高考英语语法状语从句运用分析讲义.docx

高中英语语法状语从句运用分析讲义什么是状语从句状语从句是指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子，可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子；可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步等从句。1. 时间状语从句：常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when instantlyeg.I ran into the classroom as soon as the bell rang.2. 地点状语从句:常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhereeg. Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.3. 原因状语从句:常用引导词：because=in that, since=now that, as, for特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given thateg. I 'm late because I didn't caught the bus.4. 目的状语从句：常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词： for fear that（唯恐/生怕），in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thateg. You should book the hotel in advance so that the travel will be more easy.5.结果状语从句：常用引导词：so that, such that特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree thateg. He is so young that he can't have meal by himself.6. 条件状语从句：常用引导词：if, unless,特殊引导词：as/so long as（只要）, only if, providing/provided that（倘若）, supposing that（倘若）, in case that（以防）, on condition thateg. You can go to London as long as you have passport.7.让步状语从句：常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever, as if=as thougheg. Though we are old, we still can do these by ourselves.8. 比较状语从句：常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， so,no more than; not A so much as Beg. She is as pretty as her mother.9. 方式状语从句：常用引导词：as, as if, how特殊引导词：the wayeg. He didn't so it the way his brother did.高中英语最重要的三类状语从句状语从句是英语中基础性的语法知识，状语从句指在句子中用作状语的从句。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等九种状语从句。那么在初中阶段，有几类重点的状语从句内容需要大家掌握。初中阶段，我们学习的状语从句主要有时间状语从句、条件状语从句和原因状语从句，今天我们就来学习以下这三种状语从句。一. 时间状语从句主要连词：when、while、as、as soon as(一.就.)、before、after、since等。【注意1】时间状语从句要符合“主将从现”的原则：即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。例如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。I will give you a call when I arrive at London.我到伦敦后会给你打电话。【注意2】since 的用法：since引导的时间状语从句必须是一般过去时，其主句必须时现在完成时。例如：Since I came to Beijing, I have lived here.自从我来到北京，我一直住在这里。【注意3】while 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词必须时持续的; when 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以持续也可以不持续。例如：While I was away last summer, my dog was taken good care of.我去年夏天离开的那段日子里，我的狗被照顾的很好。When I lived in that small village，I often went to play in the field.当我住在那个小山村的时候，我经常去地里玩耍。When the film ended，all the people began to go out of the cinema.电影结束后，所有的人都开始走出电影院。二. 条件状语从句主要连词：if, unless(除非=if.not.), as long as(只要)等。【注意】条件状语从句要符合“主将从现”的原则：即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。例如：If it is fine tomorrow，we will have a picnic outdoors.如果明天天气好，我们会在户外野餐。Unless you work hard, you won't succeed.(=If you don't work hard, you won't succeed.)除非你努力工作，否则你不会取得成功。As long as you go, I will go.只要你去，我就会去。三. 原因状语从句主要连词：because, as(由于), since(因为，既然)等。【注意】because 引导的原因是未知的原因，as和since引导的原因是已知的原因。例如：I didn't go to school because I was ill.因为我病了，所以没有去上学。As it is raining heavily, we won't go to the park.由于雨下得很大，我们就不去公园了。Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，让我们开始我们的会状语从句中的时态呼应问题尽管状语从句种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难！1.当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句和条件状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。如：I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一来我就告诉他。Call him if the manager doesn't wake up in time. 你们经理到时醒不来, 就叫醒他。注：有时也可见到 if you will 这样的说法，但那不是将来时态，而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(此处的 will是情态动词)。如：If you will wait for a moment, Ill go and tell the manager that you are here. 请等一下，我去告诉经理说你来了。2.与since 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态。如：He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来，他就一直住在这儿。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?注：在特定的语言环境中有时也可能用过去完成时或一般现在时。如：It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。状语从句中的省略问题1. 在when,whenever,while,until,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中,可以省略与主句中主语相同的主语和系动词或助动词。When (he was) a child he ran wild. 他小的时候很不守规矩。They were scolded whenever (they were) late for school.每次上学迟到,他们都要挨骂。While (he was) in prison,he wrote his first novel.他在狱中写出了第一部小说。As soon as (I am) on board I always feel sick. 我一上船就感到恶心。2. 在if,unless,once等引导的条件状语从句中。If (it is) not well organized,the meeting will be a failure.如果组织不好,会议就会失败。Substances have no tendency to expand unless(they are) heated.除非受热,物质不会有膨胀的倾向。Once (she was) inside her bedroom,she began to cry. 一走进卧室,她就开始哭。3. 在where,wherever引导的地点状语从句中,可以省略主语和系动词或助动词。Through long power lines,electricity goes where (it is) needed.电通过输电线输送到需要它的地方去。 4. 在than,as引导的比较状语从句中。he works better than (works). 她工作做得比我好。I'd rather play football than (I'd rather) go swimming. 与其去游泳我还不如去踢足球。Run as fast as you can (run). 你能跑多快就跑多快。5. 在“the+比较级,the+比较级”的句型中。The greater the force of action (is),the greater the force of reaction (is).作用力越大,反作用力也越大。6. 在whatever,however引导的让步状语从句中,可以省略系动词。He was determined to carry out the plan,whatever the cost (was).他决心执行计划,不管代价如何。However difficult the task (may be),we must finish it on time.不管这任务有多难,我们都必须按时完成。 7. 在“no matter+疑问词”引导的让步状语从句中,可以省略系动词be和重复的主语。Anyone,no matter who (he is),may point out my shortcoming.不管是什么人,谁向我指出缺点都行。Anyone who commits a crime must be punished no matter what his position (is).任何犯罪的人都必须受到惩罚,不管他地位多高。8. 在though,as though,as if引导的让步状语从句中。Though (he is) tall, he is very weak in health. 他虽然长得高,但身体却很弱。He went quickly out of the room as if (he was) in a hurry.他很快走出房间,好像很匆忙似的。学科网（北京）股份有限公司