中考复习专题-非谓语动词.ppt

非谓语动词中考非谓语动词中考考查重点讲解考查重点讲解 区七中 吕庆江 动词的基本用法是做放在主语之后做谓语。eg.I work in a factory.当句中有谓语动词时，如在需要用动词就只能用非谓语动词，非谓语动词重要包括：动词不定式（to do)、动名词、分词（现在分词、过去分词）Eg.1)I decide to work in a factory.2)I enjoy working in a factory.3)He is the man working in a factory.4)Please hand in your written exercises.一、动词不定式一、动词不定式1、动词不定式做主语、动词不定式做主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it做形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末.其结构是 Its+adj.+of/for sb+to do.Eg.To learn English well is usefulIts useful to learn well.注意：此时用注意：此时用of还是用还是用for 关键是看形容词形容的关键是看形容词形容的是什么，如果是形容做此事怎么样用是什么，如果是形容做此事怎么样用for,反之如形反之如形容人的性格特征的用容人的性格特征的用of 1）Its very kind _you to help me.2）Its necessary _us to master a foreign language.3)Its nice _you to invite us.4)Its interesting _ us to play football.offoroffor 2、不定式做宾语、不定式做宾语1）一些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语。如）一些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语。如:want,decide,hope,agree,wish,need,promise,would like,plan等等。eg.We hope_(see)the film.Would you like _(go)with us?to seeto go2)在find,think后用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。Eg.I find _necessry _ (master)a foreign language.to seeitto master3）常见的一些用不带to的动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有：Why not do-,had better(not)do,would rather do-than do,could/would you please doEg.I woul rather _(stay)at home than _(go)out.staygo3.不定式做宾补不定式做宾补1)不定式做宾补时，与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，常见的动词有tell,ask,want,allow,get,invite,encourage等。否定形式在to do前加not1)My mother often encourage me _(study)hard.2)We dont allow people _(smoke)here.3)The students are often told_(not give)up.4)He asked me _(not drive)here.to studyto smokenot to givenot to drive2)使让动词和感官动词用省略使让动词和感官动词用省略to 的不定式做宾补的不定式做宾补Eg.1.The boss made the workers _(work)for another 2 hours.2.I saw lucy _(go)out just now.workgo4、不定式做定语，放在被修饰词后，一般并与、不定式做定语，放在被修饰词后，一般并与被修饰词间有动宾关系被修饰词间有动宾关系Eg.Would you like something _(eat)?There is nothing _(worry)about.Have you got anything else _(say)He is often the first one_(get)here.to eatto worryto sayto get注意：此时变为被动语态必须将to 加上.如：Lucy was seen to go out just now.5.不定式放在疑问词what,where,which how之后，此时相当于一个宾语从句Eg.I dont know what _(do)tomorrow.=I dont know _ tomorrow.He didnt know where_(go)for the holiday.He didnt know where_ for the holiday.I wonder how_(处理）it next.I wonder how _it next.I should deal withto goWhat I should doto deal withhe would goto go二、动名词二、动名词1.动名词做主语，此时谓语动词用单数动名词做主语，此时谓语动词用单数Eg._(collect)stamps _(be)my favorite.Collectingis2.动名词做动词或介词的宾语。此类动词有 keep,enjoy,preferto,mind,cant help,finish,feel like,practise,Would you mind _(smoke)here?Knives are used for _(cut)things.smokingcutting1.做定语，单个的分词作定语放在被修饰词前，分词短语做定语，单个的分词作定语放在被修饰词前，分词短语作定语放在被修饰词的后面。作定语放在被修饰词的后面。三、分词三、分词。分词分为现在分词（动词分词分为现在分词（动词+ing)和过去分词两和过去分词两种，现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表被动、完种，现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表被动、完成。成。1）This is a _(read)room.2)His _(speak)English is very good.3)Do you know the man _(stand)under the tree.4)The woman swept the leaves _(fall)on the ground.fallenstandingspokenreading2.现在分词作状语，表伴随现在分词作状语，表伴随Eg.The students went out of the class,_(talk)and _(laugh)talkinglaughing3.分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补与宾语之间分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系（主动），过去分词作宾补与有逻辑上的主谓关系（主动），过去分词作宾补与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系（被动）。宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系（被动）。Eg.Dont keep us _(wait)for so long.She speaks loudly to make herself_(hear).I heard her _(sing)in the next room when I passed by.We have to make our hair _(cut)waitingheardsingingcut四、注意区分：四、注意区分：1、动词不定式做宾语与动名词做宾语、动词不定式做宾语与动名词做宾语：无差别：无差别 begin ,start Lets begin _(have)an English class.to have/having：有一定差别：有一定差别 like,love,hateDoing表示爱好，表示爱好，to do 表示具体动作。如：表示具体动作。如：I like _(swim)a lot,but this evening I love _(go)skating.swimmingto go C：差别很大：差别很大动词动词动词动词 to do sth.to do sth.（未做）（未做）（未做）（未做）+doing sth.+doing sth.（已做）（已做）（已做）（已做）rememberremember记得要做某事记得要做某事记得要做某事记得要做某事记得曾做某事记得曾做某事记得曾做某事记得曾做某事forgetforget忘记做某事忘记做某事忘记做某事忘记做某事忘记做了某事忘记做了某事忘记做了某事忘记做了某事stopstop停下来去做另一事停下来去做另一事停下来去做另一事停下来去做另一事停止正做的事停止正做的事停止正做的事停止正做的事trytry尽力去做某事尽力去做某事尽力去做某事尽力去做某事尝试做某事尝试做某事尝试做某事尝试做某事She tried a composition.她试着写作文。她试着写作文。writing她设法（尽力）打电话给你。她设法（尽力）打电话给你。She tried you.to callI remember the door just now.我记得我刚才开了门。我记得我刚才开了门。openingPlease remember the door after work.to close请记住下班后关门。请记住下班后关门。I forgot him the news.我忘记已经告诉他这个消息了。我忘记已经告诉他这个消息了。I forgot him the news.to tell我忘记了告诉他这个消息。我忘记了告诉他这个消息。tellingTest 一、一、选择选择1.He has promised better latter.A.behaving B.behave C.to behave2.He hated her.A.trouble B.to troubling C.to trouble 3.He stopped when the teacher came in.A.to talk B.talking C.talked4.I have finished the room.A.clean B.to read it C.cleaning5.I give you a book .A.to read B.to read it C.reading it6.There is nothing for us .A.to worry B.to worry about C.worrying aboutCCBCAB二、改错二、改错1.One day a cat hold a mouse and wanted eating it.2.I enjoy listening foreign music.3.The workers were made work day and night.4.Please let me to get out of this dirty place.(to eat)(to)(to)5.At last he agreed stay here.6.After they got to the top of the mountain,they stopped having a rest.7.She would like staying at home on Sundays.8.I told the boy dont to tie the dog under the tree.(to)(to have)(to stay)(not)2.动词不定时做宾补与现在分词做宾补动词不定时做宾补与现在分词做宾补 感官动词既可以跟不带to的不定式做宾补也可以跟现在分词做宾补，用不定式做宾补表示的动作经常做或做了，跟现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行。1）I saw her _(play)basketball when I met her.2)I often saw her _(play)basketball last week.3)I heard lucy_(go)downstairs and _(go)out.playingplaygogo3.need,want require+to do 与doingMy bike needs _(repair),and I want _(repair)it.repairing to repairTo do 表示被动，与主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，doing 表示主动，与主语有逻辑上的主谓关系4.ing与-ed 如：interesting 与interested；exciting与excited等的区别。如：Im very _(surprise)at the _(surprise)matter.surprisedsurprising5、注意介词、注意介词to 在短语中的应用在短语中的应用+doingmake a contribution to(为做为做-做贡献），做贡献），pay attention to（注意做（注意做-），），look forward to(盼望做盼望做-），），prefer-to-(喜欢喜欢-而不喜欢），而不喜欢），be used to(习惯于做习惯于做-）