初中阅读理解之词义猜测题.pptx
go die去死初中阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧授课老师：黄文婷授课老师：黄文婷定义分类解题技巧习题操练猜测词义题考查指定的词、短语或句子在特定语境中表达的具体含义什么是猜测词义题？什么是猜测词义题？设问方式：1.The word“”means _ in Chinese.2.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to.?3.The word“”could best be replaced(替换)by _.4.In Paragraph 2,the underlined(划线的)word/sentence“”means/refers to _.“双引号”Tom calls Zip the keep dog because _.1.The underlined expression giving a hand to(Paragraph 3)isclosest in meaning to _.2.The underlined expression go him one better in paragraph 4means _.3.The underlined word them in paragraph 1 refers to _.4.The underlined word This(Paragraph 4)refers to _.5.Dolphin Intellegence is probably a story about dolphins _.猜测词义题分类？猜测词义题分类？非指代型：根据语境推断某个词的意思指代型：it,they,them,this,that等指代的对象进行判断20112012201320142015推测词义题113222011-2015年广州中考卷解题技巧解题技巧一、语境法二、构词法瞻前顾后，联系上下文词形变化现象和规则解题技巧一解题技巧一语境法语境法瞻前顾后瞻前顾后对比转折对比转折因果关系因果关系同义关系同义关系定义解释定义解释举例子举例子指示关系指示关系Idol refers to a person that is loved and admired(赞赏)very much.语境法定义解释a.以be(是),mean(意指),refer to(指的是)为线索猜测词义 b.以be called as(被称作),be considered as(被认为)，be defined as（被定义为）为线索猜测词义Motion may be defined as a continuous(连续不断的)change of position.He was a prestidigitator who entertained(使有兴趣)the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing(吞)fire,and other similar tricks(把戏).语境法定义解释c.定语从句为线索来推测词义d.以标点符号（括号，破折号）Tornadoes(violent and destructive whirl wind)normally occur on hot,humid(a little wet)day,but not necessarily in the summer.What does the word“shoplifter”mean?A thief B.A guide in a shop C.the owner of a shop D.A porter Yet,shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems,such as shoplifters,who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.语境法举例子以列举的句子为线索猜测词义。特征词：such as,like,for example,for instance,include,consist of,.Defined most broadly,folklore includes all the customs,belief and tradition that people have handed down from generation to generation.My name is TomI want to join a club in my schoolIm not famous（著名的）now，but maybe I can be famous somedayI cant sing or dance or act，but I can do many other thingsI can play three kinds of instruments：the guitar，the violin and the drumsI think I can be in the music clubMaybe I can be a famous musicianI like to read storybooks and I can write storiesMaybe I can be a famous writerI like sports too，but I am not good at sports.Can I join you?Whats the meaning of the underlined word“instruments”in Chinese?A.乐谱 B.乐器 C.乐章 D.琴The underlined word“royal”might mean“”in Chinese.A.皇室的 B.富裕的 C.中产的 D.平民的 We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshadeAnd there was a strange thing connected with its use:it became a symbol of honor and authorityIn the Far East in ancient times,the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices or by royal people such as the kings or queensHaving a plan and knowing how to prioritize is one thing.The next issue(问题）is knowing how to manage interruptions.There may be phone calls,information requests and events that occur unexpectedly.However,you need to do whatever you can to concentrate on the main tasks.The word“interruption”(in Paragraph 4)is similar in meaning to_.A.process B.disadvantage C.disturbance D.emergency语境法对比转折表转折关系的词：but,while,however,instead of,rather than,otherwise,though,unless,not as.as,.以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义。In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.What does the underline word“homely”mean?A.beautiful B.ugly C.lovely D.not look beautifulHe is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.The word awful in the passage means _.A.美味的 B.极好的 C.糟糕的 D.很快的 Last summer Jenny and her friends had a bus trip to New York.She felt very relaxed on the way.They visited a museum.But it was really crowded there and the display(展览)was not interesting at all.They went to different restaurants to have dinner.Some food was quite delicious,but Jenny thought the fast food was awful.When the weather was fine,they went to the beach to swim.The sea was beautiful,and they had a good time.The underlined words straight As in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese.A.全优 B.及格 C.中等 D.不及格 In my earliest memories my father was a tall,handsome and successful man.He loved his work and family,but was uncomfortable with his children.As a child I loved him;as a school girl and young adult I was afraid of him.He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight As in my study and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as“successful”as he was.Whenever I went out with him on weekends,I used to try hard to think up things to say to protect myself.What does the underlined phrase“life forms”in the last paragraph mean?A.Messages.B.Tools.C.Intelligent beings.D.Radio signals.Have beings from space already visited Earth?“Probably not,”says Shostak.“Its a long way away.However,intelligent beings may contact us in other way,such as radio signals(信号).In fact,they may be trying to communicate with us now,but we dont have the right tools to receive their messages.However,this is changing.By 2025,we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other.”What does the underlined word ascend(in Paragraph 3)mean?A.sink.B.move.C.rise.D.float.The pilot can control the up-and-down movements of the hot air balloon by regulating the heat in the envelope.To ascend,the pilot heats the air in the envelope but when the pilot is ready to land,the air in the balloon is allowed to cool and the balloon becomes heavier than air.This makes the balloon go down.The underlined expression“go him one better”in paragraph 4 means Ado something even worse B.improve the situationCpoint out his mistake D.help him out Paul and Jason were brothers who lived and worked on neighbouring farmsFor 35 years they farmed side by side，sharing machinery and goods as needed，without a single problem However，one autumn，things changed It began with a tiny disagreement about a horse，which grew into a major differenceThe difference led to angry words，followed by weeks of silence between the two brothers One morning there was a knock on Pauls doorHe opened it and saw a builder holding his toolbox“Im looking for a few days work，”the builder said“Are there any jobs here I could help with?”“Yes，”answered Paul，extremely pleased to see the builder“I do have a job for youLook at that farm across the creek(小溪)Thats my brothers farm.That creek used to be a grass field，but last week my brother dug a path from the river and made the creekBut Ill go him one betterSee that pile of wood I want you to build me a fence，two meters tall，so I wont need to see him anymore”.语境法因果关系表 示 因 果 关 系 的 特 征 词：since,as,because,for,so,thus,therefore,due to,result from,as a result,for this reason,so that,so.that,such.that,.Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting,I bought a replica.An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.What does the underlined word“exhausted”in Paragraph 4 mean?A.Tired B.Angry C.Frightened D.Regretful Now it was the swans turn.He flew up,and began flying over the sea.The crow flew after him,making all kinds of comments(评价)about his flying.They flew on and on till they couldnt see the land and there was nothing but water on all sides.The crow was making fewer and fewer comments.He was so exhausted that he found it hard to stay in the air,and had to struggle to keep himself from falling into the water.The bold word“volume”in Paragraph Two probably means“”.A.the type of musicB.the amount of a soundC.the length of a songD.the colour of an MP3 player Keep It Down!You have to notice the volume of your music.You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it.Some people might even get angry.Usually,when you play the music loud on an MP3 player,other people cant hear the words of the song.They just hear a loud sound.Not one wants to listen to this.Very loud music can also be bad for your ears,so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player,you shouldnt have it turned up too high.What does“make up”mean in this passage?A.看笑话 B.弥补 C.哭泣 D.询问The famous fat and lazy cat Garfield is coming to China.In the“Garfield The Movie”,Garfield acts with real actors.He will make you laugh with clever and funny words.Sometimes hes not friendly to his ower John Arbuckle.One day,John brings Odie,a dog,into his home.Odie is cute.He gets all Johns love.This turns Garfields world upside down.Garfield wants the dog out of the house and his life.One night,he kicks Odie out of the house.But later Garfield finds a TV star caught Odie!The man wants to use the dog in his shows.Garfield feels sorry for Odie.He thinks hes wrong.He wants to make up for it.So Garfield gets off his favorite chair to try to save his friend.语境法同义关系以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义并 列 的 词 或 短 语（and,or,as.as,like.）The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.When had lessons at home with their governess Marion Crawford.Margaret was often naughty.The word governess means _.A.服务员 B.家庭女教师 C.牧师 D.管家What does the underlined word launched mean in the second paragraph?A.取消.B.改善.C.创办.D.改变.Two years ago the United States National Academy of Science launched the Safe Drinking Water Is Essential site.It was set up to provide high-quality scientific information about improving the safety of drinking water supplies.The word extra in Paragraph 3 means .A.正常的 B.额外的 C.有用的 D.少量的 Why do people work so many hours?Some people work extra hours because they want to make more money.However,many companies dont pay overtime.Their workers dont get more pay for more work.Some people think its their duty to work more hours.Some are afraid of losing their jobs if they dont work more hours.The underlined expression giving a hand to(Paragraph 3)is closest in meaning to _.A.questioning B.helping C.hurting D.calling One day a man saw an old lady standing by her expensive car,clearly in need of help.So he stopped his old truck and got out.Although he was smiling,the old lady was worried.Was he gong to hurt her?He didnt look safe.The man could see that she was frightened,so in his friendliest voice he said,Im here to help you,madam.Why dont you wait in the car where its warm?By the way,my name is Bryan Anderson.Bryan quickly fixed the car and the lady thanked him.Then she asked how much she should pay him.But Bryan wanted no money.He was just giving a hand to someone in trouble.This was normal for him.He said,If you really want to repay me,next time you see someone in need,help them and think of me.What do the underlined words“UV rays”mean?A.沙尘 B.闪电 C.紫外线 D.超声波 There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not enough food,genes（基因）and aging(老化).Televisions,computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight.If you happen to work in front of the computer,it is best to take a break every once in a while.Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable.It is bad for your eyes,too.If this happens,the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water.You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things.For example,sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays.语境法指代关系代词it,that,he,him 或them可以指上文提到的人事物The underlined word“them”in paragraph 1 refers to_.Aphone users Bmobile phones CDrivers Dears Last year in the UK at least 45 people died and 900 more were injured in car accidents where drivers were using their mobile phonesYet many people continue to use them while driving even though it is dangerousThe phrase“rush hour”in this passage means in Chinese.A.比赛中的冲刺时刻 B.一小时内所跑的路程C.(上下班)交通高峰时刻 D.匆匆忙忙的一小时 You can also travel around the city by taxi.This is the most expensive way,but the taxi will take you to the very place you wish to go to.If traffic is heavy,the taxi will be slow.During the mornings and afternoons,this is the“rush hour”.This is the time when the traffic is very heavy with people going to and from work.What does the underlined word“sweat”probably mean?A.触摸 B.鼓掌 C.出汗 D.指点It was a great way to get his mind off what he had to do later.As they got close to the school,he could feel his heart beating.His hands were starting to sweat.He hated this!What does the word“snap”in the second paragraph most probably mean?A.break B.change C.win D.Complain When I think about the bamboo trees ability to bend and move back,the word“resilience”comes to my mind.When it is used for a person,this word means the ability to readily recover(恢复)from shock,sadness or any other suffering.Have you ever felt like you were going to snap?Have you ever felt like you were at your breaking point?Thankfully,you have survived to talk about it.It in Paragraph 1 means _.A.Information B.Brain C.Attention D.QualityInformation is received into our brain by attention,and its quality determines(决 定)how well it will be processed,saved and used afterwards.First I had to get the kids to sleep.That was never easy at any time and tonight it was even more difficult.The eldest one wanted to know why we left the party early.I told him 10:30 pm was not early.As usual,I read them a bed time story,but I had to stop myself reading too quickly or they would learn my secret.The underlined word“they”in Paragraph 3 refers to _.A.thieves B.parents C.children D.neighboursThe undedined word motivation in Paragraph 2 means in Chinese.A.动力 B.机会 C.试验 D.条件 At East China University of Science and Technology,students will get a coupon(优惠券)if they eat up their food.Students can collect coupons and exchange them for small gifts,such as books,magazines,mobile phone covers and hand warmers.Its been such a surprise,said Liang Zhaoyun,19,a student at the university in Shanghai.It has given us one more motivation to finish our food.The measure is part of a national eat-up campaign(行动)which is organized by students to deal with food waste on campuses(校园).解题技巧一解题技巧一语境法语境法语境法语境法对比转折对比转折因果关系因果关系同义关系同义关系定义解释定义解释举例子举例子指示关系指示关系解题技巧二解题技巧二构词构词法法派生法派生法合成法合成法构词构词法法构词法构词法派生法派生法一个单词(词根)加上前缀或后缀，构成一个新单词。ununbelievbelievableablebelieve否定前缀有：un-，dis-，im-，in-，mis-.（改变词义）形容词后缀有:-ful,-ing,-ed,-y,-able,-ible,-ical,-al.（改变词性和词义）One day a very rich family went on a trip to the countryside.The father wanted to show his son how poor people lived,so they spent a day and a night on the farm of a very poor family.When they got back from their trip,the father asked his son,My dear son,how was the trip?Very good,dad!Did you see how poor people lived?the father asked.Yeah!And what did you learn?The son answered,We have a dog at home,and they have four.We have a pool that is in the middle of the garden and they have a river that has no end.We have very expensive lamps in the garden and they have the stars.When the little boy finished,his father was speechless.The word speechless means _.A.毫无兴趣的 B.寡言少语的 C.胸无点墨的 D.无话可说的*speech+less*后缀后缀The underlined word quartered means_.A.榨汁 B.切成四份 C.洗净 D.炸碎*quarter+ed*后缀后缀Fish and apple soup?Yes,and you wont believe how delicious it is.This first came out
