《研究生英语》PPT课件.ppt

Unit 1Travel LanguageWarming-up Activities:1.Nowadays,some scholars suggest that the Chinese language should be purified because it is being seriously contaminated.Do you agree with them?Why?Or why not?2.Can you give examples around you of misuse of English?Introduction to the Author:Karsten SchmidtA Chief Executive Officer.Founded one of the oldest Contract Research Organizations in Europe in 1971.The company is reorganized in 1996.He also has many other titles.Introduction to the text:It has been said that as technology advances,the world grows smaller.It is much easier to travel to any corner of the globe today than it was 100 years ago.As people from different countries mix,how will they communicate?Whether because England colonized many areas around the world or because the United States has become a business and political giant,English has become a common ground on which people of all nationalities can stand together.In many places,having signs posted in English links the place with prosperity in peoples minds.The path to this common ground is long.Acquiring a second language is not easy and mastering one can take a lifetime.What happens when language learners,seeking prosperity,trip along the way;when a language is bungled so badly that the meaning is changed?Structure:Part 1:(Para.1-2)The attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people toward keeping their mother tongue“pure”.Part 2:(Para.3-15)Examples of how English is misused or even abused in non-English speaking countries.Part 3:(Para 16)The status of English as an international language is more important than its purification.Para.1Does the author appreciate French scholars efforts to purify their language?How do you know?The author does not appreciate the French attitude.He believes that they have gone to the extreme,because he says that“the mind boggles at what the world might face.”That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.1.The law covers even technical applications.(lines 4-5,Para.1)The law even describes regulations for using technical terms.2.The list is very long and detailed and applies to all facets of life.(line 7,Para.1)The word list is very long and detailed,covering all aspects of life.3.The mind boggles at what the world might face.(lines 10-11,Para.1)boggle at:If your mind boggles at sth or if sth boggles your mind,you find it difficult to imagine it or understand it fully and are therefore very confused by it.People find it difficult to imagine what change may happen to French.Para.2The author admits that English is not as well protected as French.Even the Americans have deviated from the British,and thus“making communication somewhat difficult.”But why does he believe that this is“perhaps not”an unfortunate thing?Because it is hardly possible to protect English since it is so widely used in the world.What does“speech deficiency”mean in the last sentence?Does the author agree with the Americans point of view?It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard to pronunciation and spelling of English.The author seems to agree with the Americans viewpoint.4.Quite apart from the unforgivable deviations from the Kings English prevalent in America,(lines 2-3,Para.2)Very different from the unacceptable changes from British English popular in American English“the Kings English”refers to British spoken or written English that is considered the standard of good usage.Also known as the Queens English.5.it could be argued that the British speak English with a speech deficiency.(lines 10-11,Para.2)it could be argued that when British people speak English,they may use some nonstandard English(lacking some words or use incomplete English).Para.31.The word“lingo”means“a foreign language,”but it has a derogative sense.Why should the author refer to English as“the Kings lingo”?The Kings English refers to English in its most proper and formal use.However,as it is used in foreign places,it is often used improperly.Here“lingo”mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign usages.2.Why does the author call the English used in foreign countries“a poor relation thereof”?Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standard British English,sometimes they are barely recognizable.6.Anyone and indeed in everyday life can testify that what used to be the Kings lingo has become in these places but a poor relation thereof.(lines 1-4,Para.3)In daily life,anyone can find proof that standard English has changed in these places and may consider a lesser version of the language.Para.47.The travel writer Perrot Phillips has taken pains to highlight some of his experiences,which I feel should not be withheld from a wider readership.(lines 1-3,Para.4)take pains(to do sth):make a great effort(to do it or to do it properly)withhold:v.refuse to grant or giveThe travel writer Perrot Phillips has made great efforts to describe some of his specific experiences,to which I think more readers should be exposed.A wider relationship means a bigger audience than only those who have read his books.8.He refers to a Dutch bulb catalogue which promised customers“a speedy execution”and to an East Berlin cloakroom sign that requested guests to“please hang yourself here.”(line 3-5,Para.4)He talks about a Dutch light bulb catalogue which promised customers fast action by saying“a speedy execution”which can mislead people by making them think they will be put to death quickly.He also mentions a cloakroom sigh in East Berlin“please hang yourself here”which means“please kill yourself here by hanging”to English speakers.What is the intended meaning of“please hang yourself here”?Please hang your own coat and hat here.Para.59.To these I can add some of my own experiences,encountered in long years of traveling the world.(lines 1-2,Para.5)To these examples mentioned above,I can add my own which I saw when I traveled around the world.10.There was,for example,the observation in an Ostend novelty shop that“revolting new ideas”were being marketed,and the boast of some Bombay bakers that“we are No.1 loafers,best value in whole town.”(lines 2-5,Para.5)Novelty shop means a shop that sells new and unusual items,sometimes referred to as revolutionary items.Hence the humor for the mistaken word“revolting”.For example,I noticed a novelty shop advertising their“revolting new ideas”which can mean“disgusting new ideas”literally and some Bombay bakers advertising by saying“We are No.1 loafers,best value in whole town”which can mean“We are the laziest,the best in the whole town.”What is the intended meaning of“revolting new ideas”?What does it mean literally?The literal meaning is that disgusting new ideas were being sold.“Revolutionary”ideas were being sold.What is the intended meaning of“We are No.1loafers,best value in whole town”?What does it mean literally?The literal meaning of it is that we are idle,lazy persons.We are the best bakers in the town.Para.611.I realized how far Christianity had come when I read in Hong Kong the following call by a dentist.(lines 1-2,Para.6)I realized how influential Christianity had been when I read in Hong Kong the following expression by a dentist.(Methodists are a Protestant Christian sect.)What is the intended meaning of“the teeth they are extracted here by the latest Methodists”?What does it mean literally?The literal meaning is a Christian denomination.The latest method.Para.712.I feel quite strongly,however,that the Haifa Medical Association should have prevented one of its members from claiming on his brass plate (lines 3-5,Para.7)I most certainly think it is very likely that the Haifa Medical Association should have kept one of its members from asserting on his brass plate What is the intended meaning of“specialist in women and other diseases”?What does it mean literally?The literal meaning is to regard women as a disease or womanizer.A doctor for womens diseases.Para.813.Hotels seem to revel in their multilingual signs.(line 1,Para.8)Hotels seem to love to give signs in different languages.14.One supposes these signs were designed to facilitate the use of modern services in otherwise sterile and barely functional establishments.(lines 1-3,Para.8)facilitate:v.make easy or easier;help forward;aid;promotePeople believe that the purposes of these signs are to help guests to use modern equipment,and that without these signs,the hotel might seem boring and useless.15.Nevertheless,the unsuspecting guests confronted in a Brussels hotel with the following instruction for the use of the life(elevator)might well prefer to walk (lines 3-6,Para.8)But,the inexperienced guests seeing in a Brussels hotel advice for using the lift might choose to walk What is the intended meaning of“To move the lift,push button to wishing floor.If the cabin should enterfor visiting station.(lines 6-10,para.8)What does it mean literally?The literal meaning is inefficiency of the lift.Press the button of the lift to move it.What is the intended meaning of“To call room service,please to open door and call ROOM SERVICE”?What does it mean literally?The literal meaning is“open the door and call out the words ROOM SERVICE”.The intended meaning is how to get service.16.The less sophisticated notice in Istanbul at least does not confront the guest with electronics that might not always work.(lines 10-14,Para.8)The less complex notice in Istanbul at least wont make guests trouble with electronics that may not work.Para.917.In Turkey,the delight in“straight talk”expresses itself in the by-now-famous Ankara brochure (lines 1-2,Para.9)In Turkey,the joy in“direct talk”reveals itself in the now popular Ankara pamphlet What is the intended meaning of“Visit our restaurant where you can eat Middle East foods in an European ambulance”?(lines 2-3,Para.9)What does it mean literally?The literal meaning is a car that rushes a person to the hospital.The intended meaning is in an European atmosphere.What is the intended meaning of“Our wines leave nothing to hope for”?(lines 4-5,Para.9)What does it mean literally?The literal meaning is our wine is very bad;hopeless.The intended meaning is to serve the best wine.Para.1019.Eastern European courtesies have never left the once grand hotels of the former Austro-Hungarian empire.(lines 1-2,Para.10)In the former grand hotels of the Austro-Hungarian empire,Eastern European courtesies still exist.20.A notice in the hotel rooms that“the honored guests are invited to take advantage of the chamber maids from 12-14 oclock”might,however,result in some unplanned traffic jams.(lines 2-5,Para.10)A note saying that guests can have sexual relations with the maids from 12-14 oclock might cause many people to stand in line,causing the corridors to be blocked.What is the intended meaning of the notice?It means the chamber maids are not busy from 12-14 oclock.21.A recent Moscow exhibitions announcement drew attention to“a showing of 300 paintings by Russian artists,most of whom were executed in the last ten years”hardly a welcoming thought to the occasional visitor.(lines 5-8,Para.10)Recently people paid attention to the words from a Moscow exhibitions announcement:“an exhibit of 300 paintings by Russian artists,most of whom were put to death in the last ten years”hardly a pleasant thought to tourists.What is the intended meaning of the announcement?It means the pictures were painted in the last ten years.Para.11What is the intended meaning of“Leave your clothes here and enjoy yourself”?What does it mean literally?The literal meaning is to be naked or take off your clothes.The intended meaning is to leave your laundry.22.could also be seen as an invitation to extracurricular activities in that Far Eastern capital of fun.(lines 2-3,Para.11)could also be regarded as an invitation to get involved in some sexual activities in that Far Eastern capital of pleasure.Para.13What is the intended meaning of“Balls!Balls!Balls!”?What does it mean literally?The literal meaning is a reference to male sex organs.The intended meaning is dancing is going on.24.We are spared the upper Bavarian version of the activity.(line 7,Para.13)spare:v.If someone spares you the unpleasant aspects of a story or incident,they do not tell them to you.We are saved from learning the upper Bavarian dance.Para.14What is the intended meaning of“It is strictly forbidden unless they are married with each other for the purpose”?(lines 2-5,Para.14)What does it mean literally?The literal meaning is to imply that men and women must marry in order to live together.The intended meaning is moral requirement for who can share the same room.Para.1525.I am told that for the otherwise unsuspecting tourist,the following sign proved a real crowd puller.(lines 1-2,Para.15)I am told that apart from the unsuspecting tourist,the following sign could attract lots of readers.Para.1626.unprotected as our language is from the interference of emerging and ambitious entrepreneurs.(lines 2-3,Para.16)unguarded as our language is from the influence of new and bold business persons.27.for the sake of(line 5,Para.16)for the aim or purpose ofE.g.I usually check the door at night before I go to bed,just for the sake of safety.What is the authors tone in writing this article?Humor.What is the authors conclusion?The status of English as an international language is more important than its purification.What is the attitude of the author toward the abuse of English language in foreign countries?The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification of the English language.