高一英语语法知识点总结.docx
高一英语语法知识点总结 中学英语语法教学是中学英语学习的一个重要组成部分,下面是学习啦我为大家带来的高一英语语法学问点总结,信任对你会有帮助的。 高一英语语法学问点总结:主谓一样 一.概念: 主谓一样是指: 1) 语法形式上要一样,即单复数形式与谓语要一样。 2) 意义上要一样,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一样。 3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语, 一般来说,不行数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如: There is much water in the thermos. 但当不行数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 二.相关学问点精讲 1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如: Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 留意:当主语由and连结时,假如它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如: The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isB. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先解除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但细致辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。 2. 主谓一样中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一样。例如: There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。 There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。 2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一样。假如句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一样。例如: Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。 3.谓语动词与前面的主语一样 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一样。例如: The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师和一些学生在参观工厂。 He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。 4. 谓语需用单数的状况 1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如: Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。 2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如: The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟识的一本书。 3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如: Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做打算。 Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。 5.指代意义确定谓语的单复数 1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数确定。例如: All is right.一切顺当。 All are present.人都到齐了。 2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要依据主语的意思来确定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如: His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。 His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何状况下都用复数形式。例如: Are there any police around? 旁边有警察吗? 3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如: A number of +名词复数+复数动词。 The number of +名词复数+单数动词。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. 6.与后接名词或代词保持一样的状况 1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一样。例如: Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。 Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生主动参加体育运动。 2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。 A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。 3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一样。例如: Many a person has read the novel.很多人读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。 高一英语语法学问点总结:动词的时态 概念: 时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的改变来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时. 二.相关学问点精讲 1.一般现在时的用法 1) 常常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunday。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如: The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3) 表示格言或警句。例如: Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 留意:此用法假如出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。 4) 现在时刻的状态、实力、性格、特性。例如: I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。其次句中的now是进行时的标记,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。 2. 一般过去时的用法 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如: Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了? 2)表示在过去一段时间内,常常性或习惯性的动作。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在公路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热情欢迎。 3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作摸索性的询问、恳求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去) 留意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。 1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如: Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗? I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。 2)情态动词 could, would。例如: Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗? 3.一般将来时 1)shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求看法时常用于其次人称。例如: Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗? 2)be going to +不定式,表示将来。 a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天准备作什么呢? b. 安排,支配要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。 3)be +不定式表将来,按安排或正式支配将发生的事。例如: We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六探讨这份报告。 4) be about to +不定式,意为立刻做某事。例如: He is about to leave for Beijing. 他立刻要去北京。 留意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 4. 一般现在时表将来 1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或支配好的事情。例如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?非常钟后。 2)以here, there等起先的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 本文来源:网络收集与整理,如有侵权,请联系作者删除,谢谢!第13页 共13页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页第 13 页 共 13 页