高考英语语法状语从句之常考词汇分析讲义.docx

高中英语语法状语从句:常考词汇分析when, while, as的用法区别三者可表示“当时候”，区别如下：(1) 若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作，三者都可用：He fell asleep when while, as he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。【注】as 用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在期间”时，其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和发展(development) 意味的动词，一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如 be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等)，所以下面一句中的 while 不能换为 as：A：Im going to the post office. 我要去邮局。B：While youre there, can you get me some stamps? 当你在邮局时，能帮我买几张邮票吗?(2) 若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while：Dont talk while youre eating. 吃饭时不要说话。I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。但是，若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”之意思，通常用 as：She sang as she went along. 她边走边唱。(3) 若从句是一个短暂性动作，主句是一个持续性动作，可用 as / when 但不用 while：It was raining hard when as we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。(4) 若主从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，用 as / when：I thought of it just when as you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。(5) 若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况，相当于汉语的“随着”，一般用 as：Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 随着时间的推移，情况越来越好。As it grew darker, it became colder. 天色越晚，天气越冷。(6) 表示“每当的时候”(暗示一种规律性)，一般要用 when：Its cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷。He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。(7) 若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生，而是有先后顺序时，一般要用 when：I will go home when he comes back. 他回来时，我就回家去。(8) when 可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；while 也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”、“却”(表示对比)；但 as 则没有类似用法：We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发，这时天开始下雨了。He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。(9) as 后可直接跟一个名词，构成省略句，但 while, when 很少这样用：As When a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小时候在日本。(10) when 和 while 后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句，但 as 一般不这样用：When While reading, he fell asleep. 他看书时睡着了。When While in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦的时候你就去找她帮忙。although与though的用法区别 一、用作连词表示“虽然”，两者大致同义，可换用，只是 although 比 though 更为正式：Though Although it was raining，we went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。Though Although it was barely four oclock, the lights were already on. 尽管才四点钟，灯已经亮了。Though Although we are poor, we are still happy. 我们虽然穷，仍然很快活。 二、用作副词although 一般不用作副词，而 though 可用作副词，且一般放在句末(不放在句首)，意为“可是”、“不过”：Its hard work; I enjoy it though. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。He is looking fit, though. 但他看起来很健康。You can count on him, though. 不过你可以指靠他。 三、用于习语在 as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although：She closed her eyes as though she were tired. 她闭上眼，仿佛很疲劳似的。We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing. 我们感到仿佛目击了整个这件事似的。He is an honest man, I must say, even though I have opposed him. 尽管我反对过他，我还得说他是一个诚实的人。She was always afraid of men, even though she had lots of boyfriends. 尽管她有很多男朋友，她总是害怕男人。 四、用于倒装though 引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意：倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词)，但 although 一般不这样用：Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽穷，但这东西还是买得起的。Child though he was, he did quite well. 他虽是孩子，但干得很好。though/although习惯上不与but连用吗 一、通常的情况汉语中可说“虽然但是”，但按英语习惯，通常不能说althoughbut或thoughbut：虽然很危险，但我要试试。误：Although it is dangerous, but I will try.正：Although it is dangerous, I will try. / It is dangerous, but I will try.不能将汉语的“虽然但是”直译为(al)thoughbut，这是因为 (al)though 为从属连词，用于引导让步状语从句；而but在表示“但是”时，它是并列连词，用以连接两个句子使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词(al)though，又用了并列连词 but，使得句子一半像复合句，一半像并列句，从而导致错误。正确的做法是，任意去掉 (al)though 和 but 中的一个，使之要么成为复合句，要么成为并列句。 二、特殊情况如果就此认为although 永远不与but连用， 那也是错误的，请看两例：(1) But I didnt know that then, although I learned it later. 但我当时的确不知道此事，尽管后来我还是知道了。此句既用了并列连词 but，又用了从属连词 although，但它并未造成错误，原因是此句与上面所讨论的情形有所不同，即此句 but 用于 although 之前，but 在此仅起到与上文转折的作用，but 后的 I didnt know that then, although I learned it later.仍为一个复合句。(2) I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult. 我试着算这些账，但尽管我懂点数学，仍感到很困难。此句将 but 与 although 用在一起，但此句也没有错误。该句从总体来看，它是一个以并列连词 but 连接的并列句，而在该并列句的后面一句又是一个包含让步状语从句 although I knew some maths 的复合句这种句型就是所谓的并列复合句。此句也可改写为 I tried doing the accounts, but I found it very difficult although I knew some maths.although与though的用法区别 一、用作连词表示“虽然”，两者大致同义，可换用，只是 although 比 though 更为正式：Though Although it was raining，we went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。Though Although it was barely four oclock, the lights were already on. 尽管才四点钟，灯已经亮了。Though Although we are poor, we are still happy. 我们虽然穷，仍然很快活。 二、用作副词although 一般不用作副词，而 though 可用作副词，且一般放在句末(不放在句首)，意为“可是”、“不过”：Its hard work; I enjoy it though. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。He is looking fit, though. 但他看起来很健康。You can count on him, though. 不过你可以指靠他。 三、用于习语在 as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although：She closed her eyes as though she were tired. 她闭上眼，仿佛很疲劳似的。We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing. 我们感到仿佛目击了整个这件事似的。He is an honest man, I must say, even though I have opposed him. 尽管我反对过他，我还得说他是一个诚实的人。She was always afraid of men, even though she had lots of boyfriends. 尽管她有很多男朋友，她总是害怕男人。 四、用于倒装though 引导的让步状语从句可用部分倒装的形式(注意：倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词)，但 although 一般不这样用：Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽穷，但这东西还是买得起的。Child though he was, he did quite well. 他虽是孩子，但干得很好。使用because的五注意 注意一  because 除用于引导原因状语从句外，还可引出表语从句。如：It is because he is too foolish. 那是因为他太蠢了。It is because youre eating too much. 那是因为你吃得太多了。注意二  汉语可以说“因为所以”，但是英语却不能使用 becauseso这样的结构。改正的办法是，要么去掉其中的because，使之成为并列句；要么去掉so，使之成为主从复合句。如：因为他很忙，所以不能来。误：Because he is very busy, so he cant come.正：Because he is very busy, he cant come.正：He is very busy, so he cant come.注意三  汉语说“之所以是因为”，说成英语通常是The reason (why)is that 其中的that最好不用because代替。如：The reason (why) Im late is that because I missed the bus. 我迟到的原因是因为我没有赶上公共汽车。注意四  在 not.because. 这一结构中，not 有时否定主句，有时否定从句，具体视语境而定。一般说来，若 not 否定主句， 最好在because 之前用逗号，否则会引起歧义，如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释：I didnt go because I was afraid.a. 我没有去是因为怕。b. 我不是因为怕才去。但是若 because 之前有 just 修饰，一般认为 not 是否定从句而不是主句。如：You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。注意五  用于复合介词because of，其后可接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。如：He is here because of you (that). 他为你(那事)而来这里。We said nothing about it, because of his wifes being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我们对此只字未提。He left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting. 他离开了这家公司，是因为老板在会上讲的话。但是，because of后不能直接跟that从句或者是没有引导词的从句。如：由于我的病我不能干这工作。正：I cant do the work because of my illness.正：I cant do the work because Im ill.误：I cant do the work because of Im ill.误：I cant do the work because of that Im ill.学科网（北京）股份有限公司