中考英语复习定语从句.pptx

关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指 关系词在关系词在从句从句中作用中作用关系关系代词代词that人人/物物主主语语、宾、宾语语、表语表语which物物主主语语、宾、宾语语,表语表语who人人主主语语、宾、宾语语whom人人宾宾语语whose人人/物物定定语语(whose+n.)as主语.宾语The use of the relative pronoun(关系代词关系代词)口诀:定语从句三步：第一找出先行词第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）第三选择合适的关系词第1页/共76页1.This is all _ I know about the matter.A.that B.What C.who D.whether2.Is there anything else _ you want?A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.itChoose the best answers:第2页/共76页4.Please take the second chair _ is over there.A.where B.which C.who D.that 5.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A.that B./C.which D.it 6.Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（NMET98)A.which B.what C.whatever D.that 第3页/共76页7.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we expected.A.what B.which C.that D.it第4页/共76页关系副词的用法关系副词关系副词指代指代在从句中的作用在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/during which)where(=in/at/on/under which)why(=for which)时间时间时间状语时间状语地点地点地点状语地点状语原因原因原因状语原因状语第5页/共76页（一）关系副词where引导的定语从句。where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。例：Chinaistheonlycountrywherewildpandascanbefound.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.第6页/共76页知识拓展：1.关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换为“介词(in/on/at/under等)+which”引导的定语从句。Eg:Thehotelwherewestayedwasntclean.The hotel in which we stayed wasnt clean.=The hotel which/that we stayed in wasnt clean.第7页/共76页ThehousewhereLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.=The house in which LuXun once lived is being repaired now.第8页/共76页2.若定语从句的先行词是地点，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句，而不用where来引导。The library that/which you visited yesterday was built in 1990.第9页/共76页3.如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,condition和case,position等表示抽象意义的词，常用where/prep+which引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。例：Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.第10页/共76页【典型例题】1.Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituation_theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where第11页/共76页2.Lifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where第12页/共76页3.IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why第13页/共76页4.TheywillflytoWashington,_theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when第14页/共76页when引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。例：ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.（二）关系副词when引导的定语从句第15页/共76页先行词是time时若time是作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导的定语从句，that可以省略。Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.Icouldhardlyrememberhowmanytimes(that)Ivefailed.若time作”一段时间，时代”讲时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导的定语从句Thiswasatatimewhen/duingwhichtherewasnoradios,notelephonesornoTVs.第16页/共76页1.Thisisthesecondtime_Ihavebeenhere.2.Canyoustillrememberthetime_wespenttogetherinourchildhood.3.Thefirsttime_hesawher,hefellinlovewithher.(1.that/不填2.that/which3.that/不填)第17页/共76页4)Wearelivinginaage_manythingsaredoneontheInternet.A.WhichB.ThatC.WhoseD.when第18页/共76页知识拓展：1.关系副词when引导的定语从句也可以转换为“介词(in/at/on/during)+which”引导的定语从句。Istillrememberthetimewhen(duringwhich)Ilivedinthecountryside.第19页/共76页2.若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。Illneverforgetthetimethat/whichIspentoncampus.Illneverforgetthetimethat/whichwasspentwithyou.第20页/共76页1.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone_local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since第21页/共76页2.Wewentthroughaperiod_communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich第22页/共76页3.Occasionsarequiterare_Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhyD.When第23页/共76页（三）关系副词why引导的定语从句。why引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如：excuse;explanation;reason等。例：ThereasonwhyhedidntcometothepartyisthathedidntwanttoseeJane.第24页/共76页Wecantaccepttheexcusewhyyouwereabsent.Thisistheexplanationwhytheyputoffthemeeting.第25页/共76页知识拓展：1.关系副词why引导的定语从句可以转换为“for+which”引导的定语从句。Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Ididntcomehere.第26页/共76页2.若定语从句的先行词是reason，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。Thereasonthat/whichshegavemewasnottrue.第27页/共76页即学即用1)Thereason_hedidntcomewasthathewasill.2)Thereasonheexplainedisnottrue.why that/which 第28页/共76页3)Thereason_hewasabsentwas_hehadabadcold.A.When,becauseB.When,whyC.WhybecauseD.Whythat第29页/共76页(四)Way后接定语从句的情况way后面的定语从句的引导词有which/inwhich/that/不填，如：IrecognizedhesfromAustraliafromtheway_hespeaks.in which(that/不不填填)第30页/共76页填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填缺状语缺宾语缺少主语或宾语缺少主语或宾语:引导词用引导词用that/which/不填不填(缺宾语时缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺主语宾语都不缺:引导词用引导词用that/in which/不填不填第31页/共76页1.Idontliketheway_youlaughather.Inwhich/that/不填第32页/共76页（四）判断关系代词与关系副词第33页/共76页1.Thisisthemountainvillage_Ivisitedlastyear.2.Thisisthemountainvillage_Istayedlastyear.3.Thisisthemountainvillage_Istayedinlastyear.that/whichwherethat/which/不填不填第34页/共76页介词可后移，此时关系代词可以省略Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebookwhich/that/不填youaskedfor.但是有些固定动词短语不能拆开，介词不能提前，只能能够放在动词的后面Eg.ThisisXuJingleislatestmovie(which/that)sheislookingfor.第35页/共76页1.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone第36页/共76页归纳：关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。第37页/共76页“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句介词后的关系代词只能是which（指物）whom（指人）第38页/共76页介词选择的三原则：一介词根据从句谓语动词的搭配习惯而确定onwhichIspent5yuan.forwhichIpaid5yuan.ThisisthebookfromwhichIlearntalot.aboutwhichTomoftentalks第39页/共76页二.介词根据先行词的搭配习惯而确定IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.thedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.themonthinwhichIstayedthere.第40页/共76页三.介词根据从句所表达的意义而确定Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcantplaycomputergames,crashedyesterday.Learningacountryscultureislikeopeningawindow,throughwhichyoucanknowaboutthatcountrybetter.第41页/共76页四.当表示所有关系或是整体中的一部分时，常用ofwhich/whom引导定语从句Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.Thisisthehouse,thewindowsofwhich(whosewindow)areverybeautiful.第42页/共76页五.介词短语+关系代词常见短语：atthefootof;atthebakeof;infrontof;onthetopofEg:Theystayedinabighotel,infrontofwhichwasagarden.第43页/共76页六.名词（代词/数词）+of+关系代词该结构一般引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中一般做主语Eg;Thebuildinghadbeenrepaired,theroofofwhichwasdestroyedagaininthebigfire.第44页/共76页七.介词+whose在定语从句中做定语，修饰其后的名词Eg:SheistheverypersoninwhosepocketIfoundmylostwatch.第45页/共76页1.Guncontrolisasubject_Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.OfwhichB.WithwithC.AboutwhichD.Intowhich第46页/共76页2.ThehouseIgrewup_hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.InitB.InC.InthatD.Inwhich第47页/共76页3.Tomreceivedtraininginacomputerforoneyear,_hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.AfterthatB.AfterwhichC.AfteritD.Afterthis第48页/共76页4.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,_wegavesomebellsandglasses.A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.Withthat第49页/共76页5.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenWindows,mostof_hadntbeencleanedfortenyears.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which第50页/共76页定语从句与其他从句的比较1.非限制性定语从句和单句/并列句的比较Hehastwosons.Bothof_areteachers.（句）Hehastwosons,andbothof_areteachers.（句）Hehastwosons;bothof_areteachers.（句）Hehastwosons,bothof_areteachers.（句）A.themB.whomA简单简单AA并列并列并列并列B定语从定语从第51页/共76页分析：注意标点符号和是否有连词是区分定语从句、简单句和并列句的一个关键。第52页/共76页2.as引导的非限制性定语从句与it引导的句子Theearthisround,and_isknowntoall._isknowntoall,theearthisround._isknowntoallthattheearthisround.A.(I)itB.A(a)sABA第53页/共76页3.定语从句和状语从句(1)Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanliftit.（从句）Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanlift.（从句）状语状语thatas定语定语分析：从引导词来看，状语从句中的that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。第54页/共76页(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawerwherehecaneasilyfindit.（从句）Pleaseputtheletterwherehecaneasilyfindit.（从句）定语定语状语状语总结：where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。第55页/共76页4.when引导的定语从句与强调句句型。ItwasOctober_wemetinBeijingforthefirsttime.（句）ItwasinOctober_wemetinBeijingforthefirsttime.（句）whenthat定语从定语从强调强调总结：强调句句型：It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其它部分，去掉It is/wasthat/who,句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成分。第56页/共76页解题技巧：1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。第57页/共76页即学即用：1)Yesterdaymyphysicsteachersetsuchadifficultexamproblem_noneofusworkedout.A.thatB.asC.sothatD.whichB 第58页/共76页2)HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_areouroldfriends.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.themC 第59页/共76页3)Itwaselevenoclock_theywentoutofthecinema.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhichC 第60页/共76页1.Ill never forget the days _ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.when/in whichwhichwhere/in which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词第61页/共76页4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.whichwhy/for whichthat/which及物动词及物动词第62页/共76页1.Lastweek,0nlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse，_wantedtobuythem.A.NoneofthemB.BothofthemC.NoneofwhomD.Neitherofwhom第63页/共76页Themanpulledoutagoldenwatch,-_weremadeofsmalldiamonds.A.ThehandsofwhomB.WhomthehandsofC.WhichthehandsofD.Thehandsofwhich第64页/共76页Thenewlybuiltcafe,thewallsof_arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.A.ThatB.ItC.whatD.which第65页/共76页Thatsthenewmachian_partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhoseD.what第66页/共76页Youwillfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation_youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.WhichB.WhereC.whenD.as第67页/共76页JuliewasgoodatGerman,French,andRussian,allof_shespokefluently.A.WhoB.WhomC.WhichD.that第68页/共76页(2011四川高考)Thatevening,_Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.Awhich BthatCwhenDwhat第69页/共76页(2011陕西高考)Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,_weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.AwhichBwhereCwhoDthat第70页/共76页(2012合肥质量调研)Irememberearlyspringmornings_mygrandmotherwouldtellmetositquietlyandthenreadmebooks.AwhenBwhyCwhereDwhich第71页/共76页(2012杭州第二次质量检测)NowadaysyoungpeoplejustcantlivewithouttheInternet,_theydependonforwhateverinformationtheyneed.AwhenBwhichCwhereDthat第72页/共76页Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich第73页/共76页专题专练专题专练1.Do you think such a place _ you speak of is worth visiting?2.He promised to come to see me on purpose on Sunday,_ I doubt very much.3.There is a lake near our schoolyard,_ depth is out of your expectation.4.-Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper?-Well,anything is Ok for me.5.The house in _ he used to live has turned into a library.as which whose that which =the lakes 第74页/共76页6.Students in our school,most of _ are from the south of China,enjoy rice very much.7.Can you think of a situation _ this idiom is used?8._ is often the case,teachers in our school usually return to school on Sunday evenings.9.Which is the road _ leads to the village _ you were born?10.The newcomer is from Jiangxi,_ I can tell from his accent.whom where As that where which =in which 第75页/共76页谢谢您的观看！第76页/共76页