Unit 2 Sports and Fitness 语法知识点总结讲义--高中英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册.docx

语法：关系代词引导的定语从句和不定代词一、定语从句(一)定语从句概述1定义：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫作先行词。2构成：3关系词：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词：when, where, why4分类： 限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句。5关系代词的用法关系代词指代在从句中充当的成分人物句子主语宾语表语定语whowhomthatwhichwhose（二） 指物时that和which的区别用that不用which的情况1当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。2当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。3当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。4当先行词既指人，又指物时。She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。5当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？6当关系词在定语从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海已不是过去那个样子了。用which不用that的情况1在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。This is the room in which he lives.这是他住的房间。2引导非限制性定语从句时。Tom came back, which made us very happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。（三）指人时that和who的区别:指人的代词如the one,those等后常用thatThose who are interested in Chinese traditional culture can sign up for it. （四）whose+名词The house whose roof was damaged in the big fire belongs to my grandparents.在大火中屋顶被毁坏的那座房子是我祖父母的。My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.（五） 介词+whom/whichThe house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的那个房子现在已经变成一家鞋店了。The man with whom our English teacher is talking is Toms father.二、 不定代词可数/不可数不定代词代替可数名词one，each，many，another，either，neither，(a)few代替不可数名词much，(a)little代替可数/不可数名词none, any, other, all, some, both复合不定代词anyone，anybody，anything；someone，somebody，something; everyone, everybody, everything; nobody, nothing学科网（北京）股份有限公司