初中宾语从句ppt.ppt

TheObjectClause宾语从句宾语从句什么是宾语什么是宾语？1.Heusuallyplaysbasketballafterschool.2.Idontknowwhattodonext.3.Shewantedtogotocollage.4.Wethink(that)MrWangwillteachusEnglish.5.TheyaskedmeifIhadfinishedmyhomework.6.Do you know where they played footballyesterday?一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念在复合句中，充当主句的宾语的从句就叫作宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语 序时 态1.引导词引导词：取决于从句的语气：取决于从句的语气1.从句是陈述语气时，引导词用that.2.从句是一般疑问语气时，引导词用if或whether.3.从句是特殊疑问语气时，引导词用特殊疑问词。e.g:Imafraidthatyouareright.Iwanttoknowifitwillraintomorrow.Ididnthearwhathewantedmetodo.DoyouknowwhosebagIamcarrying?HeaskedmeifItaughtEnglish.注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.Ihear(that)_.（一小时（一小时后他会回来）后他会回来）2.Hesaid(that)_.（他非常想念我们）（他非常想念我们）3.Theteachertoldus(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）（地球围着太阳转）hewillbebackinanhour hemissedusverymuch theearthmoves(goes)aroundthesun由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句1.Heasked.(谁能回答这个问题谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_?（他们在等谁他们在等谁）3.Heasked _.（谁的书法是班上最好的谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_.我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会）5.Canyoutellme_.（他在哪儿他在哪儿）6.Couldyoutellme_?（我该怎么去车站我该怎么去车站）7.Wouldyoutellme_?（为什么火车迟到了为什么火车迟到了）whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwellhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由从属连词由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Iwanttoknow_.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_.（他是否能来）（他是否能来）3.Idontknow_.（是否（是否要下雨）要下雨）if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornot1、当句末为、当句末为or not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.2、在不定式前，、在不定式前，引导词只能用引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.例如：例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.2.2.语序语序：宾语从句的语序要用陈述句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述句的语序 1).Miss Li wants to know where my uncle will stay next week.2).Do you know if he will join us?3).He wants to know what time it is.e.g:CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotheScienceMuseum?Heaskedhimwherehecamefrom.PleasetellmewhereIcanbuythebeautifulflower.请注意观察红色字体的语序请注意观察红色字体的语序3 3、主、主.从句的时态呼应从句的时态呼应1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。2.主句是一般过去时主句是一般过去时,从句用过去范畴的时态。从句用过去范畴的时态。3.主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真 理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g:He says that he is reading a book now.He said that he would work hard.They said they had been to France.The students asked me if the earth goes around the sun.时态：具体的具体的时态的变化时态的变化 1.1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。e.gIhear(that)TomhasbeentoGuilintwice.Ihear(that)shewillcometomorrow.Ihear(that)Jimwenttoworkanhourago.Ihear(that)heisinterestedinEnglish.2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。e.gHesaid(that)hewouldgotoXian.Hesaid(that)hewasillyesterday.Hesaid(that)hewasreadingabook.Hesaid(that)hehadhadsupperalready.3.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.gHesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.ThePEteachersaidthatdoingmorningexerciseisusefultoourhealth.标点符号标点符号：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。e.gHeaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim.DoyouknowwhereLiPingis?Pleasetellmewhichcolouryoulikebest.Wouldyoupleasetelltheteacherhowoldyouare?4、宾语从句的标点符号、宾语从句的标点符号5、宾、宾语从句的否定形式语从句的否定形式：一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是think、expect、believe、guess、imagine、suppose等等表示表示“认为，猜想认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。的否定式转移到主句中。e.gIdontthinkitsgoingtorain.Idontbelieveshewilllendyouthemoney.但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是hope，则不，则不适用于此规则。适用于此规则。e.gIhopehewontcome.6、宾宾语语从从句句与与直直接接引引语语变变间接引语的关系。间接引语的关系。直直接接引引语语变变为为间间接接引引语语之之后后通通常常都都构构成成一一个个宾宾语语从从句句。因因此此我我们们要要掌掌握握好好宾宾语语从从句句的的用用法法必必须须也也要要熟熟悉悉直直接接引引语语变变间间接接引引语语的的规规则。则。DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech引语的概念引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引述别人的原话，叫 _;_;直接引语直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。间接引语间接引语直接引语通常都用直接引语通常都用_括起来，括起来，引号引号“”间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _。宾语从句宾语从句DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechShesaid,“Ilikesinging.”Shesaid,“Iamwaitingforabus.”Shesaid,“IvisitedEuropelastyear.”Shesaid,“IhavenevermetanAmerican.”Shesaid,“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Shesaidthatshelikedsinging.Shesaidthatshewaswaitingforabus.ShesaidshehadvisitedEuropetheyearbefore.ShesaidshehadnevermetanAmerican.Shesaidthatshewouldseemethenextweek.SUMMARY 直直接接引引语语是是陈陈述述句句,变变为为间间接接引引语语时时用用连连词词that（可可省省略略）引引导导宾宾语语从从句句.从从句句中中的的人人称称、时时态态、指指示示代代词词、时间状语、地点状语时间状语、地点状语等相应变化等相应变化.、人称的变化、人称的变化一一随随主主二二随随宾宾第三第三人称人称不变不变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称在变间引后人称不变称不变She said,“I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me,“They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.注注:直引若是客观真理直引若是客观真理,变为间引时变为间引时,时态不变时态不变.时态变化2 2直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词时时间间状状语语地点状语地点状语方向性动词方向性动词this,that,thesethosenow,then,todaythatdaythisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforefourdaysagofourdaysbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextmonththenext/followingmonthheretherecome,go,bringtake情态动词情态动词can,may,mustcould,might,hadto（2011，北京），北京）1.Doyouknow_tomorrow?At8oclock.A.whendidshecomeB.whenshecameC.whenwillshecomeD.whenshewillcome（2010，北京），北京）2.Doyouknow_theCapitalMuseum?-NextFriday.A.whenwilltheyvisitB.whentheywillvisitC.whendidtheyvisitD.whentheyvisited(2009，北京），北京）3.Canyoutellme_?A.whereLindawasB.whereisLindaC.wherewasLindaD.whereLindais(2008，北京），北京）4.Doyouknow_forShanghailastnight?At9:00.A.whattimeheleavesB.whattimedoesheleaveC.whattimeheleftD.whattimedidheleaveD DB BD DC C练一练：单项选择练一练：单项选择（）1.Please tell me_.I have some good news for him.A.where Robert lives B.where does Robert liveC.where Robert lived D.where did Robert live （2008 重庆市）重庆市）（）2.We dont know_ It is said that he was born in Canada Awhat he is Bwhen he was born Cwhere he comes from Dif he lives here （2008 广东汕头）广东汕头）（）3.May I come in?Im sorry I am late.Come in,please.But could you please tell me _?A.why you are late again B.what were you doing thenC.who you talked with D.how do you came to school（2008 河南省）河南省）（）4.Could you tell me_?A.When will Mary come back B.When Mary comes backC.When Mary will come back （2008 青海省）青海省）（）5.What did you say just now?（2008 四川资阳）四川资阳）I asked _.A.that I could open the door B.could I open the doorC.how could I open the door D.how I could open the door（）6.Do you know _,Mike?（2008 山西省）山西省）On May 12th,2008A.when the earthquake took place in Wen Chuan B.when did the earthquake take place in Wen ChuanC.when the earthquake will take place in Wen Chuan 1.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey_(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)will be goes were playing has returned had been 6.Heaskedwhatthey_ateightlastnight.(do)7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)8.Ithinkyou_abouttherelayrace(接力赛）接力赛）now.(talk)9.Ididntknowwhomtheletters_from.(be)travels are talking were were doing10.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth_(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey_yesterday?(do)wrote moves has taken had been risesdid将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.7.“Whenwillhecomeback?”Tomasked.Tom said that he would come back.Jim asked if he was doing his homework.Tom asked when he would come back.8.“HowcanIgettothestation?”Couldyoutellme?9.“Whyisthetrainlate?”Wouldyoutellme?10.“WhereisTom?”Theyasked.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was.