物流英语学习.pptx
chapter outline(1)Part I Material Handling SystemIntroduction of Material Handling SystemTypes of Material Handling SystemsMechanized Material Handling SystemsSemi-automated Material Handling SystemsAutomated Material Handling SystemsAutomated Storage/Retrieval Systems第1页/共50页chapter outline(2)Part II Mechanized Material Handling EquipmentIntroductionLift trucksWalkie-rider Pallet TrucksTowlinesTowtractor with trailersConveyorsCarousels第2页/共50页chapter outline(3)Part III Supplementary Reading Safety in Material HandlingWhat should workers know before handling materialPotential hazards for workersPrecautions should be taken when moving materials manuallyPrecautions should be taken when moving materials mechanicallySafety measures regarding conveyorsSafety Precautions for operating powered industrial trucks第3页/共50页Introduction of aterial Handling SystemsMaterialhandlingequipmentsandsystemsoftenrepresentamajorcapitalinvestmentforanorganization.Likethedecisionsrelatedtothenumber,size,andlocationofwarehouses,materialhandlingcanaffectmanyaspectsofthefirmsoperation.TheMaterialHandlingInstitute,anindustrytradeassociationformanufacturersofmaterialhandlingequipmentsandsystems,hasestimatedthat:Part I Material Handling Systems第4页/共50页Thehardwareandsoftwareusedtomove,store,control,contain,andunitizematerialsinfactoriesandwarehousesexceed$50billionannually.Muchofthegrowthinsizeandvarietyofthemarketisfueledbymajorchangesintherequirementsofwarehouseanddistributionoperations(e.g.,reducedordercycletimes,reducedinventorylevels,reducedordersizes,SKUproliferation).第5页/共50页Types of Material Handling SystemsMaterialhandlingsystemcanbeclassifiedasmechanized,semi-automated,automated,andinformation-directed.Acombinationoflaborandhandlingequipmentisutilizedinmechanizedsystemstofacilitatereceiving,processing,and/orshipping.Generally,laborconstitutesahighpercentageofoverallcostinmechanizedhandling.第6页/共50页Automatedsystems,incontrast,attempttominimizelaborasmuchaspossiblebysubstitutingequipmentcapitalinvestment.Whenacombinationofmechanicalandautomatedsystemsisusedtohandlematerial，thesystemisreferredtoassemi-automated.Aninformation-directedsystemappliescomputerizationtosequencemechanizedhandlingequipmentanddirectworkeffort.Mechanizedhandlingsystemsaremostcommon,buttheuseofsemi-automatedandautomatedsystemsisincreasing.第7页/共50页Themaindrawbacktoautomatedhandlingislackofflexibility.Onefactorcontributingtolowlogisticalproductivityisthatinformation-directedhandlinghasnotyettoachieveitsfullpotential.Thissituationispredictedtobedramaticallychangedduringthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury.Mechanized Material Handling SystemsMechanizedmaterialhandlingequipmenthasbeenthemainstayofthetraditionalwarehousingandwilllikelycontinuetobeimportantevenwiththemovetowardautomatedwarehousing.Mechanizedmaterial 第8页/共50页handlingsystemsemployawiderangeofhandlingequipment.Suchequipmentcanbecategorizedaccordingtothefunctionsperformed,thatis,storageandorderpicking,transportationandsorting,andshipping.Semi-automated Material Handling SystemsMechanizedhandlingisoftensupplementedbysemiautomaticequipment.Typicalequipmentsutilized第9页/共50页insemi-automatedhandlingsystemsincludesautomatedguidedvehiclesystems(AGVS),computerizedsortation,roboticsandvariousformsofliveracks.Automated Material Handling SystemsForseveraldecadestheconceptofautomatedhandlinghasofferedgreatpotential.Initialautomatedhandlingeffortsfocusedonmastercartonorderselectionsystems.Recently,emphasishasshiftedtoautomatedhigh-risestorageandretrievalsystems.第10页/共50页Theappealofautomationisthatitsubstitutescapitalequipmentforlabor.Inadditiontorequiringlessdirectlabor,anautomatedsystemoperatesfasterandmoreaccuratelythanitsmechanizedcounterpart.Table8-1showsthebenefitsofautomatedmaterialhandlingsystems.第11页/共50页第12页/共50页However,automatedsystemsarenotwithoutdisadvantages.Itsshortcomingsarethehighcapitalinvestment,maintenancecosts,inflexibilityandusertraining.Automated Storage/Retrieval SystemsAnautomatedstorage/retrievalsystemforpalletsiscommonlyreferredtoasaunitloadAS/RS.第13页/共50页ItisdefinedbytheAS/RSproductsectionoftheMaterialHandlingInstituteasastoragesystemthatusesfixed-pathstorageandretrieval(S/R)machinesrunningononeormorerailsbetweenfixedarraysofstorageracks.AtypicalAS/RSoperationiscalledasinglecommand(SC)operation,involvingtheS/Rmachinespickingupaloadatthefrontofthesystem,transportingtheloadtoanemptylocation,deposingtheloadintheemptylocation,andreturningemptytotheinput/output(I/O)point.A第14页/共50页dualcommand(DC)operationinvolvestheS/RmachinepickingupaloadattheI/Opoint,travelingloadedtoanemptylocation,depositingtheload,travelingemptytotheI/Opoint,anddepositingtheload.Thekeyideaisthatinadualcommand,thetwooperations,astorageandaretrieval,areaccomplishedbetweensuccessivevisitstotheI/Opoint.Information-directed material handling System.第15页/共50页Theconceptofinformation-directedisappealingbecauseitcombinesthecontroltypicalofautomatedhandlingwiththeflexibilityofmechanizedsystems.Information-directedsystemsusemechanizedhandlingcontrolledbyinformationtechnology.Twocommonexamplesofinformation-directedmaterialhandlingsystemsareRF-controlledequipmentandlight-directedoperations.第16页/共50页New Words and Expressions第17页/共50页IntroductionTheprimarymissionofmaterialhandlingequipmentistofacilitatemerchandiseflowinanorderlyandefficientmannerfrommanufacturertopointofsale.Inthissectionthefocusofdiscussionisputonthemechanizedmaterialhandlingequipment.Thefollowingequipmentiscommonplaceinmanualwarehousing.PART II Mechanized Material Handling Equipment第18页/共50页Lift Trucks Lifttrucks,alsocalledforklifts,canmoveloadsofmastercartonsbothhorizontallyandverticallybutarenotlimitedtounitloadhandling.Boxesmayalsobetransporteddependinguponthenatureoftheproduct.Manytypesoflifttrucksareavailable.High-stackingtrucksarecapableofupto40feetofverticalmovement.Palletlessside-clampversionsareavailableforhandlingbulkyproductwithoutpallets.第19页/共50页Otherlifttruckvariationsareavailablefornarrowaisleandside-loadingoperations.Particularattentiontonarrow-aislelifttruckshasincreasedinrecentyears,aswarehousesseektoincreaserackdensityandoverallstoragecapacity.Thelifttruckisnoteconomicalforlong-distancehorizontalmovementbecauseofthehighratiooflaborperunitoftransfer;itismosteffectivelyutilizedinshippingandreceivingandplacingmerchandiseinhighcubestorage.第20页/共50页Walkie-rider pallet trucksWalkie-riderpallettrucksprovidealow-cost,effectivemethodofgeneralmaterialhandlingutility.Typicalapplicationsincludeloadingandunloadingoftransportationequipment,orderselectionandaccumulation,andshuttlingloadsoverlongertransportationdistancesthroughoutthewarehouse.Walkie-riderpallettrucksarewidelyusedingrocerywarehouse.第21页/共50页TowlinesTowlinesconsistofeitherin-floororoverhead-mountedcableordragdevices.Theyareutilizedtoprovidecontinuouspowertofour-wheeltrailers.Themainadvantageofatowlineiscontinuousmovement.However,suchhandlingdeviceshavefarlessflexibilitythanlifttrucks.Themostcommonapplicationoftowlinesisfororderselection.Orderselectorsplacemerchandiseonfour-wheeltrailersthatarethentowedtotheshippingdock.Anumberofautomateddecouplingdevicesareavailabletoroutetrailersfromthemaintowlinetotheshippingdocks.第22页/共50页Tow Tractor with TrailersAtowtractorwithtrailerconsistsofadriver-guidedpowerunittowinganumberofindividualfour-wheeltrailersthatholdseveralunitizedloads.Thetypicalsizeofthetrailersis4*8feet.Thetowtractorwithtrailer,likethetowline,isusedtofacilitateorderselection.Themainadvantageofatowtractorwithtrailersisflexibility.Itisnotaseconomicalasthetowlinebecauseitrequiresmorelabor.第23页/共50页ConveyorsConveyorsareusedwidelyinshippingandreceivingoperationsandformthebasichandlingdeviceforanumberoforderselectionsystems.Conveyorsareclassifiedaccordingtopower,gravity,androllerorbeltmovement.Inpowersystems,theconveyorispoweredbyadrivechainfromeitheraboveorbelow.Considerableconveyorflexibilityisofferedinsuchpowerconfigurationinstallations.Gravityandrolleror第24页/共50页beltsystemspermitthebasicinstallationtoberearrangedwithminimumdifficulty.Portablegravity-stylerollerconveyorsareoftenusedforloadingandunloadingand,insomecases,aretransportedonover-the-roadtrailerstoassistinunloadingvehicles.Conveyorsareeffectiveinthatonlytheproductismoved,eliminatingtheneedforamovementunittoreturn.Carousels第25页/共50页Acarouseloperatesonadifferentconceptthanmostothermechanizedhandlingequipment.Ratherthanrequiringtheorderselectortogototheinventorystoragelocation,thecarouselmovesinventorytotheorderselector.Acarouselconsistsofaseriesofbinsmountedonanovaltrackorrack.Theremaybemultipletracklevels,allowingforveryhigh-densitycarouselstorage.Theentirecarouselrotates,movingtheselectionbintoastationaryoperator.Thetypicalcarouselapplicationistheselectionofpackagesinpack,repack,andserviceparts.第26页/共50页Therationalebehindcarouselsystemsistoshrinkorderselectionlaborrequirementsbyreducingwalkinglengthandtime.Carousels,particularlymodernstackablesystems,alsosignificantlyreducestoragespacerequirements.Somecarouselsystemsalsoutilizecomputer-generatedpicklistsandcomputer-directedcarouselrotationtofurtherincreaseselectionproductivity.Thesesystemsarereferredtoaspaperlesspickingbecausenopaperworkexiststoslowdownemployeeefforts.第27页/共50页Avariationofthecarouselsystemismovableracks.Suchracksmovehorizontallytoeliminatethepermanentaislebetweentheracks.Thissystem,oftenusedinlibraries,providesmorestoragedensitybutreducespickingefficiencysincetheracksmustbemovedtoaccessspecificproducts.Themechanizedmaterialhandlingequipmentdiscussedisrepresentativeofawiderangeofalternatives.Mostsystemscombinedifferenthandlingdevices.Forexample,lifttrucksmaybeusedforverticalmovementswhiletowtractorwithtrailersandwalkie-riderpallettrucksaretheprimarymethodsofhorizontaltransfer.第28页/共50页New Words and Expressions 第29页/共50页 第30页/共50页PART III Supplementary ReadingSafety in Material HandlingIntroductionIntroduction HandlingandstoringmaterialsinvolveoperationsHandlingandstoringmaterialsinvolveoperationssuchasliftinguptonsofsteelwithacrane;drivingasuchasliftinguptonsofsteelwithacrane;drivingatruckloadedwithconcreteblocks;carryingbagsortruckloadedwithconcreteblocks;carryingbagsormaterialsmanually;andstackingpalletsorothermaterialsmanually;andstackingpalletsorothermaterialssuchasdrums,barrels,andlumber.materialssuchasdrums,barrels,andlumber.TheefficienthandlingandstoringofmaterialsareTheefficienthandlingandstoringofmaterialsare第31页/共50页veryimportanttoindustry.Unfortunately,theimproperhandlingandstoringofmaterialsoftenresultincostlyinjuries.Toreducethenumberofaccidentsassociatedwithworkplaceequipment,workersmustbetrainedintheproperuseoftheequipmenttheyoperate,includingsafelyandeffectivelyuseequipmentssuchaspoweredindustrialtrucks,conveyors,cranesandslings.第32页/共50页What Should Workers Know Before Handling Materials?Applyinggeneralsafetyprinciplessuchasproperworkpractices,equipment,andcontrolscanhelpreduceworkplaceaccidentsinvolvingthehandlingmaterials.Whethermovingmaterialsmanuallyormechanically,workersshouldknowandunderstandthepotentialhazardsassociatedwiththetaskathandandhowtocontroltheirworkplacestominimizethedanger.第33页/共50页Becausenumerousinjuriescanresultfromimproperlyhandlingandstoringmaterials,workersshouldalsobeawareofaccidentsthatmayresultfromtheunsafeorimproperhandlingofequipmentandfromimproperworkpractices.Inaddition,workersshouldbeabletorecognizethemethodsforeliminating,orminimizing,theoccurrenceofsuchaccidents.Workersshouldexaminetheirworkplacestodetectanyunsafeorunhealthfulconditions,practices,orequipmentandtakecorrectiveaction.第34页/共50页Potential Hazards for WorkersWorkersfrequentlymentiontheweightandbulkinessofobjectsthattheyliftasmajorfactorsoftheirinjuries.In1999,forexample,morethan420,000workplaceaccidentsresultedinbackinjuries.Bending,followedbytwistingandturning,werethemorecommonlymentionedmovementsthatcausedbackinjuries.Otherhazardsincludefallingobjects,improperlystackedmaterials,andvarioustypesofequipment.第35页/共50页Precautions Should be Taken When Moving Materials ManuallyWhenmovingmaterialsmanually,workersshouldattachhandlesorholderstoloads.Inaddition,workersshouldalwayswearappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipmentanduseproperliftingtechniques.Topreventinjuryfromoversizeloads,workersshouldseekhelpinthefollowing:第36页/共50页lWhenaloadissobulkythatworkerscannotproperlygrasporliftit,lWhenworkerscannotseearoundoroveraload,orlWhenemployeescannotsafelyhandleaload.Precautions Should be Taken When Moving Materials Mechanically第37页/共50页Usingmechanicalequipmenttomoveandstorematerialsincreasesthepotentialofinjuries.Workersmustbeawareofsafeequipmentoperatingtechniques.Employeesshouldavoidoverloadingequipmentwhenmovingmaterialsmechanicallybylettingtheweight,size,andshapeofthematerialbeingmoveddictatethetypeofequipmentused.Allmaterialhandlingequipmenthasratedcapacitiesthatdeterminethemaximumweighttheequipmentcansafelyhandleand第38页/共50页andtheconditionsunderwhichitcanhandlethatweight.Workersmustensurethattheequipmentcapacityisdisplayedoneachpieceofequipmentandisnotexceededexceptforloadtesting.Althoughworkersmaybeknowledgeableaboutpoweredequipment,theyshouldtakeprecautionswhenstackingandstoringmaterial.Whenpickingupitemswithapoweredindustrialtruck,workersmustdothefollowing:第39页/共50页lCentertheloadontheforksasclosetothemastaspossible,lAvoidoverloadingalifttruck,lAdjusttheloadtothelowestpositionwhentraveling,lFollowthetruckmanufacturersoperationalrequirements,andlPileandcross-tierallstackedloadscorrectlywhenpossible.第40页/共50页Safety measures regarding conveyorsWhenusingconveyors,workersmaygettheirhandscaught,bestruckbymaterialfallingofftheconveyor,ormaygetcaughtintheconveyoranddrawnintotheconveyorpathasaresult.Topreventorreducetheseverityofaninjury,followingprecautionsmustbetakentoprotectworkers:第41页/共50页lInstallanemergencybuttonorpullcorddesignedtostoptheconveyorattheworkstation.lDesigntheemergencystopswitchsothatitmustberesetbeforetheconveyorcanberestarted.lProhibitworkersfromridingonamaterials-handlingconveyor.lProvideguardswhereconveyorspassoverworkareasoraislestokeepworkersfrombeingstruckbyfallingmaterial.第42页/共50页Safety measures regarding cranesEmployersmustpermitonlythoroughlytrainedandcompetentworkerstooperatecranes.Operatorsshouldknowwhattheyareliftingandwhatitweighs.Forexample,theratedcapacityofmobilecranesvarieswiththelengthoftheboomandtheboomradius.Whenacranehasatelescopingboom,aloadmaybesafetoliftatashortboomlengthorashortboomradius,butmayoverloadthecranewhentheboomisextendedandtheradiusincreases.Toreducetheseverityofaninjury,thefollowingprecautionsmustbetaken:第43页/共50页lEquipallcranesthathaveadjustableboomswithboomangleindicators.lProvidecraneswithtelescopingboomswithsomemeanstodetermineboomlengthsunlesstheloadratingisindependentoftheboomlength.lRequireworkerstoalwayscheckthecranesloadcharttoensurethatthecranewillnotbeoverloadedbyoperatingconditions.lInstructworkerstoplanliftsbeforestartingthemtoensurethattheyaresafe.第44页/共50页lTakeadditionalprecautionsandexerciseextracarewhenoperatingaroundpowerlines.lDirectworkerstoalwayskeephoistingchainsandropesfreeofkinksortwistsandneverwrappedaroun
