高三下学期英语踩线生查漏补缺练系列5.docx

高三下学期英语踩线生查漏补缺周周练系列第5周 练习一：阅读理解3篇A. History Fair CompetitionUnderstanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. Thornton fiddle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting, engaging, and fun!This Year's ThemeAll participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories： Performance Documentary(纪实作品) Essay WritingCategory RequirementsPerformance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used, they should truly represent a given period.Documentary: A visual presentation(such as a video, slide show, or computer project) no more than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer, screen, projector, and loudspeakers will be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23.Essay Writing: An academic paper of 2,000 to 2,500 words. No illustrations(图解) are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.Important DatesJanuary 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay，performance script(剧本), or documentary highlights.February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay.March 15 Performance and documentary committee previewMarch 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition7: 00A. M-9: 00A. M Participants signing in at the gym10: 00A. M. -6: 00PM. Competition and judges review7: 00P.M. Awards ceremony and picnic1. According to Paragraph 1, what is the major goal of understanding history?A. To preserve national traditions. B. To prepare for a history competition.C. To better know the present and future. D. To further explore historical mysteries.2. What is the theme of this year's competition?A. Technology advances science. B. Science interacts with technology.C. Science has made the study of history easy.D. Technology has improved the life of Americans.3. Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are _.A. special clothes and a screen B. a desktop computer and a CDC. a projector and special clothes D. a desktop computer and loudspeakers4. What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1,500 words to meet the category requirement?A. Include more information in the essay. B. Remove the references.C. Provide a cover for the essay. D. Explain the details with illustrations.5. What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?A. Preview performances and documentaries.B. Make comments on the materials. C. Improve the participant's first draft.D. Collect a second proposal from the participant.B. Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their massapparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”6. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills.7. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to _.A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed8. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might _.A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future9. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.C. Theres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isnt stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do thatit takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.Sustainability (可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.Nutrition Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterdays bread from the supermarket, youd eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.10. What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?A. It helps cooks to create new dishes. B. It saves time and effort in cooking.C. It improves the cooking conditions. D. It contributes to restaurant decorations.11. What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?A. It solves food shortages easily. B. It quickens the transportation of food.C. It needs no space for the storage of food.D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.12. According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food _.A. is more available to consumers B. can meet individual nutritional needsC. is more tasty than food in supermarketsD. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials13. What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?A. The printing process is complicated. B. 3D food printers are too expensive.C. Food materials have to be dry. D. Some experts doubt 3D food printing.14. What could be the best title of the passage?A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New TechnologyB. A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC. The Challenges for 3D Food ProductionD. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to TableA语篇导读应用文。短文介绍了桑顿中学举办的历史展览竞赛的相关信息。1. C细节理解题。由第一段“It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become”可知，历史告诉了今天我们是谁，将来我们要成为谁，它是我们重要的组成部分。所以根据第一段，了解历史的主要目地是更好地了解现在和未来。 2. D细节理解题。由This Years Theme中的“All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for American throughout history ”可知，所有的参与者都必须要说明通信或运输技术如何在整个历史过程中如何提高了美国人的生活质量。所以今年竞赛的主题是：技术提高了美国人的生活。 3. D细节理解题。由Documentary中的“A desktop computer, screen,projector,and loudspeaker will be available”可知，将提供台式电脑、屏幕、投影仪和扬声器。所以学校提供的视觉展示设备包括台式电脑和扩音器。 4. A细节理解题。本题采用排除法。由Essay Writing 中的“An academic paper of 2,000 to 2,5000 words ”No illustration are allowed。Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included”可知，要求一份2000至25000字的学术论文。不允许有插图。请不要包括封面。必须包括一份参考文献列表。所以通过排除法，可以看出B，C，D选项都被排除，故一个参与者需要在文章中列入更多的信息才能使一篇1500字的论文满足类别要求。 5. B细节理解题。由Important Dates中的“February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions ”可知，2月19日，教师委员会将对材料进行评估并发表意见。所以在2月19日。教师委员会将对材料做出评论。B语篇导读说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径。6. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday foodbeeswaxalso allows them to break down plastic.可知，研究结果发现，蠕虫分解日常食物的能力让它们可以分解塑料，也就是说它们可以消费塑料。故选C。7. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明这种酶来源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生的。故选B。8. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial processnot simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”可以推断出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。9. 写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。参考译文 吃塑料的虫子人类每年生产超过3亿吨的塑料。几乎一半的塑料堆积在垃圾填埋场，多达1200万吨的塑料在污染海洋。到目前为止，还没有有效的方法来处理塑料，但一项新的研究表明，答案可能在于一些饥饿的虫子的胃里。最近西班牙和英国的研究人员发现，大蜡螟的幼虫可以分解聚乙烯，40的塑料制品就是聚乙烯。该团队把100只大蜡螟幼虫放在一个聚乙烯商品购物袋上达12小时，虫子消耗并分解了约92毫克，或者说几乎是塑料袋的3。为了确认不单单是虫子的咀嚼对分解聚乙烯起作用，研究人员将一些虫子捣成糊状，并将其涂到塑料薄膜上。 14小时后，薄膜已经失去了13的质量显然是被虫子胃中的酶分解了。他们的发现发表在2017年的当代生物学上。该研究的共同作者Federica Bertocchini说，虫子能够分解它们的日常食物蜂蜡也可以使它们分解塑料。“蜂蜡是一种复杂的混合物，但聚乙烯的基本键碳碳双键也存在在蜂蜡中，”她解释说，“蜡虫进化出一种方法或系统来化解这种化学键。”田纳西大学的微生物学家Jennifer DeBruyn没有参与这项研究，她表示，这种蠕虫可以分解聚乙烯并不奇怪。但与以前的研究相比，她发现在这项研究中的分解速度令人激动。DeBruyn说，下一步将是确定分解的原因，是虫子本身还是它的肠道微生物产生的酶？Bertocchini同意，并希望她的团队的研究结果有朝一日能有助于用酶来分解垃圾填埋场中的塑料。但她期望使用某种工业生产的化学物质而不仅仅是“在塑料上投掷数百万只虫子”。C语篇导读科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。10. B推理判断题。根据文章Food production中叙述了没有经验的人可以用3D打印机做出复杂的巧克力雕塑和美丽的婚礼蛋糕，以及餐厅能够用3D打印出所有的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出3D打印的优势是节省了做饭的时间和精力。 11. D细节理解题。根据文章第三段Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料).可知，3D打印机可以使用可再生材料作为食物科。12. B推理判断题。根据文章第四段Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins.(食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物)，从而可以推断出3D打印出来的食物可以满足个人营养需求。 13. C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.可知，阻止3D打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用于3D打印因为很容易坏。 14. A主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。所以用标题3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology。参考译文3D打印方面有一个新的前沿领域开始变成焦点：食品。最近的发展使机器大规模地打印、烹饪和供应食物变得可能。该行业并没有就此停止。食品制作借助3D打印机，厨师可以在婚礼蛋糕上打印复杂的巧克力雕塑和美丽的装饰物。这不是每个人都可以做到的需要多年的经验，但打印机可以轻松办到。西班牙的一家餐厅使用Foodini“重新创作”食物的“样式”，使其“完全一样”，让厨师腾出时间完成其他任务。在另一家餐厅，所有供应的菜肴和甜点都是3D打印的，而不是从农场到餐桌。可持续性预计到2050年全球人口将增至96亿，一些分析师估计粮食产量需要提高50才能保持目前的水平。可持续发展正成为一种必然。 3D食品印刷可能有助于解决这个问题。一些专家认为，打印机可以使用水解胶体来替代熟悉的烹饪原料，水解胶体来自大量的可再生资源，如藻类和草。3D打印可以减少燃料的使用和排放。未来的杂货店可能储存数年不坏的“食品”，腾出货架空间，减少运输和存储需求。营养未来的3D食品打印机可以使加工食品更健康。哥伦比亚大学教授Hod Lipson说：“食品打印可以让消费者用定制的营养成分，如维生素来打印食物。所以，不要吃超市里昨天剩下的面包片，而是吃根据你的需求烤的东西。”挑战尽管最近3D食品打印取得了进展，但该行业面临许多挑战。目前，在使用打印机前，大多数原料必须变成糊状，并且打印过程非常耗时，因为原料以非常复杂的方式相互作用。最重要的是，现在大多数3D食品打印机都仅限于干燥的原料，因为肉类和奶制品很容易变质。一些专家对3D食品打印机持怀疑态度，认为比起家庭和高级餐厅，它们更适合快餐店。练习二：完形填空+语法填空1. 完形填空 My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard. That first year, I_1_ feeding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirrels. The squirrels had no_2_ coming up right to me for them. As the months went by, the rabbits saw that I was no 3 and didnt escape. When I threw carrot slices(薄片), they even came for a nibble(啃). Slowly they came to_4_ me, and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand.That second year, the rabbits _5_ me, and one would even sit up for slices! While I was feeding them, I_6_ that a groundhog who used to run away was now taking an _7_ interest in this food situation. I carefully extended a long _8_, with a keen eye on those teeth, and