牛津译林模块三unit Grammar and usage.pptx

第1页/共54页第2页/共54页To learn what the noun clauses areTo learn how to tell noun clauses from other clausesTo consolidate the usage of noun clauses by doing exercises第3页/共54页Look at the following sentences.1.This means I could get up an hour later than usual,2.He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.第4页/共54页3.We thought you could act like an adult,but 4.At first,the young girl thought it was the light of the full moon第5页/共54页At lunch,the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.Sorry,Miss,replied the man,the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far.She wondered if the buses would still be running.The news that the blind man can help Polly was exciting.Sentences from this unit第6页/共54页在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫 _(Noun Clauses）。）。名词从句的功能相当于名名词从句的功能相当于名词词组词词组,它在复合句中能担任它在复合句中能担任_等，因此根据等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。位语从句。名词从句 名词从句主语、宾语、表语、同位语第8页/共54页名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词His job is important.What he does is important.主主语语 This is his job.This is what he does every day.表表语语第9页/共54页I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.宾宾语语I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.同同位位语语第10页/共54页1.We can use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence.That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.Whether hell be able to come is not yet known.Why they have not left yet is not clear so far.第11页/共54页Wecanuseitasapreparatorysubject.Itwasgoodnewsthateveryonegotbacksafely.2.Wecanuseanounclauseastheobjectofaverb/preposition.Iwonderif/whetherthatsagoodidea.Iminterestedinwhothattallmanis.第12页/共54页Wecanuseitasapreparatorysubject.Weallthoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.Theconductorhasmadeitclearthatnobuseswillberunning.第13页/共54页3.Wecanuseanounclauseasthepredicativeofbe.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.MyquestioniswhetherPollycanfindherwayhome.第14页/共54页4.Wecanuseanounclauseinappositiontoanoun.Shehadafeelingthatshewasbeingwatched.Thenewsthathecouldntcomemadeusupset.第15页/共54页5.Weusethat,if/whetheroraquestionwordtobeginanounclause.Nooneknewif/whetherhelosthissightbecauseofanaccident.Shecouldntimaginehowtheblindmanhadfoundher.第16页/共54页ReadthearticleonPage9anddescribethemainideainyourownwords.Whilereading,underlineallthenounclausesyoucanfindinthisarticle.第17页/共54页Paragraph 1 The possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain hasParagraph 2 Since it is believed that strong smells can affect the senses,Paragraph 3 Scientists are interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain.第18页/共54页Theyarealsocuriousaboutwhetheritisthesameforbothsexes.Now,thestudyhasprovedthatforwomen,pleasantsmellsreducepain.第19页/共54页Paragraph 4 He says that scientists have already collected data from 40 volunteers.He adds that this year,scientists will test another 60 volunteers and will be in a better position to analyse the results.第20页/共54页Paragraph 5 One explanation is that womens sense of smell is better developed than that of men,and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.Scientists used to believe that mothers recognize their children by sight only.第21页/共54页Now,they have become convinced that the sense of smell also helps.However,why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists.第22页/共54页名词性从句考点归纳名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序一、名词性从句的语序(1)名词性从句构成有两种名词性从句构成有两种a.That+陈述句陈述句e.g.That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着，真是奇迹。他还活着，真是奇迹。b.疑问词疑问词+句子的剩余成分句子的剩余成分e.g.This is what we are looking for.这就是我们所寻找的。这就是我们所寻找的。第23页/共54页(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用 陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How he was successful is still a puzzle.How was he successful is still a puzzle.FT第24页/共54页你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives?Could you tell me where does he live?TF第25页/共54页二、名词性从句连接词的选用二、名词性从句连接词的选用(1)that 和和what 的选用的选用that 和和 what 都可引导所有的都可引导所有的_。但是，。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中_，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而而that在名词性从句中在名词性从句中_，只起，只起_作用。作用。名词从句充当成分不充当任何成分连接第26页/共54页1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?WhatThatthatwhatwhat第27页/共54页6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.whatthatwhat第28页/共54页(2)if 和和whether 的选用的选用whether和和 if 都可以使用的情况：都可以使用的情况：1)引导动词的宾语从句时；引导动词的宾语从句时；2)在在be+adj.之后时；之后时；3)在主语从句中，在主语从句中，it 用作形式主语时。用作形式主语时。第29页/共54页只能用只能用whether的情况：的情况：在非正式文体中，在非正式文体中，if.or not 也是正确的。也是正确的。但与但与or not直接连用时，只能用直接连用时，只能用whether(即即whether or not)，而不能用，而不能用if(即即if or not)；引导表语从句和同位语从句时；引导表语从句和同位语从句时；第30页/共54页引导主语从句，且位于句首时；引导主语从句，且位于句首时；引导介词后的宾语从句时；引导介词后的宾语从句时；后面直接跟动词不定式时；后面直接跟动词不定式时；if引起歧义时。引起歧义时。第31页/共54页1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.if/whetherWhether第32页/共54页3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.whetherwhether/ifwhether第33页/共54页6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.whetherwhetherwhether第34页/共54页其它连接代词和副词的连用其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择的选择who/which/when/where/why/how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有等连接词，这些连接词既具有_，又起又起_，同时在从句中充当，同时在从句中充当_。疑问含义连接作用各种成分第35页/共54页我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.Whenwho第36页/共54页我不知道他长的什么样子。我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.whatwhere第37页/共54页引导词引导词 that 的省略的省略1.that引导主语从句，并且主语从句引导主语从句，并且主语从句_，由，由it 作形式主语时，作形式主语时，that _；2.that 引导宾语从句时，可以省略；但如果有引导宾语从句时，可以省略；但如果有两个两个that 引导的宾语从句，则第二个宾语从引导的宾语从句，则第二个宾语从句中的句中的that _；后置不可省略不可省略第38页/共54页3.介词后的宾语从句中的介词后的宾语从句中的that_;4.如果如果that 连接的宾语从句中紧接着一连接的宾语从句中紧接着一 个由其他连词引导的状语从句，个由其他连词引导的状语从句，that _省略；省略；5.引导同位语从句的连词引导同位语从句的连词that 在句中在句中 _成分，且成分，且 _省略。省略。不可省略不能不充当不可第39页/共54页下列名词性从句中的下列名词性从句中的that是否可以省略。是否可以省略。1.It was reported that the football team was warmly received by the Queen.2.I dont believe that he has ever read any of Shakespeares works or that he has ever heard of him.第40页/共54页3.His composition is very good except that there are some spelling mistakes.4.The cause of the accident lies in that the driver was careless.5.He said that,if I did not have time,I might choose not to go.6.The news that our team has won the match is true.只有第只有第2题第一个题第一个that可以省略，其他可以省略，其他名词性从句中，名词性从句中，that不可以省略。不可以省略。第41页/共54页Complete the sentences.1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.(that)thatthatthat第42页/共54页5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.that(that)that第43页/共54页宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句的时态呼应1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时，从如果主句时态是现在时或将来时，从 句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任何一种时句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任何一种时态。态。a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。He believes _ _.his dream will come true some day第44页/共54页b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Please tell me _ _.what you were doing at this time yesterday2.如果主句谓语是过去时，从句谓语动词用一般用过去的某种时态，但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。第45页/共54页他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。他说他已离开家乡十年了。He told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher tell us _.he was preparing for the examination he had been away from his hometown for ten years light travels in a straight line.第46页/共54页Read the article about our senses on page 11 and circle the right words.Answers:1._ 2._ 3._4._ 5._ 6._ifthatthatthatwhetherthat第47页/共54页Complete the story on page 11 using that,whether or if.Answers:1._ 2._ 3._4._ 5._ 6._7._ 8._thatthatthatif/whetherthatif/whetherthatthat第48页/共54页用正确的连接词填空。用正确的连接词填空。Holidaysareimportantforallofus.1._wedecidetohaveacityholidayoraholidaybythebeachdependsuponourpersonalpreferences.Themainthingis2._wearetakingabreakfromourusualroutine(日常事务).Whetherthat第49页/共54页Ofcourse,themaindifferencebetweencityholidaysandbeachholidaysisinthekindofactivitiesyouareabletodo.Atthebeach,forexample,youcanswimorsurf.Whileinacity,3._youcandovariesfromgoingshoppingtovisitingmuseumsandgoingtothetheatre.what第50页/共54页Anothermajordifferenceis4._havingaholidaybythebeachtendstobemorerelaxing.Whenyouareinacity,youhavetoorganise5._youdocarefully,orthefact6._youspendallyourtimegettingonbuses,walkingandvisitingmaymakeyougetexhaustedsoon.thatwhatthat第51页/共54页Ontheotherhand,thebeachis7._timegoesbymoreslowly.Ifyoulike,youcanswim,lieinthesunortheshade,haveaquietdrinkandgotosleep.Allinall,whereyougotospendaholidaylargelydependson8._youlikeand9._hardyouhavebeenworking.wherewhathow第52页/共54页1.DoC1andC2onPage92oftheWorkbook.2.Previewthenextpart.第53页/共54页感谢您的观看！第54页/共54页