2015八年级下Unit2SectionA.ppt
Unit 2Ill help to clean up the city park.Free talkDoyouwanttobeavolunteer?Whatkindofvolunteerworkdoyouthinkyoucoulddo?volunteer志愿者志愿者help old peoplegive out food at the food bankvisit sick people in the hospitalcheer up sick kids在校园集合在校园集合出发出发clean up the parkWhatelsecouldyoudotohelppeople?helpchildrenwiththeirschoolwork.visittheoldinanoldpeopleshome.helpwatchthetraffic.giveouroldbooksto“HopeSchool”.IdliketoIhopetoIcouldIvolunteerto.homelesspeopleIdliketohelphomelesspeople.KobeBryantwouldliketohelphomelesspeople.wearevolunteers.VolunteersMarkcheermyselfupB:Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.A:WhatcouldIdo?Learningcanhelpustogetourfuturedreamjobs.Theyvolunteerthereonceaweektohelpkidsleantowrite.Theyvolunteerthereonceaweektohelpkidsleantoread.putupsignsImmakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool.peoplewithouthomesstart;establishmakesomethingcleanmakesomeonehappierworkintheopenairmakesomethinghappenlatergivesomethingtosomebodyinordertohelpsomeonewhoneedshelptohangorsticksomethingon(aboard)cleanupputupcheerupworkoutsideofferhelpputoffgiveouthomelesspeoplesetupCan you match the phrases?Idliketohelphomelesspeople.Shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.GrammarFocusMariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.Shevolunteersthereonceaweektohelpkidsleantoread.Immakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool.动词不定式是一种动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式非谓语动词形式，其结构为其结构为“to“to动词原形动词原形”，其中，其中toto不是不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习等。本单元主要学习其作宾语，状语，宾补的用法。其作宾语，状语，宾补的用法。(一一)动词不定式动词不定式一一.作宾语作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：有：begin,want,remember,agree,learn,like,decide,fail,pretend,demand,refuse等。例：等。例：Iwanttotellyouastory.Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.Dontforgettolockthedoor.Wouldyouliketogoandhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?二二.作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语。例如：例如：TheteacheraskedustoreadEnglishforhalfanhourinthemorning.TheteacheroftentellsJimnottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Pleaseletmehelpyou.动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。等。但在但在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官听觉动词或使役动词等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：，可以归纳为以下三种句式：1.不可以省不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：的不定式作宾语补足语：tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/suppose/invite/encourage/teach/dependon等等+sb.+todosth.例：例：Theteachertoldustocomeearliertomorrow.Iwantyoutogonow.Herparentswishhertobeateacher.2.省省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：的不定式作宾语补足语：Let/make/have+sb.+dosth.Lettheboygooutnow.Theboymadethebabycry.see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb.+dosth.Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.Ioftenhearthegirlsinginthenextroom.3.可省可不省的：可省可不省的：helpsb.（to）dosth.Ioftenhelpmymother（to）dohousework.否定形式：否定形式：（1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加之前加not.例：例：Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.（2）省）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加面加not.例：例：Lettheboynotgo.三三.作状语作状语:（1）作目的状语。如：）作目的状语。如：Hestoppedtohavearest.强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用不定式可用inorderto或或soasto+动词原形，动词原形，soasto不用于句首。如：不用于句首。如：Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.（2）作结果状语。如：）作结果状语。如：Hewokeuponlytofindeverybodygone.HisgrandmalivedtoseetheliberationofChina.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。如容词后作原因状语。如:Improudtohavetakenpartinthecompetitions.e.g.ImhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando.PhrasalverbSentenceMeaningcheerupHelookssad.Letscheerhimup.makesbhappygiveoutWeregoingtogiveoutmoneytothepoor.handoutcomeupwithWeneedtocomeupwithsomeideas.thinkup(二二)动词短语动词短语一、定义一、定义 动词之后加介词或副词构成短语动词之后加介词或副词构成短语,表达表达 一种特定的含义一种特定的含义,称为动词短语。称为动词短语。二、分类二、分类 1.1.动词动词+介词介词 2.2.动词动词+副词副词 3.3.其它类动词词组其它类动词词组 1.动词动词+介词介词lookat看看looklike看上去像看上去像lookafter照料照料listento听听welcometo欢迎到欢迎到sayhelloto向向问好问好speakto对对说说此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。e.g.Heislookingafterhissister.Shealwaystakescareofthesechildren.2.动词动词+副词副词“动词动词+副词副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：所构成的短语义分为两类：A动词（动词（vt.）+副词副词puton穿上穿上takeoff脱下脱下writedown记下记下此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。的前面。e.g.Hetookoffhiscoat.B动词（动词（vi）+副词副词comeon赶快赶快getup起床起床gohome回家回家comein进来进来sitdown坐下坐下standup起立起立此类短语属于不及物动词此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。不可以带宾语。e.g.Comeon!Thebusiscoming!closethedoorlookthesamegotowork/classbeillhavealook/seathavesupperlookyounggoshoppingwatchTV/gamesplaygames3 3、其它类动词词组、其它类动词词组1.由由put引导的短语引导的短语putawayputonputupputoffputintoputdownputout常用短语及用法常用短语及用法把把放好放好穿上，把穿上，把放在放在上上举起，表现出，张贴举起，表现出，张贴推迟，拖延推迟，拖延把把放入，把放入，把翻译成翻译成记下，放下记下，放下放出，伸出放出，伸出2.由由give引导的短语引导的短语giveupgiveingiveoutgiveawaygivebackgiveoff放弃放弃屈服，让步屈服，让步分发，散发；用尽，耗尽分发，散发；用尽，耗尽捐赠，赠送；分发捐赠，赠送；分发归还，恢复归还，恢复发出，放出发出，放出3.由由call引导的短语引导的短语 calloncallupcallincallatcallfor访问（某人）；号召；要求访问（某人）；号召；要求打电话给打电话给；使人想起；使人想起找来，请来找来，请来访问访问(某处某处)；(车，船等车，船等)停靠停靠(某处某处)需要，要求需要，要求.由由take 引导的短语引导的短语 takebacktakeaftertakeawaytakedowntakeuptakeovertakeoff拿回；使疑惑拿回；使疑惑像像拿走，减去拿走，减去写下，记下；拆卸写下，记下；拆卸占据空间占据空间接过接过；接管；接管脱下；飞机起飞脱下；飞机起飞5.由由look引导的短语引导的短语lookafterlookforlookatlookintolookthroughlookoutlookoutoflookuplooklike照顾，照料照顾，照料寻找，找寻找，找看看调查；向调查；向里看里看浏览，快速地看浏览，快速地看小心小心向向外看外看查找，查询；向查找，查询；向上看上看看起来像看起来像6.由由show引导的短语引导的短语showupshowoffshowaround出现，露面出现，露面炫耀，卖弄炫耀，卖弄带带参观参观7.由由turn引导的短语引导的短语turnupturnonturnoffturndownturntoturnoverturninturnout把把(音量音量)开大；出现，到达开大；出现，到达打开打开关掉关掉(煤气、水、电等煤气、水、电等)把把(音量音量)关小；拒绝关小；拒绝向向求助；转向求助；转向翻转，翻身翻转，翻身归还，就寝归还，就寝结果是结果是，证明是，证明是；生产；生产1.Iwantto_myplantoworkinananimalhospitaluntilnextsummer.Imtoobusywithmystudiesthisyear.2.Shehopesto_atleastfiveprimaryschoolstoaskiftheyneedvolunteersfortheirafter-schoolprograms.4aFillintheblankswithphrasalverbsinthebox.putuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoffputoffcallup3.Ourclassistryingto_someideasto_sickchildrenbecausetheyareoftensad.4.Wedecidedto_signsaroundtheschooland_noticestotellstudentsaboutthebooksale.Wewill_eupwithcheerupputuphandoutgiveout4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.helpmovedomakevisitspendMostpeopletodayareonlyworriedaboutgettinggoodjobs_lotsofmoney.Intheirfreetime,theythinkaboutwhat_forfun.However,fewpeoplethinkaboutwhattheycando_others.Therearemanypeopletodotohelptomakewhoarelessluckythanus.Volunteeringourtimetohelpthesepeopleisagoodway_ourfreetime.Forexample,wecanmakeplans_sickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.Somepeopleevenstopdoingtheirjobsforafewmonthstoayear_toanotherplace，likeoneofthecountriesinAfrica,andhelppeopletheretospendtovisittomove4cCompletethesentenceswithyourownideas.Useinfinitives.1.Idliketovolunteer_2._2.At12:00a.m.,Icalledmyfriend_.3.ImverybusybutIcouldhelp_4.Summervacationiscoming,andIwant_5.Iwanttotravelalone.Myparentstoldme(not)_.atthefoodbanktohelpthepoorpeople.toplaybasketballattheplayground.tolookaftermylittlesister.togotobeachwithmyfriends.nottoeatunhealthyfood.1)Idlike_homelesspeople.2)Shedecided_foravolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.3)Youcouldaskhospitals_youvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.4)Mariobelievesitcanhelphim_hisfuturedreamjob.5)Shevolunteersthereonceaweek_kidslearn_.6)Immakingsomesigns_aroundtheschool.Fill in the blanks.tohelptotryouttolettogettohelptoreadtoputup1.Iwant_(become)apolicemanoneday.2.Hewantsthestudents_(eat)well.3.Theteachermadehisstudents_(come)intothemeetingroomontime.4.Theboywasfree_(go)whereheliked.5.Nobodytellshimwhat_(do)next.根据提示完成下列句子。根据提示完成下列句子。tobecometoeatcometogotodo根据汉语提示补全句子。根据汉语提示补全句子。1.你愿意帮忙打扫城市公园吗？你愿意帮忙打扫城市公园吗？Wouldyoulike_thecityparks?2.莉莉，你能帮我洗碗吗？莉莉，你能帮我洗碗吗？Couldyoupleasehelpme_thedishes,Lily?3.简没有想出解决这道数学题的好方法。简没有想出解决这道数学题的好方法。Janedidnt_agoodway_thismathproblem.tohelpcleanuptowashcomeupwithtoworkout4.他们正计划去拉萨旅行。他们正计划去拉萨旅行。Theyre_atriptoLassa.5.我们应该努力学习，将来为我们的祖我们应该努力学习，将来为我们的祖国做重大的贡献。国做重大的贡献。Weshouldstudyhard_amajorcommitmentforourcountryinthefuture.planningtotaketomake根据汉语提示完成下列句子。根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1.Wemustfindaperson_(做这项工作做这项工作)2.2.Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstone_(起床起床).3.Doyouhave_(什么问题要问什么问题要问)？4.Pleasetellme_(怎样念这个词怎样念这个词).todotheworktogetupanyquestionstoaskhowtosaythisword5.Ihaventdecided_(买买哪一件衬衫哪一件衬衫)6.Thequestionis_(走哪走哪一条路一条路).7.Shedidntknow_(说什么说什么)？8.I_(看见他上楼看见他上楼)amomentago.whichshirttobuywhichwaytogowhattosaysawhimgoupstairs1.Ialwaystellmystudents_ontheroadbecauseitsreallydangerous.2.2013广东广州广东广州A.nottoplayB.toplaynotC.notplayingD.notplay2.IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?-Ihaventdecidedwhere_.2013山东济宁山东济宁A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo3.Ididnthearyoucomeinjustnow.-Thatsgood.Wetried_anynoise,foryouweresleeping.2013广东广东A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.tomakeD.making4.Lucyisshy.Shewouldnotinviteherclassmates_dancingwithher.2013江西江西A.practiceB.practicesC.practicingD.topracticeChoose the best answer.()1.Wouldyoupleasedrivefaster?Myflightis_.A.takingoffB.gettingoffC.turningoffD.puttingoff()2.-Howistheplaygoing?-Wearegoingto_tomorrow.A.putonitB.putitoffC.putitonD.putoffit()3.Wehaveto_ourthingsifwetravelonatrainorabus.A.lookatB.lookupC.looklikeD.lookafterABD()4.Ifyou_anewidea,pleasecallmeassoonaspossible.A.keepupwithB.catchupwithC.feedupwithD.comeupwith()5.Please_theboxcarefully.Itisfilledwithglasses.A.putdownB.putonC.putoffD.puttogether()6.-_!Theresacarcoming!-Oh.Thanks.A.LookoverB.LookupC.LookonD.LookoutDAD()7.Itsverycoldtoday.Youdbetterput_yourcoatwhenyougoout.A.awayB.downC.onD.up()8.Lucy,couldyoupleasehelpme_themapontheblackboard?A.putintoB.putupC.putoutD.puton()9.“Getaladder,please.Icant_.”Jimsaidinatalltree.A.comebackB.comeoutC.comedownD.comeoverC B C()10.Icantseethewordsclearly.CanI_thelight?A.turnonB.putoffC.holdonD.takeoff()11.Assoonasthemanwalkedintothewarmroom,he_hisheavycoatandsatdown.A.tookawayB.tookdownC.tookoffD.tookup()12.Wouldyoumind_mypetdogwhileImaway?A.settingupB.lookingafterC.turningdownD.keepingoutACB()13.-Mum,Imoffered8,000Yuanamonthofthejob.-Really?Itjustsounds_tobetrue.A.sowellB.toogoodC.goodenoughD.toowell()14.Whenhe_home,hesawhismothercleaningtheroom.A.gotupB.gotbackC.gotoffD.goton()15.Fatherissleeping.Youdbetter_quiet.A.tokeepB.keepC.keepingD.kept B BB HomeworkRevisethestructureslearnedinthissectionandtrytomakedialogueswiththem.
