跨文化交际学-7.pptx
第七章 英美姓名及称谓之文化含义7.1 英美姓名的构成/Naming Names7.2 英美姓名的起源/Origins7.3 称谓/Title7.4 亲属称谓/Kin Terms第1页/共23页7.1 Naming NamesGiven names SurnameChristian names Family nameFirst names Last namee.g.Anthony John WardNote:most English people have 3 names,among which people have two given names.第2页/共23页People usually use the first of the given names,unless they dislike it and prefer the middle one to the first one.e.g.Arthur Alexandar War Arthur War Alexander War第3页/共23页Parents have to be careful about the name for their children because the combination of the initial letters of the names may accidentally spell a word which has a negative meaning.e.g.Andrew Simon Smith1.Nichola Ann Green 2.William Patrick Wills3.Fiona Alice Tanner 4.John Peter Hill5.Michael Adam Davis 6.Holly Rowan Hillman7.Peter Ewan Steven Thompson8.Graham Adam Yiend第4页/共23页Shortened form of a given name is commonly used among friends and colleagues.e.g.Alexander Alexander AlecAnthony Anthony TonyMichael Michael Mike第5页/共23页William William BillRobert Robert BobElizabeth Elizabeth Bess/BeckyAndrew Andrew AndyDavid David DaveStephen Stephen SteveChristopher Christopher Chris Rebecca Rebecca BeckyVictoria Victoria VickiCatherine Catherine Kate第6页/共23页7.2 英美姓名的起源/Origins1.Place Identity (some names indicate where the person come from)e.g.Norman Moor Hall Chesterfield Wood第7页/共23页2.Occupatione.g.Cook Chandler Clark Turner Thatcher Cooper Fowler Archer BarberForesterTaylorSmithButlerCarterMasonChamberlainGloverFarmerBakerFisher 第8页/共23页3.Family Relationship IdentityEngland:-son/-s e.g.Donaldson Robertson Johnson Williams Richards EdwardsScottish:Mac-/Mc-e.g.MacDonald MacEwen/McEwen McAdamIrish:O-e.g.OPatrick ONeil OBrienWatkins(the kin of Watt)Thomas(Toms)第9页/共23页4.Nicknames (expressing some personal characteristics)e.g.Long Little Moody Fox Brown Young Rich Newman(a newcomer to the area)第10页/共23页7.3 称谓/Title Nowadays in England people usually call each other by their first name.employers often call their employees by their first name and it is often the case,although not quite so common,for employees to address their employer by the first name.In formal meetings,however,first names are less likely to be used.In less formal settings it is usual for people meeting for the first time to use first names straightaway,regardless of any difference in age or status.第11页/共23页 When talking to people we have the choice between using their first name,“Hi,John”,or their surname preceded by a title“Good morning,Mr.Smith.”the first is usually friendly and informal,the second more formal and respectful.To use the last name alone,“Hey,Smith”is regarded nowadays as neither friendly nor respectful,although it used to be acceptable between male friends earlier this century.e.g.John Smith“Hi,John”/“Good morning,Mr.Smith.”/“Hey,Smith”第12页/共23页 The most frequently used titles used before surnames are Mr.,Mrs.(for a married woman),Miss(for an unmarried woman)and Ms.(for both married and unmarried woman).Mr.,Mrs.,Miss,and Ms.are not usually used alone,adults do not say“Excuse me,Mr.”,for example,although children can sometimes be heard addressing strangers in this way.Children also often address schoolmistresses simply as“Miss”without adding their surnames and regardless of whether they are single or married.Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms.+surname 第13页/共23页 English also provides some general terms of address,such as“Sir”and“Madam”.These two are polite way of addressing a man or woman,and are usually used only by someone who is providing a service such as a shop assistant to a customer or a policeman to a member of the public.e.g.“Can I help you,madam?”第14页/共23页 There are also one or two general titles which do the work of first names such as Mack,Buddy(both American English),and mate(British and Australian English)as in Got light,mate?like first names these are used when one is being casual.Like first names these are used when one is being casual.In America guys is the collective informal term for addressing a group of friends:Come on you guys,lets go!It can be used for groups containing both males and females,even though guy is a colloquial expression for man.第15页/共23页 For those very close to you such as a wife or husband there are a number of terms of endearment such as dear,darling,and love as in Ill be home at six,love and Whats for supper,darling?第16页/共23页Inherited Titles(Noble titles)Lord+surname/My lord E.g.My lords,ladies and gentlemenSir(knighthood given by the Queen)+1st name e.g.Paul McCartney Sir Paul(or Sir Paul McCartney)Being indicated by adding the initials of the award e.g.the“Order of the British Empire”Mr.Arthur Scott,OBE第17页/共23页Case 1A British tourist is traveling by train in China.Sitting opposite him is a Chinese passenger.They introduce themselves to each otherBritish tourist:Hello,Im Eric Jackson.Glad to meet you.Chinese passenger:Hello,my name is Liu Xin.Im glad to meet you,too.Where do you come from,Mr.Eric?British tourist:Im from Britain.Please just call me Eric,Mr.Xin.Chinese passenger:And you may just call me Liu Xin.第18页/共23页Case 2A British tourist is visiting a Chinese family.The Chinese hostess introduces herself and her husband to the guestChinese hostess:Welcome to my home.My name is Cai Hong,and this is my husband.British tourist:Thank you,Mrs.Cai.Its a pleasure to meet you,Mrs.Cai.Im Lucy Taylor.Chinese hostess:Have a seat,Madam Lucy.第19页/共23页7.4 亲属称谓/Kin Terms An elderly British teacher named Sarah Williams comes to her Chinese colleagues home to pay a visit.The Chinese colleague,who is a middle-aged lady,has a ten-year-old boy named Xiaoping.Xiaoming has learned English for three years in a primary school.How should the Chinese colleague introduce the British teacher to her son,and how should the boy greet the foreign visitor?第20页/共23页“Xiaoming,this is Mrs.Williams from Britain.Can you greet her in English?”“Xiaoming,this is Sarah from Britain,say hello to her.”“How do you do,Granny?”“How do you do,Mrs.Williams?”“Hello,Mrs.Williams”“Hello,Sarah”第21页/共23页7.4 亲属称谓/Kin TermsIn Chinese culture kin terms are widely used to address known or unknown people.In Britain kin terms are not used to the same extent.They are mainly confined to family members.第22页/共23页感谢您的观看！第23页/共23页
