高中英语必修四第一单元语法.ppt

1.achievement(c.n.)He is proud of his achievements.他对自己的成就感到自豪。他对自己的成就感到自豪。make an achievement 取得成就取得成就achieve(vt.)后接后接n.做宾语做宾语 He achieved great success.他取得了巨大的成就。他取得了巨大的成就。You will never achieve your aim unless you work harder.除非你更努力的工作，否则你不会实现你的目除非你更努力的工作，否则你不会实现你的目标。标。2.condition “条件条件”(c.n.)There is a condition for peace talk.身体健康是获得成功的条件之一。身体健康是获得成功的条件之一。Heath is one of the most important conditions of achieving success.“状况，状态状况，状态”(u.n.)be in good/poor/excellent condition 处于某种状态中处于某种状态中 She is often in top condition.I have had no exercise for ages;Im really out of condition.on condition(that)在在条件下，倘若条件下，倘若你要穿上大衣才可以出去你要穿上大衣才可以出去。You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.on no condition 一点也不，决不一点也不，决不你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。You must on no condition tell him what happened.3.connection-connect connect A with B 把把A与与B联系起来联系起来The two towns are connected by a railway.connection between A and B肺癌和抽烟之间有关系吗？肺癌和抽烟之间有关系吗？Is there a connection between smoking and lung cancer.connection with/to sth.与与有关有关/联系联系他的失败和他的态度无关。他的失败和他的态度无关。His failure has no connection with his attitude.His failure is not in connection with his attitude.His failure isnt connected with his attitude.4.campaign:政治、商业性运动政治、商业性运动 战役战役n.&v.She spent her life campaigning _ womens right.He successfully led a campaign _ nuclear weapons.a campaign for/against campaign for/against 争取争取/反对反对的活动的活动参加争取参加争取/反对反对的活动的活动foragainstcarry out/start/run a campaign be on campaign 5.behave-behaviour(1)行为；举止行为；举止她表现出了很大的勇气她表现出了很大的勇气 She behaved with great courage.他对顾客的态度不好他对顾客的态度不好 He _to the customers.behaved badlyBehave yourself(yourselves).你应该学会举止得体你应该学会举止得体 You should _.learn to behave.Such a behavior can cause serious trouble.如此的行为可能招致严重的麻烦。英文不用英文不用 have+behavior，而是用，而是用behave+adv 或者或者 behavior+be+adj 的方式来表达对行的方式来表达对行为的描述为的描述Sometimes Julian behaves very strangely.Sometimes Julians behavior is very strange.well-behaved children有礼貌的孩子有礼貌的孩子 警告；提醒；告诫(常与of,against连用)She warned me of the danger,so I did it carefully.她提醒我提防危险，因此我小心翼翼。They warned me against swimming in the polluted river.他们警告我不要在这条河里游泳。事先通知(常与that连用)They called and warned me that they might be delayed.他们打来电话，预先告诉我他们可能耽搁一会儿。6.warnwarn sb.of sthwarn sb.against sth/doing sth7.worthwhile（可作定语和表语）（可作定语和表语）a worthwhile experiment job.The experiment is worthwhile.It is worthwhile to do sth/doing sthTo do sth./Doing sth.is worthwhile It is worthwhile to do the job.It is worthwhile doing the job.注意：这个单词除了用于名词前均可写注意：这个单词除了用于名词前均可写worth while。如：。如：Did you feel the meeting was worth while?你觉得这次会议值得吗？你觉得这次会议值得吗？这是一次很有价值的访问。It was a worth while visit.It was a worthwhile visit.那座寺庙值得一看。The temple is worthwhile visiting.It is worth while visiting the temple.FTFTworth 只能作表语+n./doing sthThis second-hand car is worth$2000 at the most.The exhibition is worth a visit/visiting.worthy 作表语，也可作定语。作定语时意思为“有价值的”、“值得尊敬的”作表语时意思为“值得的”、“应得到的”+of sth/bing done or+to be oneThe place is worthy to be visited forever.=The place is worth visiting forever.He said he was not worthy to accept such honour.The school has educated many worthy young people.=The place is worthy of being visited forever.=The place is worthy of a visit.=It is worth while visiting/to visit the place.8.observe +n./pron.sb.doing/do sth that cl.She likes to observe stars.He observed her come across the street.She was observed to come across the street.We observed the students entering the hall.He observed that it had turned cloudy.observe a rule 遵守遵守规则规则observe a persons birthday 庆祝庆祝某人的生日某人的生日9.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project1).Only when teacher left the classroom did the students begin to talk.2).Only then did he realize his mistakes.3).Only because he was ill was he absent from school4).Only in this way can we solve the problem.only+状语状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句等副词、介词短语或状语从句等)放在句首时，须用倒装。放在句首时，须用倒装。直到那时，他才被叫进来。直到那时，他才被叫进来。Only then _(he was asked)to come in.直到老师来了，他们才停止说话。直到老师来了，他们才停止说话。Only the teacher came _(they stopped)talking.was he askeddid they stop Only the teachers are allowed to use this laboratory.Only five men were hurt in the accident.only放在句首强调主语放在句首强调主语,语序不必倒装语序不必倒装12.respect(1)n.尊敬；敬重尊敬；敬重 Lose/have/show respect for sb./sth.对对的的敬意敬意Students should show respect for their teachers.The new officer soon won the respect of his men.(2)v.尊敬，敬重尊敬，敬重 respect sb./sth.forI respect you for your honesty.respect oneself 自尊；自重自尊；自重If you dont respect yourself,how can you expect others to respect you.gain/win broad respectself-respect n.with respect to=as for11.argue-argument(1)argue with sb.about/over sth.和某人争吵某事和某人争吵某事We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.(2)argue for 为为而辩论而辩论 argue against 为反对为反对而辩论而辩论工人们为争取罢工的权力而辩论。工人们为争取罢工的权力而辩论。The workers _.一些人为反对自由贸易辩论。一些人为反对自由贸易辩论。Some people _.argued for the right to strikeargue against free trade12.inspire vt.鼓舞，使产生，启发鼓舞，使产生，启发-inspiration(1)鼓励，激励鼓励，激励(=encourage)sb.to(do)sth 他鼓励我努力学习。He inspired me to work hard.(2)注入，激起，使产生注入，激起，使产生sth.in/into sb.或或sb.with sth.He inspires self-confidence in/into his students.他使学生产生了自信。He inspires his students with self-confidence.intendfor是为某人而准备的，打算使某是为某人而准备的，打算使某人成为人成为那些花是准备送给你的。The flowers were intended for you.He was intended for a teacher.intend to dotake into considerationin consideration of=refer to sth.It is considerate of you