英语四级段落翻译高招.ppt

英语四级新题型翻译提分有高招一、复习建议：1.加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词的积累 2.广撒网，学习、揣摩这些话题相关的难点单句训练 做这些单句训练时，先阅读1遍整个段落，专门挑出自己觉得比较难翻的句子，然后重点练习这一句的翻译。难句会了，简单句自然不在话下。在做单句翻译时，先尝试自己翻，翻完以后，对照答案，看解析，总结和揣摩其中好的词汇和表达。一、复习建议：1.对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。参考译文：For most young people,marriage means setting up a family independently,which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices.词汇点评：组建家庭：set up a family。有同学容易使用start a family。start a family表示begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。越来越：一般看到“越来越”大家习惯译为more and more，比如“越来越多的人”more and more people，但译为a growing number of people可令人眼前为之一亮；而表达“变得越来越”的含义时，使用become increasingly的译法更好。物价的不断上涨：constantly rising prices，而不是price rising。表达点评：本句是一个表转折关系的并列句，后半句中的“物价的不断上涨使这一切”中的“这一切”指代前半句中提到的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”，因此，用which引导的非限制性定语从句，让整个句子简洁明了。使字句的翻译：“物价的不断上涨”是“这一切变得困难”的原因，因此处理为原因状语，用because of来带出原因。2.过去十年中国房地产（real estate）行业高速发展。参考译文：The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in Chinas real estate.词汇点评：十年：decade 高速发展：develop rapidly;high-speed development表达点评：本句可直译为For the past decade,Chinas real estate developed rapidly，但如果以“过去十年”作为主语，套用句型time+see/witness+sth.则表达更加生动形象，更易提分。see/witness意为“见证，证明”，具体使用时注意时态应和语境一致。所以本句译为：The past decade has witnessed更地道，注意这里使用现在完成时。“过去十年”作主语时，注意动词短语“高速发展”要转换为名词短语。3.胡同（Hutong）是北京的一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远的历史。参考译文：Hutong,with a history as long as that of Beijing city,is a major feature of Beijing.词汇点评：特色：feature;characteristic 与一样：as as表达点评：文化类段落翻译中经常考到“特色”一词的翻译，大家一定要牢记。前半句“胡同（Hutong）是北京的一大特色”是句子主干，后半句“有着与北京城一样久远的历史”可用介词短语with a history as long as that of Beijing city来表达，以插入语的形式置于主语之后，这样整个句子的中心更突出。二、考场“强心针”1.问：翻译过程中，表达优美重要，还是正确性重要？答：正确性更重要。如果觉得自己不能翻得特别好，那就首先保证尽可能少的语法错误，意思表达到即可，抓到分是关键。2.问：平时积累了不少词汇和表达，到了翻译段落时，突然不会了，最后翻得不是太好？答：这种情况分两种原因：1）太急着下笔，段落含义没有理解透彻。同学在做汉译英时，一定要首先认真把整个中文段落多读几遍，理顺其中隐含的逻辑关系和信息，确定用哪个词做主语、谓语、定语，然后再下笔真正开始翻译。2）同学的语法功底稍有欠缺，这种情况，尽量把汉语的长句子拆成短句子。同样是要多读中文，才能先把中文拆分好，然后逐句、逐句去翻译。3.问：我翻译的时态总跟答案的时态有出入，怎么办？答：举几个实例来跟同学讲解下。1）遇到“近年来某种现象越来越”的表达。首先揣摩该现象是否有“正在进行而且将一直持续下去的趋势”，如果符合该条件，使用现在进行时就可以把这个隐含意义完美表达出来。2）强调过去某一现象或从过去延续至今的动作对现在造成的影响，多用现在完成时态。比如“过去十年，中国的房地产业经历了前所未有的高速增长。”这句中就要使用现在完成时态而非一般过去时。策略一积累常用词汇和词组 比如说，2013年12月的翻译内容涉及的多是有关中国传统文化，像：中国结(The Chinese knot)，中餐(Chinese food)，茶文化(Chinese tea)等。如果大家能够事前准备到一些中国传统文化的专有词汇，像：祈求好运、瑰宝、福、和、瓷器等，问题就会变得简单很多。策略一遗产heritage;legacy;inheritance，保护protect;safeguard;preserve;shelter，古人the ancients，古老的ancient。很多同学吐槽单词不会写，但也不能空着，一定要想到合适的表达，可以灵活地变通，比如：“第一流的”可以说成first-rate，也可以说成excellent，“尊敬”可以说成respect，也可以说成 think highly of。当然要想灵活自如，备战过程中背诵积累是必不可缺的。策略二积累常见表达 翻译的文章主题和题材类似的情况下就会不可避免的出现一些重复表达，比如：Chinese tradition and culture中国传统和文化;the treasure of China 中国的瑰宝;an important part of.的重要组成部分;all over the country/world遍布全国/全世界;the most popular最流行;Most.,while.很多(人).,而(另一些人).。这些表达在介绍中国各种传统习俗时会频繁用到。因此，我们可以把一些常见的表达背诵下来。策略三平时多训练 改革后的四六级翻译题材贴近生活，翻译灵活性强，题目会给我们很大的发挥空间，一般都不会太难。只要大家平时做好了相应的训练，基本都可以做到灵活应对。例如这样的句型“烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术”(cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art);“精心准备的中餐既可口又好看”(The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking);“中餐既味美又健康”Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy;这里边就多次出现了大家熟悉的“不仅.而且.”“既.又.”句型表达。挖掘考点 由样题和2012年12月的真题可以看出，翻译题越来越重视中国的历史、文化，也就是越来越接地气。所以，建议考生有意识的积累和背诵一些和中国节日、历史事件、经济和社会发展相关的词汇。关注以反映中国社会为主的一些英文杂志和报纸。例如中国日报及其网站。大家每天看看网站中头条新闻，配合中文新闻的背景，就可以学到很多表达。推荐一个中国日报网站下面的一个小栏目：language tips，有大量简单实用的双语文章。实战演练【汉译英】波士顿咨询公司最近做的一项研究显示，到2020年中国将会有2.2亿家庭收入在2万到100万美元的富裕消费者。这些消费者中75%住在“较小城市”。随着网络的发展，较小城市的消费者的一种必然趋势是他们更加依赖社交网络服务上的信息。很多网络顾客都是通过微信、微博和QQ空间分组的。据估计今年中国将会有2.5亿消费者进行网购，位于四线城市的消费者平均每人会花费他们50%或者更高的工资在网购上，这一数据要比一线城市的消费者的花费高。实战演练【参考译文】A recent study conducted by the Boston Consulting Group says there will be 220 million affluent consumers,who are from households earning between$20,000 to$1 million,in China by 2020,and 75 percent of them will live in“smaller”cities.With the development of the Internet,an inevitable trend among these consumers is they are much more dependent on information from social networking services.Many of the websites customers are“grouped”by Wechat,Weibo and QQ Zones.It is now estimated that 250 million Chinese consumers will shop online this year and the average shopper in a fourth-tier city in China will spend 50 percent or more of their income on e-commerce than those in top-tier cities。实战演练中国贸易 对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正迅速成为他们最重要的双边(bilateral)贸易伙伴。然而，中国和世界其他国家之间贸易不平衡的 问题已经引发了关注。尤其是美国对中国的贸易赤字是最大的，达 到了 3150亿美元，这个数字是十年前的三倍还多。贸易纠纷(trade dispute)也越来越多，主要是关于倾销(dumping)、知识产权和人民 币的估价。实战演练【参考译文】For many countries around the world,China is rapidly becoming their most important bilateral trade partner.However，there have been concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the rest of the world.The US in particular has the largest trade deficit in the world with China at$315 billion,more than three times what it was a decade ago.There have also been a growing number of trade disputes brought against,mainly for dumping,intellectual property and the valuation of the yuan.实战演练蒙古族牧民(herdsmen)的生活方式很有特色。牧民们喜欢吃牛羊肉和奶制品(dairyproduct)，喜欢喝红茶和砖茶(bricktea)。他们大多住在圆形的蒙古包(ger)里。蒙古包顶上开有天窗，用来通风(ventilation)和采光。蒙古族是一个能骑善射、能歌善舞的民族。每年七、八月举行的那达慕大会(Nadama Fair)，是蒙古族人民一年一度的盛大节日，大会上有赛马、摔跤、射箭(archery)比赛和精彩的歌舞表演。实战演练参考答案：The Mongolian herdsmens life style hasdistinguishing features.The herdsmen like eating redmeat and dairy products，and drinking black tea andbrick tea.Most of them live in circular gers withwindows on the top,used for ventilation andlighting.The Mongolians are a group talented in riding and shooting，and singing and dancing.The Nadama Fair,which is held in July and August every year，is the Mongolian peoples annualgrand festival.There would be horse racing，wrestling，archery race and excellent musical anddance performances on the festival.实战演练景泰蓝(Jingtailan)艺术是雕刻、绘画和塑瓷(porcelainmaking)的独特融合。据说景泰蓝于元朝时诞生于北京，现存最古老的景泰蓝就造于元朝。但是景泰蓝在明朝时经历了巨大的变革。那时，人们认为景泰蓝最为复杂。然而，由于熔铜技术(copper-melting techniques)的伟大发明，景泰蓝于清朝时达到顶峰。用景泰蓝能够制成大件物品，如花瓶、其他器皿和装饰品，也能制成小物品，如耳环、手镯或筷子。新中国成立以来，涌现出了很多新品种的景泰蓝，在国内外享有很高的声誉。实战演练参考答案：The art of Jingtailan is a unique combination of sculpture,painting and porcelain making.It is said to have originated in Beijing during the Yuan Dynasty.The oldest extant piece was made during the Yuan Dynasty,but Jingtailan had a major change during the Ming Dynasty.At that time,Jingtailan was considered to be the most complicated.However,it reachcd its peak during the Qing Dynasty because of great innovations in copper-melting techniques.Jingtailan can be made into large objects such as vases and other large utensils and decorative items,as well as small items like earrings,bracelets or chopsticks.Since new China was founded,quite a number of new varieties have been created.It enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad.实战演练茶文化是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，有着悠久的历史。一代代的种植者和生产者使中国制茶工艺变得日臻完善。茶和中国文化有着极其紧密的联系。茶研究涉及的范围很广，有着丰富的内容。中国茶可以分为五类。每一种都有不同于其他种类的味道和外观。绿茶是办公室职员的最佳选择，它有助于防止电脑辐射(computer radiation)，补充人体水分(moisture content)。实战演练参考答案：With a long history,tea culture is an important partof Chinese traditional culture.Generations ofgrowers and producers have perfected the Chineseway of manufacturing tea.Tea has an extremelyclose relationship with Chinese culture.The study oftea covers a wide field and has a very rich content.Chinese tea can be classified into fivecategories.Each kind is different from others in flavor and appearance.Green tea is the bestoption for office workers since it can help prevent computer radiation and supplementmoisture content of the human body.实战演练宴会通常在饭店的包间(private rooms)举行，要么是晚宴，要么是午宴。主宾(the guest of honor)通常第一个进入房间。在正式的晚宴上，主陪(the main host)和主宾对面坐，主陪背对着门，主宾面对着门。客人应该等着被引导到他们的位置上，直到主宾和主陪都坐下之后，客人才可以坐下。宴会的主菜通常包括凉菜和热炒，通常还有象征富足蕴意的整条鱼，还有汤。上水果则标志着饭局的结束。实战演练参考答案：Banquets are usually held in restaurants in privaterooms，either for dinner or lunch.The guest ofhonor typically enters the room first.At a formaldinner the main host and guest are seated facingeach other，the host with his back to the door andthe guest facing the door.Guests should wait to be guided to their places and should not situntil the main host and guest have done so.Banquets usually have main course which includescold dishes,hot stir fries,often with a whole cooked fish which symbolizes abundance,andsoup.Serving fruit signals the end of the meal.实战演练中国通过了第一部物权法，下令对北京的几百座四合院进行保护。然而，批评家们指出，所谓“保存”常常只是拆掉老房子，然后依照传统样式盖一座新的来代替。马岩松曾经说过：“现在的做法就是在假造古董，这不好。胡同吸引了很多旅游者，但这里贫困的老住户要么就像主题公园里的演员，要么就被踢出去，以便富人们可以购买这些房子。老北京的精神正在消亡。”实战演练重点词汇：物权法 property law 四合院 courtyard 拆掉 knock down 代替 replace 假古董 fake antique 胡同 hutong 主题公园 theme park 踢出去 kick out 消亡 die away 实战演练参考答案：China has passed the first property law,ordering to protect Beijings hundreds of courtyards.But critics say,so-called“conservation”just means knocking down an old building and replacing it with a structure in a traditional style.For this,Ma Yansongs opinion is“The way is just to build fake antiques,it is not nice.These hutongs attract many tourists.The poor,old residents are either like actors in a theme park or they are kicked out so that the rich can buy these houses.The spirits of oldBeijing are now dying away.”实战演练中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英语词典，至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。实战演练重点词汇：通常usually 反应reflect 媒体media 愈来愈increasingly 获取acquire 指的是 refer to 炫耀 show off 没有品位have no taste 收入include into 加进add to 成.的一部分becoming a part of.实战演练参考答案：The Chinese hot words usually reflect the social and cultural change,some of them are increasingly popular with the foreign media.For instance,although the Tuhao and Dama are old words,they have acquired new meaning.Tuhao(local tyrants)referred to the village landlords who oppressed the peasants and servants in the old days,but now it is used to refer to the rich who spends money like water or likes to show off.That is to say,the local tyrants have wealth but no taste.Dama(aunt)is a calling to middle-aged women,but now it especially refers to the Chinese women who buy large amount of gold when gold tumbled recently.These two words are likely to be include in the new OXford English Dictionary.Until now,about 120 Chinese word have added in the OXford English Dictionary,becoming a part of the English language.实战演练泼水节(Water-Spri nk|ing Festi va|)是傣族最隆重的节日，也可以称之为傣族的“新年”。泼水节已有700多年的历史，一般在每年的4月13日举行，持续3至7天。大家用纯净的清水相互泼洒，祈求洗去过去一年的不顺，新的一年带着美好的愿望再次出发。人们把第三天视为最美好最吉祥的日子。在这天，人们观看龙舟竞赛，跳孔雀舞。活动内容丰富，场面极为热闹。除了我国傣族，亚洲其他国家，如泰国，也有庆祝泼水节的习俗。实战演练Water-Sprinkling Festival(Songkran)is the most important festival of the Dai Ethnic People，which can be also calledNew Year”of Dai People Songkran has over 700 years of historyIts generally held on April 13 each year and lasts about 3-7 daysPeople splash each other with pure water,to wash away the bad luck in the past year,so as to start again with good wishes for the new yearThe third day is taken as the most wonderful and auspicious dayOn this day，people watch dragon boat races，and perform Peacock dances，with abundant activities of festival happinessIn addition to the Dai people in China，Songkran Festival is also observed by other Asian countries including Thailand 实战演练随着人口老龄化增长趋势的日益显现，空巢老人中存在的问题也逐渐突出，关爱空巢老人越来越成为人们关注的话题。空巢老人是指那些孩子不在身边、独自居住的老年人。他们缺少家人关爱，生活寂寞。因为孩子们长时间不回家，家庭如同空巢一般。这些老人们很容易产生不良情绪。作为子女，即使远在异地，也应经常通过电话与父母进行感情和思想的交流。实战演练With the increasingly apparent trend of aging population，empty-nest elderly become increasing concerns for peopleCaring about lonely elders become topics of increasing concernElders of empty nest refer to those lonely elders who live by themselves without their children nearbyThey lack in family love and live in lonelinessSince their children are not with them for long，their homes look like empty nestsThese elders are apt to have negative emotionsFor the children of elders，though living far away,its incumbent for them to keep regular communication with their parents on their feelings and thoughts 实战演练谈起我国的吉祥艺术。不得不提鼻烟壶(Snuff bottIe)。尽管它的历史不长，却浓缩了历史悠久的中国传统文化；尽管鼻烟是舶来品，但鼻烟壶经过中国能工巧匠的精心打造，很快便成为一个独立的、崭新的工艺术美术品种；尽管它很袖珍，但集多种工艺之大成，被广大收藏爱好者视为珍贵文玩。鼻烟壶所蕴含的吉祥文化，不仅在装饰中表现得淋漓尽致，而且还表现在材质、造型等方面。实战演练Snuff bottle is a must-be-mentioned item in terms of art of mascot in ChinaDespite its short history,it concentrates the features of traditional Chinese culture with long historySnuff bottle originated from abroad，but it quickly became an independent new work of art with meticulous efforts by Chinese craftsmenIt looks small，but integrates the culmination of a variety of techniques，and is deemed by many collectors to be valuable artworkSnuff bottle implies auspicious culture，which is not only vividly displayed in decoration，but also in materials，shapes and so on 实战演练故宫是世界上规模最大、保存最完整的帝王宫殿建筑群。它位于北京的中心，是明清两朝的皇宫。明朝的十四个皇帝和清朝的十个皇帝曾在这里居住，他们统治中国的时间长达491年。故宫始建于明朝永乐四年，历经15年方才建成，迄今已有570多年的历史。它占地72万多平方米，四周有各类宫殿房屋9900余间。故宫的建筑集中地体现了中国古代建筑艺术的精湛水平和民族特色。实战演练Forbidden City is the worldS largest and best preserved imperial palace complexIt is located in the center of Beijing，and served as the Palace for the Ming and Qing dynasties emperors of the Ming dynasty and 10 emperors of the Qing dynasty once lived hereThey ruled China for up to 49 1 years in totalConstruction of the Imperial Palace started in the 4th year of Yongle reign of Ming Dynasty,and it took 15 years to finish the constructionIt has been standing there for more than 570 years by nowThe complex covers more than 720，000 square meters，with more than 9900 rooms in the surroundin9Sophisticated art of ancient Chinese architecture and national wisdom is integrated in the buildings of the Imperial Palace 实战演练对联(Chinese couplet)也叫“对子”，由两句形式相通、内容相连的语句组成。第一部分称作“上联”，贴在右侧，第二部分，即“下联”则贴在左侧。两行字不仅字数要一致，而且相同位置上的字必须对仗工整(antithetic in form)，平仄协调(harmonious in tone)。按用途不同，对联可以分为很多种，在新年贴的对联也叫“春联”，表达了人们的美好祝福与愿望，也为新年增添了节日气氛。实战演练The Chinese Couplet The Chinese couplet is also called Duizi It consists of two sentences which are identical in form and interrelated in meaning The first line is called upper couplet,which is put up or hung on the right side,and the other is called lower couplet,which is placed on the left side Not only are the two lines required to have an equal number of characters,the words stand in the same position in each of the two sentences must be antithetic in form and harmonious in tone For different purposes,there are different couplets The couplet for the Spring Festival is called Chunlian,which conveys the blessing and good wishes of the people and enhances the festive atmosphere of the New Year,too 实战演练每年农历七月初七是中国的情人节(ValentineSDay)。关于这个节日有一个美丽的传说：王母娘娘(the Queen ofHeaven)最年幼的女儿“织女”爱上了人间的男子“牛郎”，王母反对仙女与凡人相爱，就用银河(Milky Way)将他们隔开。但牛郎和织女的爱情感动了人间的喜鹊(magpie)，每年七月初七这一天，喜鹊会搭起一座鹊桥让这对情侣相见。而如今在这一天，年轻的女子常在月下向织女祈祷，期望得到美满的姻缘。实战演练Chinese Valentines Day The seventh day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar is Chinese Valentines Day There is a beautiful legend about this festival:Zhi Nu the youngest daughter of the Queen of Heaven,fell in love with Niu Lang,a cowherd on earth Zhi Nus mother was opposed to the love between a fairy and a human,so she separated the