现在完成时被动语态99512.pptx
1)1)现在完成时(have/has+(have/has+过去分词)现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用,如:yesterday,twoweeksago,in1978,whenIgotthere等,现在完成时常与already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not.yet,just等不表示明确1.复习两种时态（主动）第1页/共47页的时间副词连用,还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since,for的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如:now,today,thismonth,thisyear,recently,thesefewdays等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be,have,like,love,know,believe,hate等。一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况,与现在毫无关系。第2页/共47页2)现在完成进行时现在完成进行时(have/has+been+(have/has+been+现现在分词）在分词）1)一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are+过去分词）如:Theworkisdoneduringtwodays.2)一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+过去分词）2.2.七种被动语态形式七种被动语态形式第3页/共47页如:Hewassenttothehospitalimmediatelyaftertheaccident.3)一般将来时的被动语态(will/shall+be+过去分词或+begoingto+be+过去分词）如:Theworkwillbefinishedsoon.4)现在进行时的被动语态(is/am/are+being+过去分词）如:Thebridgeisnowbeingconstructed.第4页/共47页5)现在完成时的被动语态(have/has+been+过去分词）如:Theradiohasbeenrepairedwhenwephonedtheshop.6)带情态动词的被动语态(情态动词+be+过去分词)如:Thiscanbedoneinafewminutes.第5页/共47页7)动词不定式的被动式(tobe+过去分词)如:Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.第6页/共47页现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响,其构成是:have/hasbeen+donehave/hasbeen+done。例如：1.Thedirtyclotheshavebeenwashed.脏衣服都已经洗了。2.Theplanhasbeenstudiedbytheexpertsforthreetimes.这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态第7页/共47页3.ThechildhasbeentakencareofbyGrandmaWangalltheseyears.这些年来,这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。现在完成时被动态：现在完成时被动态：have/has+been+have/has+been+动词过去分词动词过去分词现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时：have/has+been+have/has+been+动词现在分词动词现在分词第8页/共47页它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上,被动态接的是过去分词形式,现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式。1.主语是行为动作的承受者。如：TheTempleofZhangFeihasbeenrebuilt.张飞庙已经过重建。第9页/共47页2.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如:Thedoorhasbeenlocked.门已经被锁上了。3.动作或状态始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去。如：Hehasbeentoldaboutitformanytimes.有人告诉他这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他）（我或别人现在进不去）第10页/共47页4.用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作。如：Wellstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.工作一完成我们就立即动身。第11页/共47页注意注意:1.副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:误Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.正Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.第12页/共47页2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态1)happen,take place,break out,belong to,take part in,cost,lasthappen,take place,break out,belong to,take part in,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：误GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.正GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.第13页/共47页2)open,break,dropopen,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：误Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.正Thedoorhasopenedofitself.3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.第14页/共47页4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：第15页/共47页Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?第16页/共47页(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。被动语态的用法被动语态的用法:第17页/共47页(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。如:ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。第18页/共47页(1)(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)(2)把谓语变成被动结构把谓语变成被动结构(be(be过去分词过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定态来决定bebe的形式的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法第19页/共47页(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。第20页/共47页4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。另一个保留不动。主动：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被动：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.第21页/共47页5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补保留不动,改称主语补足语。主动：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.第22页/共47页Underline the use of the present perfect voice in the following poem.Then Underline the use of the present perfect voice in the following poem.Then fill in the chart below.fill in the chart below.第23页/共47页Look at the way your face has been washedLook at the way your hair has been combedLook at the way your shoes have been cleanedYoud better do them again.Look at the way the flowers have been plantedLook at the way the grass has been cutLook at the way the paths have been sweptI hope that youll come here again.第24页/共47页Things that have been done wellThings that have been done badlythewaytheflowershavebeenplantedthewaythegrasshasbeencutthewaythepathshavebeensweptthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedthewayyourhairhasbeencombedthewayyourshoeshavebeencleaned第25页/共47页Readthispoemaloud,payingattentiontotherhythmandintonation.Thenwriteyourownpoem.Lookattheway_Lookattheway_Lookattheway_thetablehasbeenlaidtheglasseshavebeenplacedthefoodhasbeencookedYoudbetterdothemagain.possiblepoem:第26页/共47页Lookattheway_Lookattheway_Lookattheway_yourbedhasbeenmadeyourcarpethasbeensweptyourshoeshavebeentidiedIhopethatyoullcomehereagain.第27页/共47页Exercises1.Bothmybrotherworkatthepowerstationthat_inmyhometown.A.hassetupB.hasbeensetupC.wassetupD.issetup2._thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.Itold第28页/共47页3.Allthepreparationforthetask_,andwerereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeendone第29页/共47页4.-Howlong_atthisjob?-Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed第30页/共47页5.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday_yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided第31页/共47页6.Betty_injuredsincelastSaturday.A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.has第32页/共47页7.Thatbook_intoatleast20foreignlanguages.A.hassaidtobetranslatedB.hasbeensaidtohavetranslatedC.issaidthatithadbeentranslatedD.issaidtohavebeentranslated注:该句的句型是:Itissaidthat/people(they)saidthat/thatbookisItissaidthat/people(they)saidthat/thatbookissaidtosaidto根据句意是已经被译成了20多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。第33页/共47页8.Hi,Tom,youlooktired.-Ofcourse.I_thelivingroomallday.A.hadpaintedB.paintedC.havebeenpaintedD.havebeenpainting第34页/共47页9.-Did you move into the new house?-No.The rooms _ yet.A.were being painted B.are painting C.have not painted D.have not been painted 第35页/共47页10.Greatchanges_inmyhometownandalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;arebeingsetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.aretakenplace;hadbeensetupD.tookplace;willsetup第36页/共47页11.Itssaidthatthisbook_intoChinese.A.hadtranslatedB.hastranslatedC.wastranslatedD.hasbeentranslated12.Youcantmovein.Thehouse_.A.ispaintingB.isbeingpaintedC.haspaintedD.hasbeenpainted第37页/共47页13.Millionsofpoundsworthofdamage_byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.(2005重庆)A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencause第38页/共47页14.Haveyouever_totheexhibitionwhich_forthreeweeks?A.gone;hasbeenshownB.visited;shownC.been;hasbeenonshowD.went;lasted第39页/共47页15.-Howlongago_theseeggs_?-Perhaps15days.A.will;hatchB.did;hatchC.were;hatchedD.have;beenhatched第40页/共47页改错改错1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputer.第41页/共47页3.APChasbeenbuildedthewaywewanted.APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewanted.4.Ourcomputerjusthasbeenjoinedtotheinternet.Ourcomputerhasjustbeenjoinedtotheinternet.第42页/共47页5.Thecomputerwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.6.Alotofe-mailshadwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years.Alotofe-mailshavebeenwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years.第43页/共47页用被动语态改写下列句子。用被动语态改写下列句子。1.Theyhavefinishedtheconstructionofthenewrailwaylinesbynow.2.Wehavebuiltanewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschoolthisyear.The construction of the new railway lines The construction of the new railway lines has been finishedhas been finished by them by now.by them by now.A new library and a gymnasium A new library and a gymnasium have been builthave been built in our school this year by us.in our school this year by us.第44页/共47页3.Thecarfactoryhasproducedagreat3.Thecarfactoryhasproducedagreatmanyfinecarssincethemanyfinecarssincethetechnologicalrevolution.technologicalrevolution.AgreatmanyfinecarsAgreatmanyfinecarshavebeenproducedhavebeenproducedbythecarfactorysincethebythecarfactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.technologicalrevolution.第45页/共47页4.Theyhavemadeaplantohelpthepoorchildreninthepoorarea.5.ThegovernmenthasspentalotofmoneyontheHopeProject.A plan A plan has been madehas been made by them to help the poor children in the poor area.by them to help the poor children in the poor area.A lot of money A lot of money has been spenthas been spent on the Hope Project by the government.on the Hope Project by the government.第46页/共47页谢谢您的观看！第47页/共47页
