初中英语语音教学.ppt

How to teach English phoneticsin junior secondary schools?Questions for discussion Why teach phonetics？What kind of accent to teach？What to teach？When to teach phonetics？How to teach phonetics？Why teach phonetics Why teach phonetics？To help lay a good foundation for learning English To help lay a good foundation for learning English vocabularyvocabularyTo help with listening and speaking To help with listening and speaking To affect reading and writing To affect reading and writing Why teach phonetics Why teach phonetics？To build up studentsconfidence in learning English To build up studentsconfidence in learning English To improve intelligibility To improve intelligibility 表意表意To create a favorable impressionTo create a favorable impression Why is teaching phonetics Why is teaching phonetics importantimportant?What What problemsproblems do students have with English do students have with English pronunciation?pronunciation?Using the wrong soundUsing the wrong soundMaking long vowels shortMaking long vowels shortLeaving sounds outLeaving sounds outWhy is teaching phonetics Why is teaching phonetics importantimportant?Adding soundsAdding soundsPutting stress on the wrong syllable in a Putting stress on the wrong syllable in a wordwordPutting stress on the wrong word in a Putting stress on the wrong word in a sentencesentenceUsing the wrong intonation pattern Using the wrong intonation pattern WhatWhat kind of accent to teach kind of accent to teach？What are the main varieties of English What are the main varieties of English accent?accent?SSBSSB(Standard Southern British)rather (Standard Southern British)rather than than RPRP(Received Pronunciation)(Received Pronunciation)GAGA(General American)(General American)What kind of accent to teach What kind of accent to teach？Which accent should we teachWhich accent should we teach？Either SSB or GA as a basisEither SSB or GA as a basisBetter to Better to expose students to a variety expose students to a variety of accentsof accents,so that they will be able to,so that they will be able to understand most people they meet.understand most people they meet.What to teach？What is required in the Curriculum What is required in the Curriculum Standards?Standards?1.Pronunciation of 1.Pronunciation of 26 letters26 lettersa,e,i(y),o,u in stressed/unstressed a,e,i(y),o,u in stressed/unstressed syllablessyllablesVowel combinations in stressed syllablesVowel combinations in stressed syllablesCommon vowel combinations in stressed Common vowel combinations in stressed syllablessyllablesWhat to teach 语音教学包含哪些内容？音教学包含哪些内容？Consonant combinations(ch,dg,th,Consonant combinations(ch,dg,th,tch,ph,ng,nk)tch,ph,ng,nk)Consonant clusters(bl-,cl-,fl-,gl-,Consonant clusters(bl-,cl-,fl-,gl-,br-,cr-,sm-,sp-,pr-,qu-)br-,cr-,sm-,sp-,pr-,qu-)Syllabic soundsSyllabic sounds(ble,-ple,-cle,-gle,(ble,-ple,-cle,-gle,-dle,-sin,-ten,-ven)-dle,-sin,-ten,-ven)2.Word stress and sentence 2.Word stress and sentence stressstress3.Sound variation3.Sound variationliaison liaison（连读）incomplete explosive incomplete explosive weak form weak form assimilation assimilation（同化）What to teach What to teach？4.Intonation and rhythm4.Intonation and rhythmsense group and pausing sense group and pausing rising and falling tones rising and falling tones rhythmrhythmWhat to teach What to teach？5.5.Use of pronunciation,intonation,stress and Use of pronunciation,intonation,stress and rhythm in oral communicationrhythm in oral communication6.Pronunciation and enunciation skills in reading 6.Pronunciation and enunciation skills in reading aloud and speechesaloud and speeches7.English pronunciation differences in major 7.English pronunciation differences in major English speaking countries(mainly taught in English speaking countries(mainly taught in senior high school)senior high school)What to teach What to teach？Letters have soundsLetters have soundsA a H h J j K kE e B b C c D d G g P p T t V vI i Y yO oU u Q q W w F f L l M m N n S s X x Z z R r方法一：掐头法学读音方法一：掐头法学读音 读下列辅音字母名称音，将其第读下列辅音字母名称音，将其第一个音去掉，余下的音一个音去掉，余下的音 即为该字母在单词中的读音。即为该字母在单词中的读音。Ff/ef/Ll/el/Mm/em/Nn/en/Ss/es/Xx/eks/f/l/m/n/s/ks/Example 1 案例一读下列辅音字母名称音，将其后面的音去掉，余下读下列辅音字母名称音，将其后面的音去掉，余下的音的音 即为该字母在单词中的读音。即为该字母在单词中的读音。Zz/zi:/Vv/vi:/Bb/bi:/Dd/di:/Cc/si:/Jj/d3eI/Pp/pi:/Kk/keI/Tt/ti:/b/s/k/d/d3/k/p/t/v/z/方法二：去尾法学音素方法二：去尾法学音素Gg Hh Yy Ww Rr读下列辅音字母在单词中的读音与汉语拼音读下列辅音字母在单词中的读音与汉语拼音g，h，y，w，r有相似之处，注意不要混淆。有相似之处，注意不要混淆。egg 鸡蛋鸡蛋hen 母鸡母鸡yes 是的是的well 好的好的red 红色的红色的/g/h/j/w/r/eg/hen/jes/wel/red/方法三：对比法学读音方法三：对比法学读音Teach phonetic symbols Teach phonetic symbols（IPAIPA）教音标）教音标Vowels andVowels and consonantsconsonants元音和辅音的读音示范元音和辅音的读音示范有声版国际音标表a,e,i(y),o,u in stressed syllablesa,e,i(y),o,u in stressed syllables Open CloseOpen Closea a n na ame/e/mme/e/ma ap/p/e e w we e/i:/w/i:/we et/e/t/e/i i h hi i/a/h/a/hi it/t/(y y)wh)why y/a/ph/a/phy ysics/sics/o o n no ote/nte/no ot/t/u u fl flu ute/u:/flte/u:/flu ush/sh/a,e,i,o,u,y in unstressed syllablesa,e,i,o,u,y in unstressed syllables/a aboutboutb ba anannana ahundrhundre ed dparpare entntAprApri il l pencpenci il lsecseco ondndt to odaydayAugAugu ust st s su uccessccess/orora angengevillvilla agegesecrsecre et te elevenleventourtouri ist stEnglEngli ish sh LilLily y fortforty yVowel letter combinations in stressed syllablesR-syllablesR-syllablesar ar /:/:/arart ct carar f farar h harard gd garardendener er /:/h/:/her er h herers ts tererm nm nererve sve sererviceviceir ir /:/s/:/sir ir b bir ird gd gir irl fl fir irm thm thir irty tyor or /:/:/or or f for or t tororn mn mororn fn fororty ty ur ur /:/:/ururge fge fur ur h hururt nt nururse tse tururningning Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in stressed Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in stressed syllablessyllables元音字母及其字母元音字母及其字母组合在重合在重读音音节中的中的读音音/i:i:/e ea ee i iee ea ee i ie b be e eaeach fch feeeel poll poli ice fce fie ield ld/i ei e b bi it t E Englandngland/e e/e e ea ea a a b be est hst heaead md ma anyny/a a b ba ank nk/u u o o b bu ut ct co ome me lovelove fr fro ont mnt mo othertherVowel letter&vowel letter combinations Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in stressed syllablesin stressed syllables/:/or ore oor our al ar or ore oor our al ar b bororn mn moreore d door oor f fourour c cal all wl war ar au aw ou(gh)au aw ou(gh)c cauause drse draw aw br broughought t/:/a(n)a(s)a(th)al ar aua(n)a(s)a(th)al ar au d da ance clnce cla ass fss fa ather hther hal alf ff fararm m auauntnt/ee/a ai ay eigha ai ay eigh c ca age rge rai ain Mn Mayay eigheight t/aa/i ie igh yi ie igh y h hi ike dke die ie l lighight flt fly y/o o o(ld)o(st)oa owo(ld)o(st)oa ow h ho ope hpe ho old mld mo ost rst roaoad grd growowVowel letter&vowel letter combinations Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in stressed syllablesin stressed syllables/:/er ir ur or earer ir ur or ear c cerertain ftain firsirst tt tururn wn worord d earearly ly/u oo ou u oo ou full foot could full foot could/u:u:/u o oo ew u o oo ew bl blu ue me mo ove cve cooool fll flewew/ju:ju:/u ewu ew u use nse newew/o a o a cr cro op wp wa antntVowel letter&vowel letter combinations Vowel letter&vowel letter combinations in stressed syllablesin stressed syllables/aa/ou owou ow c couount brnt browown n/oi oyoi oy c coi oin tn toyoy/ea ear eer ereea ear eer ere id ideaea d dearear d deereer h hereere/ee/air are ear eir ereair are ear eir ere ch chair air c careare b bearear th their eir wh whereere/our ure oor our ure oor t tour our s sure ure p poor oor Sounds make up wordsSounds make up wordsLetters combine in syllables to make words.Letters combine in syllables to make words.C CV V(V V)he she no by hi tea die dayhe she no by hi tea die day V VC(C)at is us on off ebb add antC(C)at is us on off ebb add ant C CV VC hat hen did top cut get fan vanC hat hen did top cut get fan van C CV VC CE E hate Pete home cute kite famehate Pete home cute kite fame CC CCV VC thin ship than chat shot knot C thin ship than chat shot knot pl plugug C CVVVVC lead coat loud food foot dialC lead coat loud food foot dial C CV VCC fish cash neck bank cent wantCC fish cash neck bank cent wantMany words follow a regular pattern,but many dont.Many words follow a regular pattern,but many dont.giv give e hav have e t tw wo ono one e clim climb b of oft ten Ween Wed dn ne esdaysday Can you read these words?Can you read these words?dab den cod cluck braid dadodab den cod cluck braid dado轻拍轻拍 巢穴巢穴 鳕鳕 咯咯叫咯咯叫 辫子辫子 墙裙墙裙 duck chuck chuckleduck chuck chuckle 抛，扔抛，扔 暗自笑暗自笑lot log loggerheadlot log loggerhead 原木原木 笨蛋笨蛋fun fund fundamentalfun fund fundamental 基金基金 基本的基本的Word syllablescot cotcot cottage cottage cottager tager 幼儿床幼儿床 村舍村舍 村民村民 pan panpan panel panel panelistelist 专门小组专门小组 小组成员小组成员myth myth mythmythical mythical mytho ologylogy 神话的神话的 神话神话Assignment 1 作作业（1）请对您正在使用的一册初中课本中的词汇做一调查，把符合拼读规则的单词挑出来，按照元音字母或元音字母组合在重读音节中的拼读规则归类。Consonants&common consonant combinationsConsonants&common consonant combinations b/b/b/b/c /k/,/s/c /k/,/s/d/d/d/d/f /f/f /f/g/g/,/d/,/d/h/h/h/h/j /dj /d/k/k/k/k/l /l/l /l/，/m/m/m/m/n /n/n /n/p /p/p /p/q /k/q /k/r /r/r /r/s /s/,/z/s /s/,/z/t /t/t /t/v /v/v /v/w /w/w /w/x /ks/x /ks/y /j/y /j/z /z/z /z/ch/tch/t/,/k/,/k/ck /k/ck /k/dr /dr/dr /dr/ds/ds/ds/ds/gh/-/f/gh/-/f/kn/n/kn/n/ng/ng/ph/f/ph/f/sh/sh/th /,/th /,/tr /tr/tr /tr/ts /ts/ts /ts/wh/w/,/h/wh/w/,/h/wr /r/wr /r/Consonant clustersConsonant clusters/pl-/please /pl-/please /pr-/pride /sl-/slow/pr-/pride /sl-/slow/bl-/bleed /bl-/bleed /fr-/fry /fr-/fry /sm-/smoke /sm-/smoke/fl-/fleet /fl-/fleet /kr-/cry /kr-/cry /sn-/snow /sn-/snow/kl-/clean /kl-/clean /r-/gride /sw-/swan/r-/gride /sw-/swan/l-/gleam /l-/gleam /br-/bright /br-/bright /sp-/sp-/speakspeak/r-/through r-/through /sk-/sk-/skateskate /st-/st-/starstarSyllabic soundsSyllabic sounds/b/,/p/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/,/f/,/v/,/b/,/p/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/,/f/,/v/,/s/,/z/,/s/,/z/,/+/m/,/n/,/l/+/m/,/n/,/l/Examples:Examples:able apple little middle uncle able apple little middle uncle single of single oftenten novel per novel personson rea reasonson bot bottom tom se seven ven pencil puzzle les pencil puzzle lessonson fafashionshion verversionsionAssignment 2 Assignment 2 作业（作业（2 2）请根据前面列举的辅音字母和辅音字母组合的拼读规则，从现行初中课本中找出合适的例词来，完成以下表格。表格的开头示例如下：辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音b/b/back bag buy table bring bright c/k/car cat card catch close clean /s/face city pencilWord stressWord stressA word with two or more than two A word with two or more than two syllables has word stress.syllables has word stress.Two syllables Two syllables doctor teacher worker .doctor teacher worker .again repeat excuse .again repeat excuse .Word stressWord stressThree syllables or more Three syllables or more elephant Saturday exercise visitor.elephant Saturday exercise visitor.tomato expensive suggestion.tomato expensive suggestion.a ability albility alternativeternative Sentence stressSentence stress a a book book a a ChiChinese book nese book inkink and and papaperperLiaison Liaison a an n E English class breanglish class bread d a and milk nd milk i it t i is thes ther re e i is goos good d i ideadea thin think ak aboubout t i it at as s a a matte matter r o of factf factIncomplete explosionIncomplete explosion righ right t now aroun now around d the corner the corner don dont t know eg know egg g plant plant eigh eight t pi pic ctures astures ask k the do the doc ctortorSound changeSound change Woul Would d you.?Nice to meeyou.?Nice to meet t you.you.Di Did d you.?you.?Intonation the falling and rising tonesIntonation the falling and rising tones Im an English teacher.Sit down,please.Intonation the falling and rising tonesIntonation the falling and rising tonesWhose eraser is this?Is the book on the shelf yours?Are the boxes yours or theirs?._ ._ ._ .You dont have any brother or sister,do you?What a beautiful day,isnt it？.Sense group,pausing and rhythmpausing and rhythm TwinTwinkle,kle,twintwinkle,kle,lit little tle starstar,HowHow I I wonwonder der whatwhat you you areare.Up Up a abovbove the e the worldworld so so highhigh,LikeLike a a di diamond amond in in the the skysky.TwinTwinkle,kle,twin twinkle,kle,lit little tle starstar,HowHow I I wonwonder der whatwhat you you areare.He He saidsaidthat he that he wouwouldnt be ldnt be a able ble to to comcome e totomomorrowrrow.Assignment 3 Assignment 3 作业（作业（3 3）请朗读下面一首小诗，并标出重读音节和语调：请朗读下面一首小诗，并标出重读音节和语调：Who has seen the wind?Neither I nor you.But when the leaves hang trembling The wind is passing thro.Assignment 3 Assignment 3 作业（作业（3 3）请朗读下面一首小诗，并标出重读音节和语调：请朗读下面一首小诗，并标出重读音节和语调：Who has seen the wind?Neither you nor I.But when the trees bow down their heads The wind is passing by.Cristina RossettiWhen to teach phonetics When to teach phonetics？Pronunciation practice should come more Pronunciation practice should come more often at the beginning stage.often at the beginning stage.Correcting a pronunciation error on the Correcting a pronunciation error on the spot spot 语音教学贯穿英语教学的全过程语音教学贯穿英语教学的全过程When to teach phonetics When to teach phonetics？A planned activity which is in conjunction A planned activity which is in conjunction with focus on words and structure.with focus on words and structure.结合词结合词汇与句型教学汇与句型教学Phonetics should be taught in connection Phonetics should be taught in connection with meaningful language practice(e.g.with meaningful language practice(e.g.with listening,speaking,reading and with listening,speaking,reading and writing practice).writing practice).结合四项技能训练进行结合四项技能训练进行Three stages of phonetic teaching in junior high Three stages of phonetic teaching in junior high schoolschoolStage 1 From letters to sounds:Stage 1 From letters to sounds:a a n na ame me e e h he e i i k ki ite te o o n no o u u bl blu ue eStage 2 From sounds to letters or letter combinations:Stage 2 From sounds to letters or letter combinations:/i:i:/e e eaea eeee i i ie ie b be e eaeach fch feeeel poll poli ice fce fie ield ldThree stages of phonetic teaching in junior high Three stages of phonetic teaching in junior high schoolschoolStage 3 Suprasegmental features(Stage 3 Suprasegmental features(超切分音超切分音位特征，即朗读技巧）位特征，即朗读技巧）word stress,sentence stress,liaison,word stress,sentence stress,liaison,explosive,assimilation,intonation,pause,explosive,assimilation,intonation,pause,rhythm,etcrhythm,etc How to teach phonetics How to teach phonetics 怎样教语音？怎样教语音？Contrast English features with Contrast English features with Chinese features(language transfer Chinese features(language transfer and interference)and interference)Phonic work without learning IPA(Phonic work without learning IPA(国国际音标）际音标）Teach phonetic symbols Teach phonetic symbols（IPAIPA）How to teach phonetics How to teach phonetics？Connect phonetic teaching with Connect phonetic teaching with practice of words,phrasespractice of words,phrases，sentences,texts,etcsentences,texts,etcTrain the ears and tongue through Train the ears and tongue through listening and speakinglistening and speakingUse computers to teach Use computers to teach pronunciation and intonation pronunciation and intonationContrast English feat