hreekindsoffatigue研究生英语课文U.ppt

Unit 4 Three kinds of fatigueI.Introductionn nWeallwanttobehealthy,butintodayssocietyWeallwanttobehealthy,butintodayssocietywheremanyoccupationsdonotinvolvephysicalwheremanyoccupationsdonotinvolvephysicalactivity,maintaininghealthisoftendifficult.Peopleactivity,maintaininghealthisoftendifficult.Peopletrytostayhealthyinavarietyofways,includingtrytostayhealthyinavarietyofways,includingdailyexercises,dieting,andforsometryingtostopdailyexercises,dieting,andforsometryingtostopsmoking.Yetmaintainingoneshealthisnotallthatsmoking.Yetmaintainingoneshealthisnotallthateasy.Althoughhealth-consciouspeoplemayeasy.Althoughhealth-consciouspeoplemayexerciseordietseriouslyforacertainlengthofexerciseordietseriouslyforacertainlengthoftime,manyofthemdiscontinuetheseactivitiesduetime,manyofthemdiscontinuetheseactivitiesduetoalossofmotivation.toalossofmotivation.n nThisessayexploresonecommonprobleminourThisessayexploresonecommonprobleminournot-so-healthysociety.Theauthoranalyzesthenot-so-healthysociety.Theauthoranalyzesthecausesoffatigueintocausesoffatigueintothreekinds-threekinds-physical,-physical,pathological,andpsychological-andthendiscussespathological,andpsychological-andthendiscusseswhatwhatcausescausescertaintypesoffatigueandstudiescertaintypesoffatigueandstudieshowhoweachcauseoperatestoproducetiredness,andeachcauseoperatestoproducetiredness,andwhatwhatshouldbedonetocombatthefatigue.So,inshouldbedonetocombatthefatigue.So,inthistypicalclassificationessay,itislessaquestionthistypicalclassificationessay,itislessaquestionofwhetheryouhavegotthecategoriesright,andofwhetheryouhavegotthecategoriesright,andmoreaquestionofwhetheryoucanmakeamoreaquestionofwhetheryoucanmakeaconvincingcasefortheonesyoudiscover.convincingcasefortheonesyoudiscover.FatigueisoneofthemostcommonFatigueisoneofthemostcommoncomplaintscomplaints broughttodoctors,friends,andrelatives.Youdbroughttodoctors,friends,andrelatives.Youdthinkthinkinthiseraofinthiseraof labor-savinglabor-savingdevicesanddevicesandconvenienttransportationthatfewpeoplewouldconvenienttransportationthatfewpeoplewouldhavereasontobesotired.havereasontobesotired.ButButprobablymoreprobablymorepeoplepeoplecomplainofcomplainoffatiguetodaythaninthefatiguetodaythaninthedayswhendayswhenhayhaywasbaledbyhandandwasbaledbyhandandlaundrylaundryscrubbedscrubbedonawashboard.(Mainidea)onawashboard.(Mainidea)ThecausesThecausesofmodern-dayfatiguearediverseofmodern-dayfatiguearediverseandonlyandonlyrarelyrelatedtorarelyrelatedtoexcessivephysicalexcessivephysicalexertion.Therelativelyfewpeoplewhodoheavyexertion.Therelativelyfewpeoplewhodoheavylaboralldaylongalmostneverlaboralldaylongalmostnevercomplainaboutcomplainabout beingtired,perhapsbecausetheybeingtired,perhapsbecausetheyexpecttobeexpecttobe.Today,physiciansreport,tirednessismorelikelyToday,physiciansreport,tirednessismorelikelyaconsequenceofaconsequenceofunder-exertionthanofunder-exertionthanofwearingwearingyourselfdownwithover-activityyourselfdownwithover-activity.Infact,.Infact,increasedphysicalactivityisoftenprescribedasincreasedphysicalactivityisoftenprescribedasaacureforcureforloweringenergy.loweringenergy.(Howcanincreasedphysicalactivitybeacure?)(Howcanincreasedphysicalactivitybeacure?)Physical(Whatsthecauseandthesolution?)Physical(Whatsthecauseandthesolution?)Thisisthewell-knownresultofoverworkingThisisthewell-knownresultofoverworkingyourmusclestothepointwheremetabolicyourmusclestothepointwheremetabolicwasteproductscarbondioxideandlacticacidwasteproductscarbondioxideandlacticacidaccumulateinourbloodandreduceyouraccumulateinourbloodandreduceyourstrength.Yourmusclescantcontinuetoworkstrength.Yourmusclescantcontinuetoworkefficientlyefficientlyinabathofinabathofthesechemicals.Physicalthesechemicals.Physicalfatigueisusuallyfatigueisusuallyapleasanttirednessapleasanttiredness,suchas,suchasthatwhichyoumightexperienceafterplayingthatwhichyoumightexperienceafterplayingaahardsetofhardsetoftennis,choppingwood,orclimbingtennis,choppingwood,orclimbingamountain.Thecureisamountain.Thecureissimpleandfastsimpleandfast:You:Yourest,givingyourbodyachancetogetridofrest,givingyourbodyachancetogetridofaccumulatedwastesandrestoremusclefuel.accumulatedwastesandrestoremusclefuel.Pathological Pathological(Whatarethepossiblecausesandwhat(Whatarethepossiblecausesandwhatshouldbedone?)shouldbedone?)HerefatigueisawarningsignorconsequenceofHerefatigueisawarningsignorconsequenceofsomesomeunderlyingphysicaldisorderunderlyingphysicaldisorder,perhapsthecommoncoldor,perhapsthecommoncoldorfluorsomethingmoreseriouslikediabetesorcancer.fluorsomethingmoreseriouslikediabetesorcancer.UsuallyUsuallyothersymptomsothersymptomsbesidesfatiguearepresentthatbesidesfatiguearepresentthatsuggestthetruecause.suggestthetruecause.Evenafteranillnesshaspassed,yourelikelytoEvenafteranillnesshaspassed,yourelikelytofeelfeeldraggedoutfordraggedoutforaweekormore.Takeyourfatigueasaaweekormore.Takeyourfatigueasasignaltosignaltogoslowgoslowwhileyourbodyhasachancetorecoverwhileyourbodyhasachancetorecoverfullyevenifallyouhadwasacold.Pushingyourselftofullyevenifallyouhadwasacold.Pushingyourselftoresumefullactivitytoosooncouldleadtoarelapseandresumefullactivitytoosooncouldleadtoarelapseandalmostcertainlywillprolongourperiodoffatigue.almostcertainlywillprolongourperiodoffatigue.EventhoughillnessisnotfrequentcauseofprolongedEventhoughillnessisnotfrequentcauseofprolongedfatigue,itsveryimportantthatitnotbeoverlooked.fatigue,itsveryimportantthatitnotbeoverlooked.Therefore,anyonewhoTherefore,anyonewhofeelsdrainedofenergyforfeelsdrainedofenergyforweeksweeksonendonendshouldhaveathoroughshouldhaveathoroughphysicalcheck-upphysicalcheck-up.But.Butevenifnothingevenifnothingshowsupshowsupasaresultofthevariousasaresultofthevariousmedicaltests,thatdoesntmeantheresnothingwrongmedicaltests,thatdoesntmeantheresnothingwrongwithyou.(subhealth)withyou.(subhealth)Psychological(Causesandnegativesolutions)Psychological(Causesandnegativesolutions)Emotionalproblemsandconflicts,especiallydepressionEmotionalproblemsandconflicts,especiallydepressionandanxiety,arebyfarthemostcommoncausesofandanxiety,arebyfarthemostcommoncausesofprolongedfatigue.Fatiguemayrepresentadefenceprolongedfatigue.Fatiguemayrepresentadefencemechanismthatpreventsyoufromhavingtofacethetruemechanismthatpreventsyoufromhavingtofacethetruecauseofyourdepression,suchasthefactthatyouhatecauseofyourdepression,suchasthefactthatyouhateyourjob.Itisalsoyourbodyssafetymechanismforyourjob.Itisalsoyourbodyssafetymechanismforexpressingrepressedemotionalconflicts,suchasfeelingexpressingrepressedemotionalconflicts,suchasfeelingtrappedinanungratefulroleoranunhappymarriage.trappedinanungratefulroleoranunhappymarriage.Whensuchfeelingsarenotexpressedopenly,theyoftenWhensuchfeelingsarenotexpressedopenly,theyoftencomeoutasphysicalsymptoms,withfatigueasoneofthecomeoutasphysicalsymptoms,withfatigueasoneofthemostcommonmanifestations.Manypeoplewhomostcommonmanifestations.Manypeoplewhoareareextremelyfatiguedextremelyfatigueddontevenknowtheyredepressed,dontevenknowtheyredepressed,Dr.Bulettesays.TheyresobusydistractingthemselvesDr.Bulettesays.Theyresobusydistractingthemselvesorjustworryingaboutbeingtiredthattheydontorjustworryingaboutbeingtiredthattheydontrecognizetheirdepression.recognizetheirdepression.ThereisagreatdealyoucandoThereisagreatdealyoucandoonyourownonyourowntodealtodealwithbothsevereprolongedfatigueandthoseperiodicwithbothsevereprolongedfatigueandthoseperiodicwashed-outwashed-outfeelings.Vitaminsandtranquilizersarealmostfeelings.Vitaminsandtranquilizersarealmostnevertherightanswer,sleepingpillsandalcoholarenevertherightanswer,sleepingpillsandalcoholarecounterproductive,andcaffeineiscounterproductive,andcaffeineisatbestatbestatemporaryatemporarysolutionthatcansolutionthatcanbackfirewithbackfirewithabuseandcauselife-abuseandcauselife-disruptingsymptomsofanxiety.Instead,youmighttry:disruptingsymptomsofanxiety.Instead,youmighttry:Diet DietIfyoueatasmallIfyoueatasmallbreakfast breakfast ornoneatall,yourelikelyornoneatall,yourelikelytoexperiencemid-morningfatigue,theresultofatoexperiencemid-morningfatigue,theresultofadropindropinbloodsugarbloodsugar,whichyourbodyandbraindependonfor,whichyourbodyandbraindependonforenergy.Forpeakenergyinthemorning,besuretoeataenergy.Forpeakenergyinthemorning,besuretoeataproperbreakfast,lowinsugarandfairlyhighinprotein,properbreakfast,lowinsugarandfairlyhighinprotein,whichwillprovideasteadysupplyofbloodsugarwhichwillprovideasteadysupplyofbloodsugarthroughoutthemorning.Coffeeandadoughnutarethroughoutthemorning.Coffeeandadoughnutarealmostworsethannothing,providingabriefboostandalmostworsethannothing,providingabriefboostandthenthenlettingyoudownlettingyoudown withwithathud.athud.(Why and what(Why and what breakfast?)breakfast?)ExerciseExerciseContrary toContrary towhatyoumaythink,exerciseenhances,whatyoumaythink,exerciseenhances,ratherthanratherthansapssaps,energy.Regularconditioningexercises,energy.Regularconditioningexercises,suchasjogging,cycling,orswimming,helpyoutoresistsuchasjogging,cycling,orswimming,helpyoutoresistfatiguebyincreasingyourbodysabilitytohandlefatiguebyincreasingyourbodysabilitytohandlemoremoreofofaworkload.Yougettiredlessquicklybecauseyouraworkload.Yougettiredlessquicklybecauseyourcapabilityisgreater.capabilityisgreater.Exercisealsohasawell-recognizedtranquilizingExercisealsohasawell-recognizedtranquilizingeffect,whichhelpsyouworkinamorerelaxedfashioneffect,whichhelpsyouworkinamorerelaxedfashionandbelessdraggeddownbythetensionsofyourday.Atandbelessdraggeddownbythetensionsofyourday.Attheendofadayexercisecantheendofadayexercisecanrelieverelieveaccumulatedaccumulatedtensions,giveyoumoreenergyintheevening,andhelptensions,giveyoumoreenergyintheevening,andhelpyousleepmorerestfully.yousleepmorerestfully.(Why and what exercise?)(Why and what exercise?)SleepSleepIfyouknowyouretiredbecauseyouhaventbeenIfyouknowyouretiredbecauseyouhaventbeengettingenoughsleep,thesolutionissimple:Gettobedgettingenoughsleep,thesolutionissimple:Gettobedearlier.Theresnorightamountofsleepforeveryone,andearlier.Theresnorightamountofsleepforeveryone,andgenerallysleeprequirementsgenerallysleeprequirementsdecline with agedecline with age.Findthe.Findtheamountthatsuitsyoubest,andaimforit.Insomniaandamountthatsuitsyoubest,andaimforit.Insomniaandothersleepdisordersshouldnotbetreatedwithsleepingothersleepdisordersshouldnotbetreatedwithsleepingpills,alcohol,ortranquilizers,whichcanactuallymakepills,alcohol,ortranquilizers,whichcanactuallymaketheproblemworse.theproblemworse.(Two items?)(Two items?)Know yourselfKnow yourselfTrytoTrytoschedulescheduleyourmostdifficultjobsyourmostdifficultjobsforforthetimeofthetimeofdaywhenyoureatyourpeak.Somearemorningdaywhenyoureatyourpeak.Somearemorningpeoplewhotirebymid-afternoon;othersdotheirbestpeoplewhotirebymid-afternoon;othersdotheirbestworkintheevening.Dontoverextendyourself,tryingtoworkintheevening.Dontoverextendyourself,tryingtoclimbtheladderofsuccessatarecordpaceortomeetclimbtheladderofsuccessatarecordpaceortomeeteveryonesdemandsorexpectations.Decidewhatyoueveryonesdemandsorexpectations.Decidewhatyouwanttodoandwhatyoucanhandlecomfortably,andwanttodoandwhatyoucanhandlecomfortably,andlearntolearntosaynotosaynotoadditionalrequests.Recognizeyouradditionalrequests.Recognizeyourenergycyclesandplanaccordingly.Manywomenhaveaenergycyclesandplanaccordingly.Manywomenhavealowpointpremenstrually,duringwhichtimeextrasleeplowpointpremenstrually,duringwhichtimeextrasleepmaybeneededanddemandingactivitiesareparticularlymaybeneededanddemandingactivitiesareparticularlyexhausting.exhausting.(What should you know about yourself?)(What should you know about yourself?)Take breaks Take breaksNomatterhowinterestingordemandingyourNomatterhowinterestingordemandingyourworkis,youllbeabletodoitwithworkis,youllbeabletodoitwithmorevigormorevigorifnowifnowandagainyoustop,stretch,andchangethescenery.andagainyoustop,stretch,andchangethescenery.InsteadofcoffeeandasweetrollInsteadofcoffeeandasweetrollononyourbreak,tryyourbreak,trymeditation,yoga,callisthenics,orabriskwalk.Evenmeditation,yoga,callisthenics,orabriskwalk.Evenrunningupanddownthestaircasecanproviderunningupanddownthestaircasecanproviderefreshmentfromasedentaryjob./Ifyourjobisrefreshmentfromasedentaryjob./Ifyourjobisphysicallydemanding,relaxinaquietplaceforaphysicallydemanding,relaxinaquietplaceforawhile./Thedo-something-differentrulealsoapplieswhile./Thedo-something-differentrulealsoappliestovacation;gettingawayfromitallforaweekortovacation;gettingawayfromitallforaweekortwoorlongercanbehighlytwoorlongercanbehighlyrevitalizingrevitalizing,helpingyou,helpingyoutotoputthingsinperspectiveputthingsinperspectiveandenablingyoutotakeandenablingyoutotakeyourjobmoreyourjobmoreinstrideinstrideuponyourreturn.uponyourreturn.(What are the dos and donts about break-(What are the dos and donts about break-taking?)taking?)Tasksn nTrytofindallthesynonymsofn n1.tiredn n2.energeticn nFinishandmemorizeExIIatP651.Accordingtothepassage,itishardforpeopletofindcausesof1.Accordingtothepassage,itishardforpeopletofindcausesoftirednesswhentheyareleadingacomfortableandconvenienttirednesswhentheyareleadingacomfortableandconvenientlife.life.2.Causesofcertaintypesoffatiguearediscussedand2.Causesofcertaintypesoffatiguearediscussedandsomesuggestionsareputforwardinthepassage.somesuggestionsareputforwardinthepassage.3.Mostpeopledontwanttotalkabouttheirunhappy3.Mostpeopledontwanttotalkabouttheirunhappyfeelingswithothers.feelingswithothers.4.Physicalfatigueisgoodbecauseitbringsusalotof4.Physicalfatigueisgoodbecauseitbringsusalotofpleasure.pleasure.5.Psychologicalfatigueisthelikelyresponseofourbody5.Psychologicalfatigueisthelikelyresponseofourbodytoemotionalproblemsandconflicts.toemotionalproblemsandconflicts.6.Coffeeandadoughnutmakethesatisfyingbreakfastas6.Coffeeandadoughnutmakethesatisfyingbreakfastastheyprovidepeoplewiththedesiredenergy.theyprovidepeoplewiththedesiredenergy.7.Whenyouhaveaprolongedfatigue,itisnecessaryto7.Whenyouhaveaprolongedfatigue,itisnecessarytohaveathoroughphysicalcheck-upevenifthereisnothinghaveathoroughphysicalcheck-upevenifthereisnothingwrongwithyou.wrongwithyou.8.Nomatterhowinterestingordemandingyourwork,you8.Nomatterhowinterestingordemandingyourwork,youneedto_.needto_.9.Fromthepassage,itcanbeseenthattheauthors9.Fromthepassage,itcanbeseenthattheauthorsattitudestowardstheapproachtodealingwithmodern-fatigueattitudestowardstheapproachtodealingwithmodern-fatigueis_.is_.10.Accordingtophysiciansreport,tirednessmore10.Accordingtophysiciansreport,tirednessmoreprobablyresultsfrom_.probablyresultsfrom_.I.N2.Y3.NG4.N5.Y6.N7.N8.takebreaks9.I.N2.Y3.NG4.N5.Y6.N7.N8.takebreaks9.positive10.under-exertionpositive10.under-exertionII.Language pointsn n1.fatigue:n.greattiredness1.fatigue:n.greattirednessn nHishealthisdeterioratingfromfatigue.Hishealthisdeterioratingfromfatigue.Sheflungherselfuponasofa,protestingSheflungherselfuponasofa,protestingthatshewasfatiguedtodeath.thatshewasfatiguedtodeath.n nVt.Heistoofatiguedtoeat.Vt.Heistoofatiguedtoeat.n nVi.Thewo