定语从句专项语法讲义--高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册.docx

定语从句 在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常跟在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引出。关系代词: who, whom, whose, that, which 等关系副词: when, where, why等This is the man who wants to see you.先行词 Antecedent(a word,phrase,sentence)The beauty of a woman is not the clothes she wears, the figure that she carries or the way shecombs her hair. The beauty of a woman must be seen from in her eyes, because that is the doorway to her heart, the place where love resides. Only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly ever acquire the skill to do difficult things easily . it brings together television,radio,newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.He said he had no time, which isnt true. My girlfriend likes dancing with other guys, which really drives me crazy.关系词(relative pron. /adv.)重复指代先行词,起连接主句和从句的作用,并且在从句中充当一定成分。一、关系代词which;thatWhich在定语从句中做主语或宾语。that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。This is the book (which/that) I bought yesterday.The man who/that employed me is an engineer.He is going to invite his distant relatives (who/whom/that) he has never seen before二、关系代词who;whomWho（主格）在定语从句中做主语或宾语。Whom（宾格），在从句中做宾语，做宾语时可以省略。The man who is talking to my father is a professor.He is the man (who/whom) I saw in the reading-room yesterday.注意一：在下列几种情况下，定语从句的关系代词只能用that:1 当先行词为不定代词时，如：something, anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, littleAll that I know is his name.2 先行词有all, every, no, some, any, only, few, little等修饰时You can take any seat that isnt occupied.3 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时The first one that arrives here will be given a little gift.The most beautiful place that I have visited is Jiu Zhai Gou.4 先行词既指人，又指物时The places and the people that I visited has left a deep impression on me.5 先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时He is the very man that I am looking for.6避免关联词在一个句子中重复时Who is the man that is making a speech to the students?Our hometown is no longer what it used to be.Our hometown is no longer the place that it used to be. (that在从句中做表语,不用which)He is not the man that he was.(that做表语) 他已不是过去的他了.The way that /in which/不填 these students look at problems is not right.She is the top student, who they say has won championship in the race.注意二：下列情况下，定语从句的关系代词只能用who当先行词为人称代词或指示代词时，Those _who_are over 80 can get free tickets.He _who_ is not handsome at 20,not strong at 30,not rich at 40,not wise at 50 will never be handsome,strong,rich or wise.注意三：在“介词+关系代词”这种结构中，关系代词通常用which或whom, 该关系代词不能Fortunately, I have obtained the job for which I applied. =which I applied for. = that I applied for.省略。Do you know the man (who /that/ whom) my father is speaking to?Do you know the man to whom my father is speaking ?He is the man (who/whom/that) I am looking for.Wrong: He is the man for whom I am looking.1. 看从句的动词：所用动词与定语从句的动词构成固定搭配The goals for which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.2. 看从句的形容词He refered me to some reference books with which Im not very familiar.They will pass along their fresh impressions to the youth groups in which they are active.3. 看先行词选介词The ease with which miss Jin cracked the complex sentence was unbelievable.The ease was unbelievable.Miss Jin cracked the complex sentence with ease and the ease was unbelievable.=The ease (Miss Jin cracked the complex sentence with which) was unbelievable. 对于这个复杂的句子，金老师能够如此轻而易举的分析出来，这真是让人难以置信！4. 看句意选介词Our life is like a wheel with six spokes: family, financial, physical,mental, social, and spiritual. The physical spoke is our health, without which nothing makes sense. 我们的人生就像一个六轴心的齿轮： 家庭、经济、身体、思想、社会、精神。其中，身体之轴就是指我们的健康，没有了健康，任何事情都是毫无意义的。5. 表示所属关系或者部分与整体的关系用ofThe total cultivational area is 13,ooo acres, of which 10,000 acres are irrigated fields.Living in the desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least.三、关系代词whose 的用法The boy got the first prize. The boys father is an engineer.The boy whose father is an engineer got the first prize.When I looked through the window, I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away. 窗户朝南的房间是我的。The room whose windows face south is mine.The room the windows of which face south is mine.The room of which the windows face south is mine.四、关系副词when,where, why在从句中做状语,相当于“介词+which”结构。Beijing is the place. I was born in the place.Beijing is the place in which I was born.Beijing is the place where I was born.September1,1985 was the day when I was born. = on whichCan you tell me the reason why he is late? = for whichThis is the village (that/which) I visited last year.This is the village where I was born.Ill never forget the days (which/that) we spent together.Ill never forget the days when I stayed in this city.This is the reason which/that can explain his absence.This is the reason why he is absent.Where 引导定语从句,先行词可以是含有地点意义的其他各种名词Annie: you know that dream where you are walking down the street naked and everyone is looking at you?Becky: I love that dream.Annie: That was nothing compared to this humiliation, nothingCheating is mostly likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low. He has reached the point where a change is needed.五、as引导的定语从句, as在句中可做主语,表语和宾语。1.such-as- ; the same -as-We have found such materials as are used in their factory.This is the same thing as we are in need of. This is the same book as I read yesterday.2. the same-as- the same-that- She wears the same dress as her sister yesterday. (同样的连衣裙)She wears the same dress that she wore at the party.(同一件连衣裙)3.Such as such thateg. This is such a difficult problem as nobody can work out. This is such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out.固定结构in this case,in ones honour,with ones help during the time He may be late, in which case we should wait for him.介词+关系代词+to doThe farmer used wood to build a house in which he could store grains. in which to store grains. to store gains in.3学科网（北京）股份有限公司