被动语态复习.pptx

(二二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主主要要体体现现在在be的的变变化化上上，其其形形式式与与系系动动词词be的的变变化化形形式式完完全全一一样样。以以givegive 为为例例，列表如下：列表如下：一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are+given 一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were+given 一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will+be+given 现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are+being+given 现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has+been+given 过去完成时：过去完成时：had+been+given 过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were+being+given 过去将来时：过去将来时：should/would+be+given 将来完成时：将来完成时：shall/will+have been+given 过去将来完成时：过去将来完成时：should/would+have been+given注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。第1页/共25页(三三)被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态1.一般现在时：The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.2.一般过去时：The students didnt forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easily forgotten.第2页/共25页(三三)被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态 3.一般将来时：(本单元语法重点)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.4.过去将来时：The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.第3页/共25页5.现在进行时：We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.6.过去进行时：This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.7.现在完成时：We have brought down the price.The price has been brought down.第4页/共25页 8.过去完成时：When I got to the theatre,I found they had already sold out the tickets.When I got to the theatre,I found the tickets had already been sold out.第5页/共25页9.含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：含含有有情情态态动动词词的的被被动动语语态态是是由由“情情态态动动词词+be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成。构成。You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.第6页/共25页(四四)被被 动动 语语 态态 的的 使使 用用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。“Mr.White,the cup with mixture was broken after class.”Mr.White,the cup with mixture was broken after class.”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁或不想说出谁弄坏的)。2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。These records were made by John Denver.These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul.The cup was broken by Paul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。These cars were made in China.These cars were made in China.15,000 cars will be produced each year in 15,000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.the new factory.第7页/共25页(五五)主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 I was invited (by my aunt)to her dinner party.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语(2)The school set up a special class to help poor readers.A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.1.1.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.2.2.2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的bebe+过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。，时态要与原句保持一致。，时态要与原句保持一致。，时态要与原句保持一致。3.3.3.3.把把把把主主主主动动动动语语语语态态态态的的的的主主主主语语语语变变变变为为为为介介介介词词词词byby 的的的的宾宾宾宾语语语语，放放放放在在在在被被被被动动动动语语语语态态态态里里里里谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词之之之之后后后后，byby 短短短短语语语语可可可可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用inin+地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。第8页/共25页(六六)语态转换时要注意的问题语态转换时要注意的问题1.1.把把主主动动语语态态变变为为被被动动语语态态时时，其其谓谓语语动动词词的的时时态态要要与与原原句句时时态态保保持持一一致致，其其谓谓语语动动词的数要与新主语保持一致。词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.2.2.含含有有双双宾宾语语的的主主动动句句变变被被动动句句时时，可可分分别别将将其其中中的的一一个个宾宾语语变变为为主主语语，另另一一个个不不动动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如如果果把把直直接接宾宾语语(指指物物)改改为为主主语语，则则在在间间接接宾宾语语(指指人人)前前加加适适当当的的介介词词，如如上上句句还可以说：还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语第9页/共25页3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词不及物动词+介词，介词，如如:agree to,ask for,laugh at,operated on,listen to,look after,think of,talk about 等。The patient is being operated on.The patient is being operated on.The problem is solved.It neednt be talked about.The problem is solved.It neednt be talked about.及物动词及物动词+副词：副词：如：如：bring about,carry out,find out,give up,hand in,make out,pass on,point out,put away,put off,think over,turn down,work out,turn out 等。His request was turned down.His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.第10页/共25页4.带带复复合合宾宾语语(宾宾语语+宾宾补补)的的动动词词改改为为被被动动语语态态时时，一一般般把把主主动动结结构构中中的的宾宾语语改改为为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to follow her instructions.注注注注意意意意：在在see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make,feel等等动动词词后后作作宾宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带但改成被动语态后都带to，不存在省略不存在省略to 的问题。的问题。We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.第11页/共25页5.5.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：一一，感感官官系系动动词词一一般般用用主主动动形形式式表表示示被被动动意意义义，如如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。等。Do you like the material?Yes,it feels very soft.误：误：It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious.误：误：The food is tasted delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful.误：误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.二，谓语是及物动词二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：等。如：He entered the room and got his book.误：误：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.误：误：Her hand was had burned.第12页/共25页三三，一一些些不不及及物物动动词词短短语语没没有有被被动动语语态态，如如：take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to等等。如：如：The fire broke out in the capital building.误：误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.四四，不不及及物物动动词词没没有有被被动动语语态态，如如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。等。After the earthquake,few houses remained.误误：After the earthquake,few houses were remained.第13页/共25页6.6.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：构来表示，例如：据说据说It is said that 据报导据报导It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议有人建议It is suggested that 1)It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词-inging 形式，形式，形式，形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。第14页/共25页7.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook 等。等。如：如：The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。这布很好洗。The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。这支笔写字很流畅。对比：对比：The books sell well.(主动句主动句)The books were sold out.(被动句被动句)The meat didnt cook well.(主动句主动句)The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat.(被动句被动句)第15页/共25页8.当当主主动动句句的的主主语语是是nobody,no one等等含含有有否否定定意意义义的的不不定定代代词词时时，被被动动句句中中将将其其变变为为anybody,作作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobody can answer this question.误：误：The question can be answered by nobody.正：正：The question can not be answered by anybody.The question can not be answered by anybody.9.当当否否定定句句中中的的宾宾语语是是anything,anybody,anyone等等不不定定代代词词时时，在在被被动动句句中中应应将将其其分别变为分别变为nothing,nobody,no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：They havent done anything to make the river clean.误：误：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean.正：正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.Nothing has been done to make the river clean.第16页/共25页10.以以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：放在句首：Who wrote the story?误：误：Who was the story written?正：正：By whom was the story written?By whom was the story written?第17页/共25页Rules for the Olympic Games1.Nobody _(allow)to enter the stadium without a ticket.2.Children_(not allow)to make a noise and upset the competitors.If they do,they will_(take away)from the stadium.3.No animals _(allow)in the stadium.4.Cheating by athletes _(excuse).They _(tell)to leave and _.(punish)5.No smoking will be _(allow).If you are discovered,you_(fine).will be allowedwill not be allowedbe taken awaywill be allowedwill be punishedwill be toldallowedwill be finedwill not be excused第18页/共25页1.His mother gave him a present.A present was given him by his mother.2.Someone caught the boy smoking.The boy was caught smoke.3.The teacher has made us work hard.We have been made work hard.4.We are to put off the meeting till Friday.The meeting is to be put till Friday.5.I need to repair the house.The house needs repairing.Correct the sentences(改错改错)：tosmokingtooffneed+doing=need to be done.第19页/共25页带双宾语（复合宾语）的被动语态1.His mother told him a story.He _ _ a story by his mother.A story _ _ _ him by his mother.2.I saw the girl drawing in class.The girl _ _ _ in class.3.He often lends me a pen.I _ often _ a pen by him.A pen _ often _ _ me by him.4.They take good care of the children.The children _ _ good care _.5.Who made it?_ _ it _ by?By _ _ it _?was told was told to was seen drawingam lent is lent toare taken of Who was madewhom was made第20页/共25页被动语态加上被动语态加上to1.They heard him say good-bye to his teacher after class.He _ _ _ _ good-bye to his teacher after class.2.They made him do the work just now.He _ _ _ _ the work just now.3.His teacher notices him play a computer.He _ _ _ _ a computer.was heard to saywas made to do is noticed to play第21页/共25页Make sentences in passive voice:The woman was given some flowers on Feb 27.第22页/共25页tips:put outshowrepairscoldfollowhurt123456第23页/共25页练习：改为被动语态1.His mother gave him a present.2.Someone caught the boy smoking.3.The teacher has made us work hard.4.We are to put off the meeting till Friday.5.They will be put up a notice on the wall.翻译下列句子6.去请医生了吗？7.这家公司因违反安全条例被罚款两万英镑。8.今天下午讨论这个问题。9.下届奥运会将在英国伦敦举行。10.今年，她被清华大学录取了。第24页/共25页感谢您的观看。第25页/共25页