公司管理与组织行为学.ppt

1Management Principles and Organizational Control 2Introduction to this course.nThis is a general management course designed for managerial executives with potential to hold responsibilities over company profit and loss.nThe objective of this course is to introduce legal devices and measurement tools in organization to:oidentify responsibility of each individual,to avoid the abuse of power,conflict of interest,loss of control,or any other form of irregularity that will result in damage to the interest of the shareholders,or effect the moral of the employee;ocover the practice management can depend on to discover any irregularity,assess the damage,identify the responsible party,and to take prompt corrective action to minimize damage.oProvide frame work for loyal employee to participate and devotee themselves in business decision without hesitation.nThis course will be introduced through a total of 32 hours of class-room type lecturing,slides presentation,and discussion.3The contents of this course contains the general ideas used by many senior executives to assure the optimal control of the business.nThis course is divided into three sections:I.System and organizationII.Planning cycleIII.Employee motivation4ContentsI.System and organizationA.OrganizationB.Management by systemC.AuditingII.Planning cycleA.Introduction(What)B.OrganizationC.Purpose(Why)D.Structure(How)E.Responsibility(Who)F.Planning period and cycle(When)G.MeasurementIII.Employee MotivationA.Compensation packageB.Human resource developmentC.Work environmentD.Objectives 5I.System and organizationA.Organization1.Company ownership and types2.Business objectives and scope3.First shareholders meeting4.Articles of Association5.Company By-laws6.Share issuing7.Shareholders meeting8.Board of Directors9.Chief Executive Officer(CEO)/President/General Manager(GM)10.Organization trendsSection I.System and organization covers the following topics.6Section I.System and organization covers the following topics.I.System and organization(continued)B.Management by system1.Authority and responsibility2.Organization Chart3.Job description sheet4.Authority and approval manual5.Reporting system6.Company policies and procedures7.Performance Management system8.Management information system9.Information Control system10.Committees7I.System and organization(continued)C.Auditing1.Financial auditing2.System auditing3.Quality auditing4.EPA related issues3.Legal and obligation auditingSection I.System and organization covers the following topics.8Company or organizations ownership may take on several forms nGovernment-Treasury,MinistriesnGovernment Departments-Provincial or special shareholding departments/organizationsnPrivate individualsnPartnersnPublicnHolding companynAny combination of the aboveI.System and organization-A.Organization-1.Company ownership and types9The company or organization type may also vary nUnlimited companynLimited companynPartnershipnShareholding companynForeign owned companyI.System and organization-A.Organization-1.Company ownership and types10Unlimited company nTwo or more owners(or specified by law)nUnlimited responsibilitynManagement by ownersI.System and organization-A.Organization-1.Company ownership and types11Limited company.n5 to 21 shareholders as specified by lawnShareholders responsibility is limited to the investmentnNormally privately held and managed by shareholders or entrusted managersI.System and organization-A.Organization-1.Company ownership and types12Partnership company.nOne or more shareholders with unlimited responsibilitynOne or more shareholders with limited responsibilitynNormally managed by responsible partyI.System and organization-A.Organization-1.Company ownership and types13Shareholding company.nShares owned by seven or more shareholdersnShares can be traded,bought,and soldnShareholders responsibility limited to the amount investednManaged by a board of directorsnSubject to Government supervisionI.System and organization-A.Organization-1.Company ownership and types14Foreign company.nOwnership by foreign entity,company,or citizennSubject to local Government lawnSubject to trade and tax agreement between the two GovernmentsI.System and organization-A.Organization-1.Company ownership and types15The business objectives usually states the interest of the investors.nFinancialoMaximum return of capital employedoLong and short term profitnOthersoMarket shareoLeadership in technologyoManpower developmentoWithin Government policiesoHigh ethical standardsoEmployment obligationoEnvironmental protectionoSocial obligationoEffective communicationoWeather changes in the environmentI.System and organization-A.Organization-2.Business objectives and scope16The business scope identifies the business limits.nIdentify and focus businessnEmphasize strengthsnRestrict dilution of resourcesnRestrict authority of the board and managementnLimit risknEliminate conflict of interestI.System and organization-A.Organization-2.Business objectives and scope17Shareholders meeting are held by the owners of the shares of the company to.nDefine and approveoArticles of Association(Incorporation)oBy-laws(if any)nAppoint directorsnAppoint supervisornActs as the highest authority of a companyI.System and organization-A.Organization-3.First shareholders meeting18Every company has Articles of Association(Incorporation)nMost important document of a companynPart of initial incorporation papersnSupplemented by the by-laws if needednSpecify critical information as requested by law and needed by the shareholdersI.System and organization-A.Organization-4.Articles of Association19The contents of the Articles of AssociationnCompany namenLocation-JurisdictionnDurationnObjectivesnBusiness scopenShares/CapitalnPar valuenForming of the BoardnVoting rightsnMajority votesnIndemnitynPre-emptive rightsnInterested partsnBusiness needs shareholders approvalnInitial DirectorsnBy-lawsnIncorporatornAnnual meetingsI.System and organization-A.Organization-4.Articles of Association20The Company By-laws define the.nOffice addressnShareholders meetingsnBoard of DirectorsnCompany OfficersnShare CertificatenDividendsnSupplement of information to the Articles of IncorporationnFiscal yearnDebt rationAccountsnReportsnThird party auditorsnMajor business decisionsnOthersI.System and organization-A.Organization-5.Company by-laws21Share issuingnPar valuenTotal number of shares approvednInitial issuingnIssuing of balance sharesnRegistration/RecordingnTransfernAdditional share issuingnShareholders right of additional share issuednSale of sharesnGovernments rolenAnti-trust lawnVotingnLiquidationI.System and organization-A.Organization-6.Share issuing22Shareholders meeting are held regularly as specified by the By-lawsnAnnual meetingnLocation of meetingnA Notice is sent to all Shareholders nVoting of sharesnTransfer books and fixing records datenQuorum of ShareholdersnVoting listnRestrictionsI.System and organization-A.Organization-7.Shareholders meeting23Board of Directors are specified by the By-lawsnNumber of elected DirectorsnTerms of DirectorsnVacanciesnQuorum of DirectorsnAnnual meetingnPlace of meetingnElection of the ChairmannVoting rightsnCompensationnSupervisorI.System and organization-A.Organization-8.Board of Directors24The Chairman of the Board is elected by the Board of Directors and.nCould be the Chief Executive Officer(CEO)nCalls and manages the Board meetingsnCasts final vote during any deadlocknActs on behalf of the Board to appoint the CEO and company PresidentnResponsible for share issuingnAnswers for shareholders meetingnMaintains relationship with shareholdersI.System and organization-A.Organization-8.Board of Directors25The Board of Directors are responsible for.nIssuing of new sharesnComments to the shareholders any change in the Articles of AssociationnAppointment of CEO and PresidentnApproves the compensation package for the CEO and the PresidentnApproval of the annual budget and capital budgetnApproval of year end resultsnDeclares dividendnApproval of organizational chart as proposed by the PresidentnEstablishes banking roles of the companynApproval of authority of CEO and PresidentnAppoints third party auditornApproval of major business decisionsnApproves major company policiesnFiscal yearI.System and organization-A.Organization-8.Board of Directors26The Board of Directors normally wish to approve or to be informed on important decisions involvingnModification or changes to the scope of the businessnPlans to merge or acquire another companynAcquisition of real propertynAny business effecting the environment,labor,and union issuesnChanges in the debt ration or further loansnGranting of guarantee or warrantynMajor deviation from approved business plan or budgetnArising or potential legal issuesnIssues related to business ethical standardsnConflict of interestsnHiring or firing or senior or key officersnMajor unplanned changes in the organization structureI.System and organization-A.Organization-8.Board of Directors27The CEO,President,or General Manager is responsible for.nAchieve highest return on investmentnSafe guard shareholders investment while minimizing risksnOrganize and maintain a dynamic,committed,happy and balanced team to fulfill company goalnMaximum utilization of all resourcesnEffective communication with the Board of DirectorsnWeather changesnMaintain high ethical standardsnFulfill social obligationsnAhead of industry in Technology and Human Resource developmentI.System and organization-A.Organization-9.CEO/President/General Manager28Organization trends vary by industry,country,and company age.nCentralizednDecentralizednShared servicesnVertical slide conceptnMergingnBreaking-upnHierarchicalnFlat organizationsI.System and organization-A.Organization-10.Organization trends29CentralizednSame nature of businessnNo social/cultural barriernEffective controlnChanging of environmentnEfficientnUniform policies and proceduresnTighter controlnTend to have more layersnAlways control until affiliates are readyDecentralizednDifferent business naturenDifferent markets or customer groupsnSocial/cultural barriernGeographic reasonsnChanging of location situationnCan be efficientnFlat organizationnMore flexiblenPossible only whenoEqual conceptoCommunication systemoWell established reporting systemComparison of centralized and decentralized organizationsI.System and organization-A.Organization-10.Organization trends30Shared services organizationnBusiness units remain separate entities in many locations or countriesnSupport functions are shared and placed at single locationnImproved service to customersnTypical shared service functions include Finance,Accounting,Procurement,Information Technology,and Human ResourcesnSignificant synergies may be obtained nReduced operating costsnUser pay system for charging costs to business unitsnMust conform to local laws and regulations in multiple locationsI.System and organization-A.Organization-10.Organization trends31Vertical slide conceptnProduct line responsibilitynFrom manufacturing,research,to marketingnSharing of service manpower and facilitiesnTotal profit and loss responsibilitynPerformance by return of capital employed or cash generation ratenA must when different product/business with different:oProduct lifeoCompetitionoBusiness environmentoProfit and return ratesI.System and organization-A.Organization-10.Organization trends32Merging of businessnResult of new communication/office facilitiesnNew management conceptnBusiness fitnFlatter organizationsnBetter managersnReduce top level/overhead costsnMinimize duplication of effortsnConsolidation to increase powernReduce competition nHowever,it isoGoverned by the GovernmentoAnti-trust laws may applyoMay not be beneficiary to the end-usersoChance of foul playnTends to increase shareholder stock valueI.System and organization-A.Organization-10.Organization trends33Company breaking-upnCompanies may separate due to the following:oNature of businessoDifferent cultureoCompetitive pressuresoRaw material changeoMarket changeoTerritoryoPoliticaloImproved efficiencyoReduced overheadoReduce risk/liabilitynAsset re-assignmentnSourcing/sharing servicenTo dilute ownership stock valuenStill may be under one ownershipI.System and organization-A.Organization-10.Organization trends34Hierarchical versus flatter organizationsHierarchical organizationnMultiple layersnMany jobs/titlesnCentralized controlnCareer focusednGreater emphasis on managing labor costsI.System and organization-A.Organization-10.Organization trendsFlat organizationnFewer layersnFewer jobs/titlesnTend to be decentralizednExternal focusednGreater emphasis on managing accountabilitynFlexiblenStrategy driven35Section I-Part B covers the following topics.I.System and organization(continued)B.Management by system1.Authority and responsibility2.Organization Chart3.Job description sheet4.Authority and approval manual5.Reporting system6.Company policies and procedures7.Performance Management system8.Management information system9.Information Control system10.Committees36A clear definition of authority and and responsibility of each job makes the system more effective.nEmployee performs better with greater job satisfactionnEfficiency in decision makingnCost saving can be achievednClearly identify cause of problem and find a faster solutionnOne person receives only one order from one supervisornAvoid jump of levels for instruction and reportingnEasier to evaluate performancenReduce personal conflictI.System and organization-B.Management by system-1.Authority and responsibility 37An organization chart graphically identifies the reporting structure.nCovers the whole companynDefines divisions,departments,or any work unit nClearly identifies responsibilitynAdministration/function/matrix reporting systemnOne supervisor conceptnAvoid crossing of reporting linesnProperly updated and approved at all timesnAll parties must be fully and timely informed of any revisionsI.System and organization-B.Management by system-2.Organization Chart38A job description sheet should be available for each position in the company.nThe job description sheet identifies:oTitleoLocationoPerson reporting tooPeople responsible foroPurposeoJob responsibilities and dutiesoDecision making authorityoPerformance measuresoEducation requirementsoExperiences and other requirementsnAlways up-dated and approvednRelated parties should be timely informedI.System and organization-B.Management by system-3.Job description sheet39Each function should have an authority and approval manual.nSpecify the authority,responsibility,and approval procedures for:oSalesoFinanceoAssetsoManufacturingoMaterialsoHuman resourcesoTechnologyoPublic relationnNormally managed/communicated through a manualnClearly identify level of job/responsibilitynClearly identify limitsnProperly updated and approved at all timesnAll parties are informednProvides consistency for companies operating in multiple locationsI.System and or