of the classroom hear me. No problem.A. seatB. sitC. seatedD. satThe Town Hallin the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed The pictureon the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung六. 作状语时 ,三者的区分1 不定式作状语通常表示 缘由谓动之前 目的谓动之后 可用 so as to/in order to替换 结果/程度意想不到的结果,常为 only to do so as to, too toWe were very excited to hear the news 缘由To get there on time I got up very early.目的He travelled around the world to give lectures. 目的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there. You are so kind as to come here .结果可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2-ing 或过去分词作状语通常表示 缘由时间条件让步结果相伴逗号主语一样性. -ing 表主动,过去分词表被动 Hearing a sound ,the baby stopped crying.缘由Given an apple, the child stopped crying. 条件Not having received any news from home for a long time ,she is becoming more and more homesick.缘由When/If heated, ice will be changed into water. 条件Seen from the top of the mountain, the village looks very small. 时间Being very small, computers are widely used. 缘由His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 结果The teacher entered the room ,followed by some students伴.随3. 已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词短语不需要遵守这条附着规章常见的的有： considering 鉴于 /考虑到 , judging by/from 从 来看,依据 来判定 , supposing that 假定, providing that 假定,according to 依据,including 包括,owing to 由于,talking/speaking of 谈及 given 考虑到 , provided that 假如He hurried to the booking office only that all the tickets has been sold out.A. to be toldB. to tellC. toldD. tellingOil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reached B. reachingC. to reachD. to be reachingThe storm left ,a lot of damage to this area .A. causedB. to have causedC. to causeD. having caused“You cant catch me.” Janet shouted,away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ranto reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failedaround the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2022 Olympic GamA. Having shownB. To be shownC. Having been shownD. To show可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. DressedB. To dressC. DressingD. Having dressedinto use in April2022, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.A. PutB. PuttingC. Having putD. Being put七、非谓语动词特殊用法： 一.以下情形用不定式：.sth. be adjharddifficulteasyheavy to doThe question is difficult to answer.sb. have sth. to doI have a lot of work to do.There be sth.to doto be doneThere is nothing to talk about.find thinkfeelconsidermakebelieve it adj to do sthThere is no need to do.He has no choice but to lie down and sleep. She did nothing but cry.二在“have difficulty trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time +in + doing . be busy in+doing. There is no point in + doing等结构中”,in 常要省去.The children are busy doing their homework孩. 子们忙于做作业.There is no point in making the simple experiments once again再. 做一次这种简洁的试验是毫无意义的.三在 beworth 后面只能用 -ing 的主动态来表示被动意义.His suggestion is worth considering此, 句可转换成：His suggestion is worthy to be considered.四、catch + sb doing撞见某人正在做某事 I caught a man stealing my purse.五固定搭配：必需用 -ed 做状语be located inbe fixed onbe buried inbe lockedbe lost in thoughtbe dressed in be caught in the rainbe separated from be satisfied withbe seatedbe engaged in be armed with eg. Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.六独立成分作状语Generally speaking一般来说judging from依据来判定Frankly speaking 坦白的说considering 考虑到To tell you the truth 说实话七特殊规律主语及复合结构1. 特殊结构： 1 It +be +adj +for sb to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样 ”.此处形容词描述事情.Eg. It is very important for us to learn English.2 It +be +adj +of sb to do sth 表示“做某事某人怎么样 ”此处形容词描述人的品质、 修养等.Eg.It is kind of you to help me.八独立主格结构1. 规律主语 +doing/doneWeather permitting, I ll go to the park with my parents on Sunday.假如天气答应,星期天我将和爸妈去公园.All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.考虑到全部的情形,原先方案好的旅行不得不取消.2. There being +名词代词如：There being nothing else to do, we went home.There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.3. It being +名词代词如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.由于今日是假日,全部商店都关门了.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recentat the end of last March.A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launchedD. to be launchedThe children went home from the grammar school, their lessonsfor the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished九、不定式的省略Whats the matter with Della. Well, her parents wouldnhtearllto go to the party, but she still _.A. hopes toB. hopes soC. hopes notD. hopes forWould you like to join