高中英语语法之冠词y.ppt
冠词的用法冠词的用法THE ARTICLE冠词冠词The woman with a large haton her head isbeautiful.冠词，顾名思义，就是戴在名词头上的一顶帽子。它是虚词，本身不能单独使用，只能附在一个名词上帮助说明这名词的含义。英语中冠词有三个，一是定冠词（the Definite Article）翻译成“这个”或“这些”；二是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article）译作“一个”或“一类”,三是零冠词（Zero Article），），无意思。无意思。比如：我们说“书”用“book”是对的，但是，放在一个句子里，如：There is book on the desk.This is book I bought there.The time is precious.以三句就是错句athe定语从句定语从句/冠词的用法：冠词的用法：冠词冠词定定冠词冠词 Definite Article不定冠词不定冠词 Indefinite Article零冠词零冠词 Zero Article不定冠词的基本用法不定冠词的基本用法不定冠词有“a和an”两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，而不是辅音字母前；an用在以元音音素开头的词前，而不是元音字母前，如hour，首字母为辅音，但第一个发音是“a”，故用anuniversity虽首字母为元音，但发音以“jU:”开头，故用a1.用于可数名词的单数形式之前，表示一 There is a man in the room.2.表示一类人或事物,a+名词A tiger can be dangerous.也可用定冠词the+形容词（代表一类人）The poor are still poor.3.表示表示某一个某一个的意思的意思 A Mr.Wang wants to see you.4.表示同一的意思 They are of an age.The two shirts are much of a size.5.表示每一的意思Wegoswimmingfourtimesaweek.6.第一次提到的人或事物，但不特指是哪一个Longlongagotherewasanoldkingwhohadaverybeautifuldaughter.7.在感叹句what.的句式中Whataprettygirlsheis!8.用在某些表示数量的词组中：alotof许多acoupleof一对agreatmany很多adozen一打agreatdealof大量9用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.10.用于习惯用语中allofasudden,Infact,asaresultalittle,agreatmany=averylargenumberofagreatdeal(of.),haveacoldhaveagoodtime定冠词的用法定冠词的用法1.用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，这是定冠词的基本用法ThisisthehousewhereLuxunoncelived.2.用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物Openthedoor,please.3.用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”）Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.4.用在序数词和形容词最高级前,或next,same,only等表示独特含义的词语前Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.WhenisthenextflighttoBeijing.HeistheonlypersonIwanttosee.5.表示地球、宇宙等独一无二的事物 the sun,the moon,the earth,the sky,the world6.在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Pacific Ocean,the Huanghe River 7.指由普通名词构成的专有名词 the West Lake,the Great Wall the United States,the WTO 8.表示地点、方位、具体的时间或某天的一部分等。in the east,on the right,in the afternoon9.和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物thepoor穷人therich富人thesick病人thewounded伤员thegood好人thebeautiful美丽的事物10.the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物Thehorseisausefulanimal.11.用于西洋乐器前（民族乐器前不加）playthepiano弹钢琴playtheviolin拉小提琴*中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:playerhu(二胡)12.用于发明物前，这时名词要用单数。the+n发明物必须是单数whoinventedthetelephone?13.与民族、国籍的形容词连用，表整个民族，所有国人 the Chinese are brave people14.用在表示自然现象的名词前 the rain,the air,the snow.Dont stand in the rain.但这类名词前有形容词修饰时，可用不定冠词，表示一阵，一场，一种 a cold wind is blowing.a heavy snow is falling outside.15.用在表示计算单位的名词前，含有“每，每一”的意思 Eggs are sold by the kilogram.16.用在某些固定用法里：in the morning,go to the cinema,on the way to,at the same time,by the way,all the time注意、：在人体部位名词前He seized me by the arm.(hit/strike/beat)sb.+in/on+the+部位I hit Tom on the nose/shoulder/head.He struck the thief in the face/eyes.(pull/seize/lead/catch)sb.+by+the+部位She led the cow by the nose.I seized her by the hand.零零冠词的用法冠词的用法 1.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前一般不加冠词（在特指时要加冠词）China中国Europe欧洲Money金钱water特指时加冠词thewaterinmycupisdirty.2.用于复数名词前，泛指一类人或事物，但特指时需加冠词Studentsshouldstudyhard.特指时加冠词Thestudentsareclever.3.月份、星期、节日前一般不加冠词（在特指时加冠词）January,Sunday,ChristmasDay,Thanksgiving比较：.onaSundaymorning.（表示某一个。）注:民族节日前要加the如:theSpringFestival4.三餐、四季前一般不加冠词,特指则加Ihavelunchatschool.比较：Ihadabiglunchyesterday.（表示特指）Summeristhebestseasonforswimming.比较：IwillneverforgetthesummerwespentinHawaii.（表示特指）5.进行球类运动playbasketball,playvolleyball6.在职位或表示头衔的名词前。King,captain,president,mom7.没有特指的不可数抽象名词Timeisprecious.比较：Thetimeoftheplaywas1990s.（表示特指）8.固定词组athome,atnight,onfoot,gotobed用与不用冠词的差异：用与不用冠词的差异：gotoschoolgototheschoolinfrontofinthefrontofoutofquestionoutofthequestiontwoofusthetwoofusinfutureinthefuturenextyearthenextyearonearthontheearth去上学去学校在前面在的前部毫无疑问不可能的，办不到的我们当中的两人我们两人(共计两人)从今以后，将来未来第二年明年在地球上，在世上究竟冠词的特殊位置冠词的特殊位置(1)若修饰名词的形容词受too,so,as,how,however等副词的修饰，则通常将不定冠词置于形容词与名词之间：Itistoodifficultabookforbeginners.Hedidntknowhowgreatamistakehehadmade.(2)若单数可数名词前有such,what,many等词修饰，不定冠词应置于它们之后：Whatanicecoat!Iveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.注：“manya单数可数名词”是一种较文的说法，在现代英语的口语或非正式文体中，通常用“many复数名词”代之。(3)不定冠词与副词quite,rather连用时，不定冠词通常置于其后，但若其后的名词前有形容词修饰，则不定冠词放在quite,rather之前或之后均可以：Heisratherafool.(a必须后置)Itisquiteaaquitegoodbook.。但不能说：Heisaratherfool.(因名词前无形容词，所以错)定冠词与quite和rather连用时，情况也是如此(即定冠词后置)：Youregoingquitethewrongway.你的路全走错了。ItsquitethemostinterestingfilmIveeverseen.(4)与both,all,half,twice等连用时，冠词通常应置于其后：Iknowboththebrothers.Yoursistwicethesizeofmine.不定冠词的位置不定冠词的位置考题点击考题点击1 _ role she played in the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar.(2002上海春)A.How interesting B.How an interesting C.What interesting D.What an interesting D D不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。但位于下列形容词之后：such，what，many，half，如：I have never seen such an animal.Many a man is fit for the job.考题点击考题点击2 We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.(2003上海)A.a rush so anxious B.a such anxious rush C.so an anxious rush D.such an anxious rushD D当名词前的形容词被副词 as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a distance.还需注意下面三个问题：还需注意下面三个问题：1、quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot 2、在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后：Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes.他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。3、当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。定冠词的位置定冠词的位置考题点击考题点击1 He did it _ it took me.(2003北京)A.one-third a time B.one-third time C.the one-third time D.one-third the timeD D定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all，both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。1.The sign reads“In case of_ fire,break the glass and push_ red button.(NMET2003)2.A.;a B.;the C.the;the D.a;a3.2.Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_ exciting experience.(NMET2002)4.A.;the B.;an C.an;an D.the;the5.3.Boris has brains.In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.(2002)6.A.a high B.a higher C.the higher D.the highestBCB4.The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _ wool used.A.;B.the;the C.the;D.;the5.Most animals have little connection with_ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food.(NMET2000)A.the;a B.;a C.;the D.the;the B.6.Paper money was in_ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteen centuryC.A.the;a B.the;the C.;the D.;CBCA.7.-Have you seen _ pen?I left it here this morning.B.-Is it _ black one?I think I saw it somewhere.C.a;the B.the;the C.the;a D.a;a D.8.Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.E.A.a;B.the;an C.the;the D.;theDA9._ news conference does not always offer_ truthful information.A./;/B.The;/C.A;the D.A;/10.Though they are_ people of different sorts,they always buy dresses of _ style.A./;the B.the;a C./;a D.the;the11.Dolly _ sheep,the worlds first cloned animal,was given _ shot to end her life on Feb.14 because she was suffering from a lung disease common in much older sheep.A./;a B.the;a C.a;the D./;theDCB
