中考英语语法非谓语动词.ppt

12非谓语动词非谓语动词什么是非谓语动词什么是非谓语动词特殊动词的搭配特殊动词的搭配动词不定式与介词动词不定式与介词to词组总结词组总结现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词34 非谓语动词非谓语动词:在句中不单独作谓语的动词叫非在句中不单独作谓语的动词叫非谓语动词谓语动词。例例:He likes to read the novel.:He likes to read the novel.例：例：He enjoyed traveling around world.He enjoyed traveling around world.例：例：John made Tom go with him.John made Tom go with him.解析：解析：英语的单句中，可能有两个动词，动词英语的单句中，可能有两个动词，动词2 2根据根据动词动词1 1的而变化。而我们看到的动词的而变化。而我们看到的动词2 2，及，及(to(to do,doing,donedo,doing,done等形式，就是非谓语动词）等形式，就是非谓语动词）5单句中的动词1与动词2，动词1是谓语，有各种时态、语态、语气的变化动词2根据动词1而变化例:He wanted to do thatI am enjoying seeing the filmLet us go!6非谓语动词的种类非谓语动词的种类1.不定式 to do 有还没有做的含义.2.动名词doing 表示抽象的名词意义3.现在分词doing 表示主动或进行的意义.4.过去分词done 表示被动或完成的意义.789v.to doV ving只加不带toto do,doing意思相同意思相同绝大部分动词是此形式详见第9篇Let/make sb dobegin/start/like to do,doing意思不同意思不同do或doing详见10-17篇see,watch,observe,notice等等详见18篇10只加ving的词Avoid避免;consider考虑;delay拖延;deny否认;dislike不喜欢;enjoy欣赏;excuse原谅;fancy幻想;forgive原谅;finish完成;imagine设想;keep保持;mind介意;pardon原谅;prevent阻止;practise练习;resist坚持;risk冒险;suggest建议;understand理解-11动名词与不定式语义不同动名词与不定式语义不同1.stop to do 2.forget to do3.remember to do 4.regret to do5.cease to do 6.try to do7.go on to do8.Be afraid to do 9.mean to do1.stop doing 2.forget doing3.remember doing 4.regret doing5.cease doing 6.try doing7.go on doing8.Be afraid doing 9.mean doing121)stop doing/to do stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，他们停下来，抽了根烟。抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。我必须戒烟了。典型例题典型例题 She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have restedB.resting C.to restD.rest答案：答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stop to do sth.停下来停下来去做另一件事去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。不正确。13 2)forget doing/to doforget to do忘记要去做某事忘记要去做某事。(未做未做)forget doing忘记做过某事。忘记做过某事。(已做已做)The light in the office is stil on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动没有做关灯的动作作)He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作已做过关灯的动作)典型例题典型例题-The light in the office is still on.-Oh，I forgot_.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off答案：答案：C。由。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。符合题意。14 3)remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事记得去做某事(未做未做)remember doing记得做过某事记得做过某事(已做已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗你不记得以前见过那个人吗?15 4)regret doing/to do regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。对要做的事遗憾。(未做未做)regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做已做)I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。典型例题典型例题-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done答案：答案：D。regret having done sth.对已发生的事感到对已发生的事感到遗憾。遗憾。regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。165)cease doing/to do cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。长时间，甚至永远停做某事。cease doing 短时短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。停止做某事，以后还会接着做。That department has ceased to exist forever.那个部门已不复存在。那个部门已不复存在。The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。6)try doing/to do try to do努力，企图做某事努力，企图做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。试验，试着做某事。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我试着种果木我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。花卉，但未成功。177)go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。继续做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。做完数学后，他接着去做物理。8)be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为意为怕怕；be afraid of doing担心出现担心出现doing的状况、结果。的状况、结果。doing 是是客观上造成的，意为客观上造成的，意为“生怕，恐怕生怕，恐怕”。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。草丛中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。她生怕吵醒她丈夫。189)mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想打算、想mean doing意味着意味着I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。赠加工资意味着增加购买力。19感官动词感官动词+doing/to do 感官动词感官动词 see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel+do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调强调我看见了我看见了这个事实这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调（强调我见他正干活我见他正干活这个动作）这个动作）典型例题典型例题1）They knew her very well.They had seen her _ up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow 答案：答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正而非正 在长的动作，因此用在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。的句型。2）The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A.playing B.to be playingC.playD.to play答案答案A.本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb.doing sth句型。句型。2021动词动词+to do动词动词+疑问词疑问词+to do 动词动词+it(形式宾语）形式宾语）+宾补宾补+to do常见动词有常见动词有 agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,want,plan，learn,would like,cant wait(迫迫不及待不及待)cant afford（负担不起）（负担不起）等等I dont know what to do.Can you tell me how to get there?I cant decide which to choose.I find it important to learn English.I think it necessary to drink the water.用法用法：作宾语作宾语22一些省略一些省略to的句型的句型（1）Why not+动词原形动词原形（2）Why dont you+动词原形动词原形（3）Youd better+动词原形动词原形（4）Youd better not+动词原形动词原形（5)Will you please+动词原形动词原形（6）Will you please not+动词原形动词原形（7）sb do nothing but（只是，只不过）（只是，只不过）例例:They didn nothing but complain 23常见固定搭配常见固定搭配1.too to doThe desk is too heavy to carry.2.be+adj+enough to doThe room is big enough for 10 people to live in.3.Its time to do sth 或Its time for sb to do sth.Its time to have a rest.4.It takes sb some time to do sth.It takes me three days to finish the job.5.be+adj（glad .sorry .sure.happy.afraid等表情感的形容词后）+to do sth.(1)Im sorry to trouble you.24 介词介词+doing look forward to doing sth.（盼望）（盼望）pay attention to doing sth.（注意）（注意）be used to doing sth.（习惯于）（习惯于）prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢）（更喜欢）devote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于）make a contribution to doing（做贡献）（做贡献）2526分词分为分词分为现在分词现在分词和和过去分词过去分词。分分 词词4区别：区别：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：如：The man standing by the windows is our teacher.站在门边的人是我们的老师。站在门边的人是我们的老师。The house built last year has become our lab.去年建的房子已成了我们的实验室。去年建的房子已成了我们的实验室。127现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示完成现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。的动作。如：如：falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶正在飘落的树叶fallen leaves 落叶（已落下）落叶（已落下）developing country 发展中国家发展中国家developed country 发达国家发达国家28 .用括号中动词的适当形式填空用括号中动词的适当形式填空 _(fish)is my favourite sport.I often _(fish)for hours without _(catch)anything.But this doesnt worry me.Some of the fishermen_ (be)unlucky.Instead of _(catch)fish,they catch old shoes.I am even less lucky.I never catch anything not even old shoes.After_(spend)whole mornings on the river,I always go home with an empty bag,“You must give up_(fish)!”My friends say.“Its a waste of time.”But they dont know one important thing.Im not really interested in _(fish).Im only interested in _(sit)in a boat and_(do)nothing at all.课时训练课时训练 Fishing fish catching are catching spending fishing fishing sitting doing 29