初中英语语法之状语从句类型及考点讲义.docx

初中英语语法之状语从句类型及考点讲义状语从句概念解析状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子，可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子，可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句，是英语复合句学习的一个重点，在各类考试中都会经常出现，这次就来给大家讲解一下什么是状语从句。1. 时间状语从句：常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when instantlyI ran into the classroom as soon as the bell rang.2. 地点状语从句:常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.3. 原因状语从句:常用引导词：because=in that, since=now that, as, for特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that I 'm late because I didn't caught the bus.4. 目的状语从句：常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词： for fear that（唯恐/生怕），in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that You should book the hotel in advance so that the travel will be more easy.5.结果状语从句：常用引导词：so that, such that特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that He is so young that he can't have meal by himself.6. 条件状语从句：常用引导词：if, unless,特殊引导词：as/so long as（只要）, only if, providing/provided that（倘若）, supposing that（倘若）, in case that（以防）, on condition that You can go to London as long as you have passport.7.让步状语从句：常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever, as if=as though Though we are old, we still can do these by ourselves.8. 比较状语从句：常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， so,no more than; not A so much as B She is as pretty as her mother.9. 方式状语从句：常用引导词：as, as if, how特殊引导词：the way He didn't so it the way his brother did.辨析：while，when，as三者引导的时间状语从句时间状语从句算是状语从句中最简单的一类，也是我们日常生活交流中最常用的一类，虽然难度不大，但引导词也不少，仍然有不少同学会弄混那几个常见引导词的用法，这次就为大家带来as，when，while这几个词的辨析方法，一起看看吧。三者可表示“当时候”，区别如下：(1) 若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作，三者都可用：He fell asleep when while, as he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。【注】as 用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在期间”时，其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和发展(development) 意味的动词，一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如 be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等)，所以下面一句中的 while 不能换为 as：A：Im going to the post office. 我要去邮局。B：While youre there, can you get me some stamps? 当你在邮局时，能帮我买几张邮票吗?(2) 若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while：Dont talk while youre eating. 吃饭时不要说话。I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。但是，若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”之意思，通常用 as：She sang as she went along. 她边走边唱。(3) 若从句是一个短暂性动作，主句是一个持续性动作，可用 as / when 但不用 while：It was raining hard when as we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。(4) 若主从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，用 as / when：I thought of it just when as you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。(5) 若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况，相当于汉语的“随着”，一般用 as：Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 随着时间的推移，情况越来越好。As it grew darker, it became colder. 天色越晚，天气越冷。(6) 表示“每当的时候”(暗示一种规律性)，一般要用 when：Its cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷。He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。(7) 若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生，而是有先后顺序时，一般要用 when：I will go home when he comes back. 他回来时，我就回家去。(8) when 可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；while 也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”、“却”(表示对比)；但 as 则没有类似用法：We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发，这时天开始下雨了。He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。(9) as 后可直接跟一个名词，构成省略句，但 while, when 很少这样用：As When a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小时候在日本。(10) when 和 while 后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句，但 as 一般不这样用：When While reading, he fell asleep. 他看书时睡着了。When While in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦的时候你就去找她帮忙。that引导原因状语从句的四种情况状语从句是在复合句中作状语的从句，状语从句是历年高考试题中一个测试热点，下面一起来看一下that引导原因状语从句的四种情况吧！第一种情况连词that很少用来引导原因状语从句，但在某些表示情感的不及物动词之后，that 分句说明这种情感产生的原因，因而可以看作原因状语分句。例如：I rejoice that you are coming home.你要回家我很高兴。I grieve that he has lost his dear child.他失去了孩子我很悲伤。第二种情况在以表示情感状态的形容词为主语补语的SVC结构中，that-分句也可以看作原因状语分句，表示这种感情所产生的原因。例如：I am pleased that you have decided to come.I am sorry (that) I broke your pen.I am ashamed that you should be so cowardly.I was surprised that he disagreed.第三种情况在not that but that结构中，that=because，从而这种that-分句也是原因状语。He always travelled third-class, not that he was so miserly,but that he wanted to go side by side with ordinary people.第四种情况在下列结构中，that=as，它所引导的分句有时表示原因，有时表示让步：Coward that he was, he ran away as soon as the enemy attacked. (表原因)Coward that he was, he ran forward at the signal to attack（表让步）状语从句习题精选1. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _.A. will arrive          B. arrives            C. is arriving          D. is going to arrive2. The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain           B. rains            C. rained             D. is raining3. Remember to send me a photo of your son next time you _to me.A. write         B. will write           C. are writing           D. would write4. If city noises _from increasing, people _shout to be heard even at thedinner table in 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have to               B. are not kept; have toC. do not deep; will have to               D. do not deep; have to5. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed        B. completes       C. has been completed    D. is completed6. It is ten years _I left home.A. when        B. after            C. since              D. as7. He speaks English _he speaks his mother tongue.A. so good as         B. as good as          C. so well as          D. as well as8. Try _he might, he couldnt get out of difficulty.A. when           B. where         C. till                D. as9. _I saw the computer, I showed great interest in it.A. At first       B. For the first time         C. Until             D. The first time10. I dont think youll be able to understand this formula(公式) _you finish school.A. as if           B. only when                 C. even          D. even when11.The old tower must be saved, _ the cost.   A. however  B. whatever  C. whichever  D. wherever12.There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child.   A. ever since  B. now that  C. even though D. even as13.We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _, in fact, there were 40.   A. while   B. whether  C. what   D. which 1-5 BBAAD 6-10 CDDDD 11-13 BCA学科网（北京）股份有限公司