Walden瓦尔登湖中英介绍.pptx

第1页/共18页18451845年，年，2828岁的岁的梭罗住梭罗住进瓦尔进瓦尔登登自自耕自食，两年耕自食，两年有余有余实验生活实验生活他不是逃避人生，而是在他不是逃避人生，而是在探索人生，批判人生，探索人生，批判人生，振奋人生，阐述人生地更高规律振奋人生，阐述人生地更高规律。“I went to the woods,because I wanted to live deliberately.I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life.To put to rout all that was not life.And not,when I came to die,discover that I had not lived.”第2页/共18页瓦尔登湖瓦尔登湖与与圣经圣经诸书一诸书一同被美国国会图书馆评为同被美国国会图书馆评为“塑塑造读者的造读者的2525本书本书”。在当代美。在当代美国，它是读者最多的散文经典。国，它是读者最多的散文经典。美国美国著名作家哈丁曾说，著名作家哈丁曾说，瓦尔瓦尔登湖登湖内容丰厚、意义深远，内容丰厚、意义深远，它是简单生活的权威指南，是它是简单生活的权威指南，是对大自然的真情描述，是向金对大自然的真情描述，是向金钱社会的讨伐檄文，是传世久钱社会的讨伐檄文，是传世久远的文学名著，远的文学名著，是一部圣书是一部圣书。评价评价第3页/共18页第4页/共18页译序：“瓦尔登湖是本静静的书，极静极静的书，并不是热热闹闹的书。它是一本寂寞的书，一本孤独的书。它只是一本一个人的书。如果你的心没有安静下来，恐怕你很难进入到这本书里去。我要告诉你的是，在你的心静下来以后，你就会思考一些什么。在你思考一些什么问题时，你才有可能和这位享利戴维梭罗先生一起，思考一下自己，更思考一下更高的原则。”徐迟 第5页/共18页Walden is not only a good prose which centers on the description of the landscape of the Walden Pond,but also a great philosophy work that is full of educational meanings第6页/共18页Walden contains 18 chapters lEconomy(经济篇）lComplementary Verses（补充诗节）lWhere I Lived,and What I Lived For（我的生活所在；我的生活追求）lReading（阅读）lSounds（声音)lSolitude(隐居）lVisitors（访客）lThe Bean-Field（豆田）lThe Village（镇子）第7页/共18页lThe Ponds（湖）lBaker Farm（贝克田庄）lHigher Laws（更高的法则）lBrute Neighbors（禽兽为邻）lHouse-Warming（室内取暖）lFormer Inhabitants;and Winter Visitors（昔日的居民和冬天的访 客）lWinter Animals（冬天的禽兽）lThe Pond in Winter（冬天的湖）lSpring（春天）第8页/共18页Synopsis(contents)Economy This is the first chapter and also the longest by far.Thoreau begins by outlining his project:a two-year and two-month stay at a crude cabin in the woods near Walden Pond.He does this,he says,in order to illustrate the spiritual benefits of a simplified lifestyle.He easily supplies the four necessities of life(food,shelter,clothing,and fuel).He meticulously records his expenditures and earnings,demonstrating his understanding of economy,as he builds his house and buys and grows food.For a home and freedom,he spends a mere$28.13.Complementary Verses This chapter consists entirely of a poem,The Pretensions of Poverty,by seventeenth-century English poet Thomas Carew.The poem criticizes those who think that their poverty gives them unearned moral and intellectual superiority.第9页/共18页Synopsis(contents)Where I Lived,and What I Lived For After playing with the idea of buying a farm,Thoreau describes his cabins location.Then he explains that he took up his abode at Walden Woods so as to live deliberately,to front only the essential facts of life,and see if I could not learn what it had to teach,and not,when I came to die,discover that I had not lived.Reading Thoreau provides discourse on the benefits of reading classical literature(preferably in the original Greek or Latin)and bemoans the lack of sophistication in Concord,manifested in the popularity of popular literature.He yearns for a utopian time when each New England village will support wise men to educate and thereby ennoble the population.第10页/共18页Synopsis(contents)VisitorsThoreau writes about the visitors to his cabin.Among the 25 or 30 visitors is a young French-Canadian woodchopper,Alec Therien,whom Thoreau idealizes as approaching the ideal man,and a runaway slave,whom Thoreau helps on his journey to freedom in Canada.The Bean-Field Thoreau relates his efforts to cultivate two and a half acres of beans.He plants in June and spends his summer mornings weeding the field with a hoe.He sells most of the crop,and his small profit of$8.71 covers his needs.The VillageThoreau visits the small town of Concord every day or two to hear the In late summer,he is arrested for refusing to pay federal taxes,but is released the next day.He explains that he refuses to pay taxes to a government that supports slavery.第11页/共18页Synopsis(contents)Baker FarmWhile on an afternoon ramble in the woods,Thoreau gets caught in a rainstorm and takes shelter in the dirty,dismal hut of John Field,a penniless but hard-working Irish farmhand,and his wife and children.Thoreau urges Field to live a simple but independent and fulfilling life in the woods,thereby freeing himself of employers and creditors.But the Irishman wont give up his dreams of luxury,which is the American dream.Higher LawsThoreau discusses whether hunting wild animals and eating meat is good.He concludes that the primitive,animal side of humans drives them to kill and eat animals,and that a person who transcends this propensity is superior to those who dont.(Thoreau eats fish.)In addition to vegetarianism,he lauds chastity,work,and teetotalism.第12页/共18页Synopsis(contents)Former Inhabitants;and Winter VisitorsThoreau relates the stories of people who formerly lived in the vicinity of Walden Pond.Then he talks about the few visitors he receives during the winter:a farmer,a woodchopper,and a poet(Ellery Channing).Winter AnimalsThoreau amuses himself by watching wildlife during the winter.He relates his observations of owls,hares,red squirrels,mice,and various birds as they hunt,sing,and eat the scraps and corn he put out for them.He also describes a fox hunt that passes by.第13页/共18页Synopsis(contents)SpringAs spring arrives,Walden and the other ponds melt with stentorian thundering and rumbling.Thoreau enjoys watching the thaw,and grows ecstatic as he witnesses the green rebirth of nature.He watches the geese winging their way north,and a hawk playing by itself in the sky.As nature is reborn,the narrator implies,so is he.He departs Walden on September 8,1847.ConclusionThis final chapter is more passionate and urgent than its predecessors.In it,he criticizes conformity:If a man does not keep pace with his companions,perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer.Let him step to the music which he hears,however measured or far away.By doing these things,men may find happiness and self-fulfillment.第14页/共18页I left the woods for as good a reason as I went there.Perhaps it seemed to me that I had several more lives to live,and could not spare any more time for that one.It is remarkable how easily and insensibly we fall into a particular route,and make a beaten track for ourselves.第15页/共18页Themes Walden emphasizes the importance of self-reliance,solitude,contemplation,and closeness to nature in transcending the desperate existence that,he argues,is the lot of most humans.第16页/共18页第17页/共18页谢谢您的观看！第18页/共18页