2022年高考英语时态语态总结 .docx
精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1. 一般现在时十六种时态可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用法: A 表示现在发生的动作、情形、状态和特点.B 习惯用语.C) 常常性、习惯性动作.例: He always helps others.(他总是帮忙别人. )D) 客观事实和普遍真理.特殊要留意,假如前后文不是一般现在时,就无法保持主句、从句时态一样.E) 表示一个按规定、方案或支配要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开头、终止、连续”师名等动词 可以与表示将来时间的状语搭配使用.常见用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式.归例: The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火车今日下午3点开车.)纳总How often does this shuttle bus run.(这班车多久一趟?)|结F在时间和条件状语从句里常常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情.大|例: When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的肚时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了.)有,容2.现在进行时 be doing用法:现在正在进行的动作.容3.现在完成时 have done习学用法: A 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成.困例: I bought a new house, but Imy old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.难之A didn't sell B sold C haven't sold D would sell答案( C,事B 表示从过去某时刻开头,连续到现在的动作或情形,并且有可能会连续连续下去.此时常常用连续性动词.学时间状语常用 since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或 by 加一个现在时间.业有例: Great as Newton was, many of his ideastoday and are being modified by the work of成,scientists of our time.上更A are to challengeB may be challengedC have been challengedD are challenging一全句意思是: “虽然牛顿是个宏大的人物,但他的很多见解直到今日仍在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作层楼所修正.”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应是被动语态.动作连续到今日,所以要用现在完成时态.可见答案是C) have been challenged.A are tochallenge和 D are challenging都是主动语态,不行能是答案.B may be challenged虽是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,不对.C 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情形.通常用点动词,如: arrive, begin, find, give, lose等.例: John has broken his left leg.约翰摔断了左腿.留意事项: A现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带.现在完成时和过去时的区分在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响.过去时只表示过去的某个详细时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系.例: He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年.这只是叙述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了.)He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了 8年.表示他从过去开头工作,始终工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作.)B) 由于含有 for加一段时间或 since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和连续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬时动词.例: My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(终端动词)My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以连续)C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third time that " 句型里要求用完成时.例: This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the InternationalExhibition.(这是我公司产品其次次参与国际展览会.)D) 句型 "It is/ has been since"所使用的两种时态都正确.例: It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了.)E) 在"no sooner than" 、"hardly/scarcely when"、"before"、"priorto" 等句型中,主句要求完成时.例: I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授. )4. 现在完成进行时 have been doing用法:表示某一动作开头于过去某一时间,连续或重复的显现至今,或将连续连续至将来.例: We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们始终在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了. )留意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去 到现在的时间里,动作或状态始终连续或始终反复显现.例:( 1997年6月四级第 45 题) Itseems oil from thispipeforsome time.We'llhave to take可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_the machine apart to put it right.A) had leakedB is leakingC leakedD has been leaking从此题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是:“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障.”其次句表示将要实行的措施.第一句动作发生在其次句之前,并且连续到现在为止仍在连续.因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时.D has been leaking是现在完成进行时,因此是此题的答案.有11%的考生误选了 B is leaking.由于本句有时间状语for some time,表示谓语动作连续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必需用和完成时有关的时态.有些考生误选了C leaked或 A had leaked.是由于他们没有留意到此题其次句是一般师名将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时.归5.一般过去时纳总用法: A 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情形.|结B 表示过去习惯性动作.特殊是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时.大|例: The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing肚anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在安静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数有容个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈.)容,He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周探望一次他的母亲.)习学C 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种动听、客气、礼貌、商议的语气.困例: I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car.(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)难之Would you mind my sitting here.(您介意我坐在这里吗?),事留意事项:A 留意时间状语的搭配. 一般过去时的时间状语应当是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday,学last month, in 1999, two days ago等,确定不行与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因业有为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应当用现在完成时或一般现在时.成,B used to do 的否定形式和疑问形式很特殊:你怎么写都正确. 以否定形式为例: used not to do, didn'tused上更to do, didn't use to do都对.一Used to do常常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比.前者表示" 过去常常或过去曾经 " ,要求加动层楼词原形.后者表示 " 习惯于 " ,要求加名词或动名词.6. 过去完成时 had done用法: 表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态.就是我们常说的:表示" 过去的过去的动作或状态 ".Until then, his familyfrom him for six months.A) didn't hear C hasn't heard B hasn't been hearing D hadn't heard全句的意思是: “到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了.”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作连续 到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时.答案是D.其它选项中: A didn'thear ,由于一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months连用. B hasn't been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻连续到现在或现在仍在进行的动作,与题意不符.C hasn't heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作.而题中的then 只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间.留意事项:“过去的过去”这种规律关系常通过上下文表达出来,而不肯定受某个时间状语的限制. 例: There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on thefloor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,由于我们打开前门进来时,我留意到的板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟. )分析: 虽然时间状语是 justnow,好像应当使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里” 这个状态是在 " 开门 " 和" 留意 " 这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应当用过去完成时.7. 过去将来时 would/ should do用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事.例: I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于其次天拜望我的伴侣.) 事项:由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的,所以其留意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关留意事项.8. 过去进行时 was/ were doing用法: A 表示在过去一个比较详细的时间正在发生的动作.例: Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐. )B) 假如 when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,就另一个句子常用过去进行时.例: I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发.)留意事项:其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_9. 一般将来时用法: A 基本结构是 will / shall do.例: We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物.)B 有些动词,如: arrive,be close,come, do, done, go,have, leave,open, play,return,sleep,start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时.例: My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到 5月.)师名C 表示“准备去,要”时,可用be going to do.归例: This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的. )纳总D 表示“即将、刚要”时,可用be about to do.强调近期内或立刻要做的事.|结例: Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.别担忧,我立刻就给你做一次认真的检查大|E "be to do"的5种用法:肚a表示“按方案、支配即将发生某事或准备做某事”.有容例: She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在试验室见到她.)容习,b该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气. 学例: You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩困子们,你们必需上床睡觉,不准吵闹.我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了. )难之c能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may ),事例: How am I to pay such a debt.(我怎么可能仍得起这么大的一笔债了?)学d不行防止将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情.业有例: I assure you that the matteras quickly as possible. Have a little patience.成,A. will be attendedB. will be attended toC. is attendedD. is attended to上更will be attended to关键的一点是: attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必需与to连用.另外,一从上下文看,事情明显尚未解决,所以应当用将来时的被动语态.答案是B.层楼e用于条件从句“假如想,设想”(接近 if want to,或 if should )例: Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage avoided.A is to beB can beC will beD has been答案是 A is to be.全句的意思是: “假如要防止食品短缺,就必需作出更大努力来增加农业产量.”F同样可以表示“刚要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing.例: The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教练想要舍弃这场竞赛了,由于对方已经射进了7个球.)例: I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我期望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了.)10. 将来进行时 will be doing用法:强调在将来的某个详细时间正在发生的动作或事情.例: Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time. (别担忧,你不会认不出她的.她到时会穿一件红色的T 恤衫和一条白色的短裙. )留意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的留意事项,可参考" 一般将来时 "和" 现在进行时 " 的有关留意事项.11. 将来完成时 will have done用法:表示从将来的某一时间开头、连续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态.就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样.其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关.此题考核谓语动词的时态. 全句的意思是:“会议从开头到终止将连续整整一个星期.”句中 by the timeitends 表示动作要连续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时.答案是B will have lasted.假如选 A ,由于情态动词must 后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种确定估计,而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends 而非 by the time it ended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误.Would 虽可以表示估计或可能性,但would last 不能表示连续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C would last错误.由于 D has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在 为止已经完成的动作,不能表示连续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_留意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的留意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关留意事项.12) 将来完成进行时:( shall have been doing,will have been doing)例: By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.(到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停的进行了3年了.)(被动语态)13) 过去完成进行时:( had been doing)例: The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year师名old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我 10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回归了.)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作始终在反复进行.)(被动语态)纳总14过去将来进行时:(should be doing , would be doing)|结例: The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承诺说其次年7月大|将有一条新的高速大路正在修建.)(此句的时间状语是详细的将来时间,所以最好用将来进行时.)(被动语态)肚15过去将来完成时:(should have done , would have done)有容例: I believedby the end of thatyear an advanced versionof thatsoftwarewould have been developed,容,but I was wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来.但是我错了.)(此句为被动语态)习学16过去将来完成进行时: (should have been doing , would have been doing)困例: They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for难之3 years.(他们说到其次个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停的进行了3年了.)事, 学业高中英语被动语态总结有,成一、被动语态的构成形式上更1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由 be 过去分词构成,be 随时态的变化而变化.以一do 为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:层楼1 am/is/are +done 过去分词 一般现在时例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) has /have been done 现在完成时 例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done现在进行时 例 A new cinema is being built here4) was/were done一般过去时例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5) had been done过去完成时例 By the end of last year , another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6) was/were being done 过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there.7) shall/will be done一般将来时 例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8) should/would be done过去将来时 例 The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9) shall/will have been done将来完成时(少用) 例 The project will have been completed before July.10 ) should/would have been done过去将来完成时(少用)2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构.其形式为:情态动词be 过去分词.例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍旧保留在谓语后面.通常变为主语的是间接宾语. 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present byhis mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动.Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为T h eb o yw a s c a u g h tsm o k in gacigarette. 4)在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, he, afere,l observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式 to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加 to.例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the buildin可g改. 为 A star nger was seen to awlk into the building.5 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词介词”, “动词副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开.其中的介词或副词也不能省略.例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing形式及不定式 to do也有被动语态一般时态和完成时态.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载