非谓语动词之现在分词 课件-高考英语专题复习.pptx

非谓语动词非谓语动词 精讲版之现在分词精讲版之现在分词 一点点心动老师一点点心动老师非谓语动词在英语中，有动词特点，却不作句子谓语，在英语中，有动词特点，却不作句子谓语，有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（）；动名词（the Gerund）；分词）；分词（the Participles）即：现在分词（）即：现在分词（the Present Participle）和过去分词（）和过去分词（the Past Participle）。）。1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.2）都可以被状语修饰：）都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3）都有主动与被动）都有主动与被动,“体体”式（一般式；进行式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：式；完成式）的变化。例如：He was punished by his parents.（谓（谓语动词被动语态）语动词被动语态）He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）（动名词的被动式）We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）（谓语动词的完成时）Having written the composition,we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）（现在分词的完成式）4）都可以有逻辑主语）都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.（谓（谓语动词的逻辑主语）语动词的逻辑主语）The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）（动词不定式的逻辑主语）We are League members.（谓语动（谓语动词的主语）词的主语）We being League member,the work was well done.（现在分词的逻辑主（现在分词的逻辑主语）语）2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。式和分词），在句中作状语。谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别1 I am a student.Being a student,I go to school everyday.现在分词作原因状语现在分词作原因状语2 I do谓语谓语 my home work.I like to do宾语宾语 my homework.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语I keep on doing宾语宾语 my homework.非谓语非谓语3There is no fire.There being no fire,I cant cook.4 The house burned.谓语谓语 实际意义的词实际意义的词The burning house was built last year.Ieatanapple.Heeatsanapple.Weareeatinganapple.Eatinganappleisgoodforyourhealth.动名词作主语。Heatealotoffood,thenhewenttobed.Havingeatenalotoffood,hewenttobed.现在分词作状语AfterIhadfinishedmyhomework,Iwenttobed.Havingfinishedmyhomework,Iwenttobed.现在分词现在分词句子成分主语谓语宾语定语状语宾补表语同位语现在分词可以充当定语状语宾补表语过去分词过去分词句子成分主语谓语宾语定语状语宾补表语同位语过去分词可以充当定语状语宾补表语不定式用法归纳不定式用法归纳动词不定式具有名词、动词、形动词不定式具有名词、动词、形容词和副词的多种特征，它在句中容词和副词的多种特征，它在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语等成分。语、宾语补足语、同位语等成分。（除了谓语外的任何句子成分）（除了谓语外的任何句子成分）句子句子成分成分主语谓语宾语定语状语宾补表语同位语不定式动名词动名词句子句子成分成分主语谓语宾语定语状语宾补表语同位语动名词我们遇到的带现在分词的句子我们遇到的带现在分词的句子I saw him playing chess under the big tree.看到这个结构就能反应出现在分词作宾补。看到这个结构就能反应出现在分词作宾补。Having finished my work,I sat down to rest.1翻译翻译2 分析前后两个动词发生的先后顺序（在先则用完成式）分析前后两个动词发生的先后顺序（在先则用完成式）3 能否转化为状语从句能否转化为状语从句注意逗号注意逗号1 现在分词短语作状语，经常在句首，逗号现在分词短语作状语，经常在句首，逗号隔开，后面是一个句子。分词短语表示原隔开，后面是一个句子。分词短语表示原因，时间，条件等。因，时间，条件等。The problem being discussed is one of great importance.1 分词短语出现的位置，分词短语出现的位置，再翻译，确定分词短语充当的成分，放在再翻译，确定分词短语充当的成分，放在名词后，作定语。名词后，作定语。The news is encouraging and exciting.1位置位置：系动词后，就是表语。：系动词后，就是表语。Not having been told when the meeting began,I was late.现在分词的形式现在分词的形式一般式一般式 ，完成式，完成式，被动式，被动式，被动完成式被动完成式doingdoing，having donehaving done，being done being done ；having been having been donedone现在分词的意义现在分词的意义1 在语态上，现在分词无论是及物动词在语态上，现在分词无论是及物动词还是不及物动词，一般都表示主动的意还是不及物动词，一般都表示主动的意思。思。2 在时态上，现在分词表示正在进行的在时态上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作。动作。现在分词的作用：充当句子成分现在分词的作用：充当句子成分我们知道共有我们知道共有8种句子成分：种句子成分：1主主 2谓谓 3宾宾 4表表 5定定 6状状 7 宾补宾补 8同位同位语语现在分词具有形容词、副词的特性。现在分词具有形容词、副词的特性。那么判断一下现在分词可以充当哪些句子那么判断一下现在分词可以充当哪些句子成分？成分？答案：答案：4表表 5定定 6状状 7宾补宾补 现在分词作表语1位置：系动词后Am,isare,was,were,还有become,lookget,grow,feel,seem,sound,appear,remain,taste等Thestorysoundsinteresting.经常是物作主语，表示主语的特征。作表语的现在分词和现在进行时中作表语的现在分词和现在进行时中的现在分词的区别的现在分词的区别1 The news sounds encouraging.这个这个消息听起来鼓舞人心。作表语的现在分词消息听起来鼓舞人心。作表语的现在分词表示主语的表示主语的特征或性质特征或性质2 The situation in our country is encouraging the people.我国的形势鼓我国的形势鼓舞人心。舞人心。进行时中的现在分词表示正在进进行时中的现在分词表示正在进行的动作。行的动作。现在分词作定语现在分词作定语位置：名词的前面或后面位置：名词的前面或后面现在分词作定语含有主动，进行的意味现在分词作定语含有主动，进行的意味He rushed into the burning house.In the following years he worked even harder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.正与老师谈话的那正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。个人是我们班长的父亲。分词短语作定语放被修饰的名词后。当变成分词短语作定语放被修饰的名词后。当变成定语从句的时候，时态有两种：进行时和一定语从句的时候，时态有两种：进行时和一般时。般时。1The pupils playing on the playground are my classmates.=The pupils who are playing（从句用进行时，（从句用进行时，表示动作正在发生）表示动作正在发生）2The building standing over there is our library.=The building which stands over there is our library.（从句用一般现在时，与句中谓语的时态（从句用一般现在时，与句中谓语的时态一致）一致）They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago.三十年前，三十年前，他们住在朝北的房子里。他们住在朝北的房子里。在过去时在过去时里，仍然可以出现现在分词。里，仍然可以出现现在分词。=They lived in a room which faced the north thirty years ago.（定语从句用的过去时，与原（定语从句用的过去时，与原句谓语的时态一致。）句谓语的时态一致。）现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补现在分词通常和see,watch,notice注意,observe观察,hear，listento,lookat,feel,find,make,have,get,keep,leave,catch（抓住）等及物动词连用，作宾语补足语。Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceive收到，接到us.Keepthefireburning.Dontleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.动词宾语宾补同时出现比较：在比较：在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等等动词后，既可用动词后，既可用v-ing form做宾补，也可做宾补，也可用不带用不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语，两的动词不定式做宾语补足语，两者中间有些差别，用者中间有些差别，用v-ing form，表示动，表示动作正在发生，即动作发生的过程，还没有作正在发生，即动作发生的过程，还没有结束；用动词不定式表示动作发生了，即结束；用动词不定式表示动作发生了，即动作过程结束了。如动作过程结束了。如I saw him wander/wandering in the street.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语分词和分词短语可以在句子中作状语来修分词和分词短语可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间时间,原因，条件，结果，让步或伴随状况。原因，条件，结果，让步或伴随状况。但分词的状语表示的是次要的动作。分词但分词的状语表示的是次要的动作。分词作状语可以作状语可以变成相应的状语从句。变成相应的状语从句。标准模式：标准模式：分词、分词短语，分词、分词短语，主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+A 现在分词作原因状语现在分词作原因状语表示原因表示原因,相当于一个表示原因的状语从句多放句首相当于一个表示原因的状语从句多放句首.1Being so poor in those days,we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital.(=As we were so poor in those days,)2As I did not know how to do it,I asked him to help me.Not knowing how to.3 As he is a clever boy,he draws well.Being a clever a boy4 Because Tom was ill,he didnt go to see the film.=Being ill,TomIfweatherpermits,wewillgothere.Weatherpermitting,wewillgothere.B.用作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，多放在用作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，多放在句子前部。如：句子前部。如：Turning around,he saw an ambulance driving up.When he turned around,.）When I was walking along the street,I met an old friend of mine.=Walking.She couldnt help smiling when she thought of the jokes.=Thinking of the.After they had done their homework,they went out to play basketball.=Having done their.把状语从句替换成分词短语作状语的条把状语从句替换成分词短语作状语的条件是，从句和主句的主语必须一致。件是，从句和主句的主语必须一致。Because I hadnt received an answer,I wrote again.=Not having received.The compositions must be handed in after they have been written.=Having been written,When they heard the good news they couldnt help laughing.=Hearing the good news,they couldnt help laughing.=On hearing the good news,they couldnt help laughing.(on+动名词）动名词）C.作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句，多放在作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句，多放在句子前部。如：句子前部。如：Working hard,you will succeed.=If you work hard,you will succeed.=Work hard,and you will succeed.=Work hard;You will succeed.You will find the post office if you turn to right.=Turning to right，you will find the Turn to right,and you will findD.作伴随状语，表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，和谓作伴随状语，表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，和谓语动作或状态是同时发生的，一般放在句子后部。如：语动作或状态是同时发生的，一般放在句子后部。如：They sat facing each other.They ran out,talking and laughing.She stood by the window and read an English poem.=She stood by the window,readingThe children stood around and looked at the famous musician.=The children stood around,lookingE.表示结果状语，通常放在句子后面。如：表示结果状语，通常放在句子后面。如：The bus stopped suddenly,thus causing the delay.He died,leaving nothing but debts.把下列句子变为分词短语作状语把下列句子变为分词短语作状语1.When I put my hand on his chest,I could feel that his heart was still beating.2.When an American woman meets someone for the first time,she may or may not offer her hands.3As you are busy,you neednt go.4As I havent attended the meeting,I know nothing about the thing.5.She now trusted nobody because she has been cheated many times.1.Putting my hand on his chest,I could feel his heart still beating.2.Meeting someone.,an American woman3Being busy,you neednt go.4.Not having attended the meeting,I know5.Having been cheated many1.The bird flu _ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far,_ sixteen persons.A.sweeps;killed B.swept;killing C.sweeping;to kill D.sweeping;killing2.The speech which he made _ the football match bored a lot of his fans to death.A.being concerned B.be concerned C.concerned D.concerning DD何时用现在分词的被动形式何时用现在分词的被动形式当既要表达正在进行，又要表达被动的含义，用现在分当既要表达正在进行，又要表达被动的含义，用现在分词的被动式词的被动式The question being discussed is very important.=The question that is being discussed is very important.Do you know the boy being punished by his father?=Do you know the boy who is being punished by his father?如果指将来的动作的被动含义就用不定式的被动式作定如果指将来的动作的被动含义就用不定式的被动式作定语语 You are welcome to the party to be given in our class at 7:30 pm,Dec 25.1）现在分词的主动语态：）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。之前发生，常作状语。例如：例如：They went to the park,singing and talking.他们边唱边说向公园走他们边唱边说向公园走去。去。Having done his homework,he played basket-ball.做完作业，做完作业，他开始打蓝球。他开始打蓝球。2）现在分词的被动语态：）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。动的动作。The problem being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题正在被讨论的问题很重要。很重要。Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。的孩子又犯了同一个错误。必背必背高中阶段有一些固定的动词高中阶段有一些固定的动词-ing形式短形式短语，如语，如generally speakinghonestly speakingfrankly speaking,judging from.,considering.,talking of.,supposing.given,providing/provided,takinginto considerationto be honest,to tell you the truthto make matters/things worse等，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。等，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种动词这种动词-ing短语可当作一个插入语。短语可当作一个插入语。Generally speaking,boys are more interested in science than girlsJudging from his accent,he must come from Canada.Considering how poor he was,we decided to let him attend the concert for free.Supposing it rains,what will you do?用动词的正确形式填空。用动词的正确形式填空。1.Dontletmecatchyou1.Dontletmecatchyou(do)thatagain!(do)thatagain!2.2.(hear)thebadnews,sheburstinto(hear)thebadnews,sheburstintotears.tears.3.3.(hear)thebadnews,shewasstill(hear)thebadnews,shewasstillcalmasusual.calmasusual.4.Whenhewoke,hefoundhimself4.Whenhewoke,hefoundhimself(lookafter)byanurse.(lookafter)byanurse.5.Illhaveyouall5.Illhaveyouall(speak)Englishwithin(speak)Englishwithinayear.ayear.6.6.(live)inthecityforyears,he(live)inthecityforyears,hekneweverystreetthere.kneweverystreetthere.7.7.(live)inthecity,hetriedtoknowevery(live)inthecity,hetriedtoknoweverystreetthere.streetthere.doingHearingHaving heartbeing looked after speaking Having lived Living 8.8.(walk)alongtheriver,theyhear(walk)alongtheriver,theyhearsomeonesomeone(shout)forhelp.(shout)forhelp.9.9.(recognize)theoldfriendofhisin(recognize)theoldfriendofhisinhischildhood,hewentovertosayhellotohim.hischildhood,hewentovertosayhellotohim.10.10.(recognize)him,hepretended(recognize)him,hepretendednottohaveseenhim.nottohaveseenhim.11.Isawtheboy11.Isawtheboy(climb)upthetree(climb)upthetreeandand(sit)inthetree,(sit)inthetree,(sing)(sing)happily.happily.12.Canyousmellsomething12.Canyousmellsomething(burn)?Go(burn)?Gotothekitchenandhavealook.tothekitchenandhavealook.14.Iamsorry.Ikepthim14.Iamsorry.Ikepthim(wait)formany(wait)formanyhours.hours.walking shouting Recognizing Having recognized climb sitting singing burning waitingThankyou!