合工大研究生英语unit.ppt

The Olympics Pierre de CoubertinCoubertin was interested in sports education as he believed it had the potential to develop what he called moral energy“and announced that he intended to revive the Olympic Games.On 23rd June,1894,he established the International Olympic Committee(IOC)at a meeting held at the University of Sorbonne in Paris.Olympism Olympism is a philosophy of life,exalting and combining in a balanced whole the qualities of body,will and mind.Blending sport with culture and education,Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy found in effort,the educational value of good example and respect for universal fundamental ethical principles.(Olympic Charter,Fundamental Principles,paragraph 1)There has always been Olympic mischiefw Erich Segal (1937 )He has published a number of scholarly works as well as teaching at the university level.He has acted as a visiting professor for the University of Munich,Princeton University,and Dartmouth College.He has written widely on Greek and Latin literature,and also won literary honour in France and Italy.he is best known as author of the screenplay for Yellow Submarine,1968 motion picture hit by The Beatles;and his novel Love Story,a New York Times No.1 bestseller,Quotations from Love Story Love means never having to say youre sorry.Jennifer:You look stupid and rich.Oliver:Well,what if Im smart and poor?Jennifer:*Im*smart and poor.Oliver:Well what makes you so smart?Jennifer:I wouldnt go out for coffee with you thats what.Oliver:Well what if I wasnt even gonna ask you to go out for coffee with me?Jennifer:Well thats what makes you stupid.Warm-up ActivitiesWarm-up Activities1.1.Do you happen to know any case of trickery and dishonesty in sports?.2.Many athletes in most prominent sports are made very rich through sponsorships.Do you think Chinese athletes,especially soccer players are overly paid?State your reasons.3.What measures should be taken to make both sports fans and professional athletes behave in conformity with public courtesy and sportsmanship?ANCIENT OLYMPICS CHEATING CHEATING Not Not all all athletes athletes lived lived up up to to this this code code of of excellence.excellence.Those Those who who were were discovered discovered cheating cheating were were finedfined,and and the the money money was was used used to to make make bronze bronze statues statues of of ZeusZeus,which which were were erected erected on on the the road road to to the the stadium.stadium.The The statues statues were were inscribed inscribed with with messages messages describing describing the the offenseoffenses s,warning warning others others not not to to cheat,cheat,reminding reminding athletes athletes that that victory victory was was won won by by skill skill and and not not by by money,money,and and emphasizing emphasizing the the Olympic Olympic spirit spirit of of pietypiety toward toward the the gods gods and and fair fair petition.The The earliest earliest recorded recorded cheater cheater was was Eupolus Eupolus of of Thessaly,Thessaly,who who bribedbribed boxers boxers in in the the 98th 98th OlympiadOlympiad.uu Modern Modern Modern Modern Olympics:Olympics:Olympics:Olympics:Is Is Is Is the the the the Ideal Ideal Ideal Ideal WorkingWorkingWorkingWorking?The The Olympics Olympics is is a a great great opportunity opportunity for for nations nations to to come come together together in in peace,peace,but but there there have have been been difficult difficult periods.periods.The The USA USA did did not not participate participate in in the the 1980 1980 Moscow Moscow games games due due to to political political differencesdifferences and and the the USSR USSR returned returned the the favour favour in in 1984 1984 by by not not going going to to Los Los Angeles.Angeles.In In Munich Munich in in 1972,1972,11 11 athletes athletes were were killed killed by by terroriststerrorists,and and a a bomb bomb attackattack killed killed two two people people in in Atlanta Atlanta in in 1996.1996.The The ideal ideal of of fair fair competition competition is is also also under under attack,attack,with with some some athletes athletes cheating cheating by by using using drugs drugs to to improve improve their their performance.performance.Runner,Runner,Ben Ben Johnson,Johnson,lost lost his his Olympic Olympic Gold Gold medal medal in in 1988 because he used 1988 because he used steroids.steroids.Key words:1.quip vt.make clever or sarcastic remarks*I punch him playfully on the chest and quip that Id hate to have met him if he was tense.*He quipped before kissing Alicia when they remarried last June.2.snob n.a person who is overly proud of having special knowledge or judgment in a subject,or of belonging to a presumably superior social class*I have to admit that I nearly did fall into the trap of becoming a snob.*Hes a bit of a snob and wont speak to the likes of me.3.arbiter n.a person or group authorized to judge a competition,controversy,etc.;an arbitrator*He took on himself the role of moral arbiter of the nation.*The arbiter will have the last say in resolving this dispute.4.enticement n.an inducement to gain or pleasure*There is a range of enticements to have a credit card.*They tried to persuade me to go to Florida,but hot weather is not much of an enticement if you dont like the sun.5.absolve vt.free（sb.）from fulfilling a promise or duty,or from having to suffer for wrongdoing*The witness testimony absolved him from all blame for the accident.I absolve you from your vows as they are really so unattainable.6.ferocious adj.extremely savage;fierce*President George W.Bush has met with some ferocious criticism from the opposition.*The police had had to deal with some of the most ferocious violence ever seen on the streets of London.7.besmirch vt.dishonor（sb./sth.）;slander*No matter who he may be,the man who publicly besmirches his wifes name,is not,was not,and never will be,a gentleman.*His jealous brother besmirched him in front of a large group of his colleagues.8.anecdote n.a short account of some interesting incident or event,esp.one in the life of a person*A successful professor always knows how to use the anecdotes at the right time to diversify his lectures.*I related the anecdote,whereupon he laughed heartily.9.nonetheless adv.however;nevertheless*Chinas entry into WTO,nonetheless,opens up new opportunities and challenges for its development.*There are serious problems in our country.Nonetheless,we feel this is a good time to return.10.fortify vt.strengthen against attack*All the strategic passes in the mountains are fortified.*They hurriedly fortified the village with barricades of carts,tree trunks and whatever came to hand.11.ominous adj.of a bad omen;unfavorable;portentous*There was an ominous silence when I asked whether my contract was going to be renewed.*There is a widespread testimony that this ominous fact is due to inherent biological defects in the crowded life of cities.12.conjecture n.guess;guessing form（and express）an opinion not based on firm evidence*Dont waste too much energy on such conjectures but try to find out the truth.*The rumor raised much conjecture.13.bleak adj.cheerless and depressing;dismal*Its probably the most bare,bleak,barren and inhospitable island Ive ever seen.*The house stands on a bleak,windswept moor.14.frailty n.physical weakness;weakness in character or morals;fault or imperfection*She died after a long period of increasing frailty.*Tolerant of human frailty in whatever form,she almost never judged people.lEvery four years,when the Olympics roll around again,journalists seem automatically to recycle those misty-eyed notions about“Good Old Days”.（para.1 sen.1）roll around go round and round;return at a regular or usual time*Vacation days eventually become empty and boring,I began to be anxious for September to roll around and for school to begin.Good Old Days certain established traits:nostalgia,Christianity,conformity,conservatism,camping,sport hunting,sport fishingTranslation:每逢四年一度的奥运盛会，记者们似乎总会自然而然地把“过去的好时光”那些模糊的概念重新炒作一番。In fact,the mythology of a perfect Olympic is the modern invention of snobs and self-styled purists,perpetuated by sports writers-and television commentators at a loss to fill air time.(para.2 lines8-11)lat a loss1:uncertain as to how to proceed 2:unable to produce what is needed Translation:事实上，曾有过完美的奥运会的神话只是现代的势利小人和一群自封的纯粹主义者的杜撰，通过体育文章撰稿人和转播期间设法填补空白时间的电视评论员流传下来。But these arbiters were often susceptible to financial enticements-and treats.(para.5 lines27-29)lsusceptible /sseptbl/1 easily influenced or affected by sth.Young people are most susceptible to advertisements.2.easily influenced by feelings,impressionable Hes so susceptible that she easily gained his affection.3.capable of sth.Is your statement susceptible of proof?Translation:这些比赛的主宰者往往经不起金钱以及盛宴的诱惑。Promoters of minor track meets-which were often held to advertise local products(!)-would fork over plenty to have the hottest runners of the day merely show up.(Para.7 lines 52-54)fork over:hand over;pay out*The son usually cries out for independence and autonomy,“but when it comes time to spend money,hed make the old man fork over.*My theft insurance policy will have to fork over that$10 million.Translation:当时，一些小型比赛-通常是为了给当地的产品做广告（！）-的发起者，确实会向当红短跑明星支付大笔的酬金，请他们到场露露脸。When he crossed the finish line,he was a little“high”on more than joy-having fortified himself along the road with swigs of sugared wine.(para.13 lines 95-98)high on:enthusiastically in approval or support of*Some happy people are low on pleasure,buthigh on absorption and immersion,meaningthey take great pleasure in the things that they do Translation:尽管在冲过终点线时，他显得与其说是兴奋还不如说有点“醉醺醺”的因为他在途中大量饮用掺了糖的葡萄酒以保持体力。Just before President Teddy Roosevelts daughter was to give him his medal,it was discovered that Lorz had not,after all,gone the entire distance under his own steam.(para.14 lines 101-103)lunder ones own steam-without help from others;unaidedI live under my own steam,and nobody took me underhis wing.Translation:正当特迪罗斯福总统的女儿给他颁奖之际，洛兹被发现没有独立跑完全程。Having cramped up at about nine miles,he accepted a ride from a passing car.(para.14 lines 104-105)lcramp up-cause to have a contraction or paralysis of muscles;have spasms*I Dont want to use any more of that ice waterfor fear Id cramp him up Translation:他在9英里处腿部抽筋，便搭乘了辆路过的汽车。There is no need to conjecture about Dora Ratjen,the German athlete who just missed a gold medal in the womens high jump in the notorious Olympics of 1936.(para.19 lines 151-153)lthe Olympics of 1936-In August 1936,Adolf Hitlers Nazi dictatorship scored a huge propaganda success as host of the Summer Olympics in Berlin.The Games were a brief,two-week interlude in Germanys escalating campaign against its Jewish population and the countrys march toward war.Translation:然而，德国运动员朵拉拉特金的性别是不容置疑的。在臭名昭著的1936年奥运会上错失了女子跳高金牌后，“她”随后在这个项目中屡屡改写世界纪录。An Outline of the TextPart I(paras.1-11)the original Greek Games neither pure nor uncommercialPart II(paras.12-19)ancient mischief revived in modern games,but with more subtle meansPart III(paras.20-24)the Olympics being a reflection of human nature,good as well as bad;true spirit of Olympics expectedl lSummary:In the article,Erich Segal awakens us to the fact that the ancient Olympic Games were as infested with brutal trickery and dishonesty as are the modern games.The only difference is that the methods of cheating in the modern Games are improved and more subtle.Finally he cites some rare exceptions to illustrate the true spirit of the Olympics.Key to exercisesA.A.1.deemed1.deemed2.To begin with2.To begin with3.multitalented3.multitalented4.fair and square4.fair and square5.adversary5.adversary6.fork over6.fork over7.spurred7.spurred8.en route to8.en route to9.portrayed9.portrayed10.conjecture about10.conjecture aboutB.1.eulogizing2.2.perpetuated3.3.susceptible4.4.besmirch5.stimulants6.sustains7.ferocious8.fortified9.bleak10.frailty Translation Spectator sports provide an outlet for viewing the vitality of youth,speed,and strength.The levels of skill displayed fascinate people.Men identify more directly than women with spectator sports because of their childhood experience and the macho nature of games.For men there is an additional attraction in their minds because since they are male they could be called on to the field,asked to contribute their playing or coaching skills.Viewing sports thus provides the raw material for dreams.Nevertheless,women too feel vicarious satisfaction from a desire to win than ever and more women are becoming active in competitive sports.By the early 1970s,growing fan interest in the games,heightened by network television,had transformed professional sports into lucrative business enterprises.As a result,entirely new leagues sprang up to compete with established organizations and lure away players with attractive salaries.As sports became more like traditional businesses,players increasingly turned to agents to represent them in salary negotiations.Now professional sports have entered a new era.The End