新加坡历史保护规划指引Cons Guidelines.pdf
GUIDELINESCONSERVATIONDEC 2011 CONTENTS 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Conservation Principles 1.3 Adaptive Reuse of Shophouses 1.4 Understanding the Shophouse 1.5 Understanding the Bungalow 2.1 Historic Districts 2.2 Residential Historic Districts 2.3 Secondary Settlements 2.4 Bungalows 3.1 Historic Districts and Residential Historic Districts 3.2 Secondary Settlements IA Incompatible Uses IB Location of Core Areas II Conservation Area Plans PART 2:PLANNING PARAMETERS AND RESTORATION GUIDELINES PART 3:ENVELOPE CONTROL GUIDELINES PART 4:SIGNAGE GUIDELINES PART 5:APPENDICES PART 1:OVERVIEW PREFACE DEC 2011 PREFACE The Urban Redevelopment Authority(URA)is the national planning and conservation authority for Singapore.Its active involvement in conservation started as early as the 1970s with the rehabilitation of some state-owned properties for adaptive reuse.Since then,a variety of buildings from shophouses to institutions and bungalows to local landmarks have been conserved to retain the different memories of Singaporeans from all walks of life.Buildings from different periods of Singapores history from the days when we were a migrant settlement to our post independence years are also conserved to capture the depth of Singapores history and roots.Conservation of our built heritage is an integral part of urban planning and development in Singapore.The restoration of our historic areas adds variety to our streetscapes and modulates the scale of our urban fabric,creating the visual contrast and excitement within the city while protecting the important reminders and representations of our past.In addition,it adds to the distinctive character and identity of our city,giving it a sense of history and memory of place.As part of URAs on-going efforts to facilitate the conservation of our built heritage,a set of conservation guidelines has been put in place to inform and guide the public on restoration works.A comprehensive review of the conservation guidelines is carried out regularly in consultation with professional bodies and interest groups.The latest edition is dated December 2011.DEC 2011 ABOUT THE CONSERVATION GUIDELINES This document provides the conservation principles,planning parameters and restoration guidelines for conserved shop house and bungalow building typologies,as well as planning parameters and envelope control guidelines for new buildings within conservation areas.Owners,architects and engineers intending to carry out restoration works or development within conservation areas are required to comply with the guidelines accordingly.For other building types,which do not conform to the standard shop house or bungalow typology,these will be evaluated on a case by case basis in accordance with conservation principles1.This document is to be read in conjunction with the Specific Facade Restoration Guidelines for the subject building,available on-line through URAs website at http:/spring.ura.gov.sg/cudd/facade/overview.cfm.For enquiries on the conservation guidelines,please call the Conservation Hotline at 63293355 or email ura_consura.gov.sg.These publications are recommended as important references:OBJECTIVES,PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS FOR PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION(1993)PUBLICATIONS ON CHINATOWN,KAMPONG GLAM AND LITTLE INDIA HISTORIC DISTRICTS(1995)CONSERVATION TECHNICAL LEAFLETS(1993)TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENTS TO CONSERVATION GUIDELINES(1998)-Understanding the Roofs-Understanding the Doors,Windows&Vents-Understanding the Timber Floors&Staircases-Understanding the Ornamental Plasterworks-Understanding the First Storey:Five-foot Way&Front Facades-Understanding the Party Walls-Understanding the Mechanical&Electrical Services VCD ON“RESTORING THE SINGAPORE SHOPHOUSE”(1990)ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE SINGAPORE(2004)CONSERVING THE PAST,CREATING THE FUTURE:URBAN HERITAGE IN SINGAPORE(2011)To view or purchase these publications,please click here.1 The conservation guidelines for shop houses and bungalows will generally be applied by URA in the consideration of a development application.However,if the circumstances or planning considerations relevant to a case warrant it,URA may in its discretion decide to depart from these general guidelines.The guidelines,principles and illustrations found in the guidelines are not exhaustive in covering all possible site conditions and variations in building type.Persons intending to carry out a development are advised to take this into consideration and check with URA through enquiries or development applications to confirm if their proposals can be allowed.P PA AR RT T 1 1 PLANNING PARAMETERS AND RESTORATION GUIDELINES OVERVIEW DEC 2011 1 INTRODUCTION Historic buildings provide a valuable link to Singapores heritage and conserving them is an important part of Singapore urban planning.So far,over 7,000 buildings have been gazetted for conservation.They are located mainly in the city centre and around its fringes,and comprise largely shophouses and bungalows.CONSERVATION AREAS AND GUIDELINES The majority of conservation areas in Singapore fall into four distinct categories,and the conservation guidelines vary for each of these categories.See Key Conservation Area Map.The four main categories are as follows:Historic Districts The Historic Districts,which include Boat Quay,Chinatown,Kampong Glam and Little India,are among the citys oldest areas.Most of the buildings in these areas are still intact,and the entire building has to be retained and restored.Residential Historic Districts The Residential Historic Districts at Blair Plain,Cairnhill and Emerald Hill are residential areas which developed close to the city centre.A new rear extension lower than the main roof can be built for greater flexibility in adapting the building for modern living.Secondary Settlements The Secondary Settlements such as Geylang and Joo Chiat are areas which developed later when people started to move out of the crowded city to live at the fringe.These are typically areas where there are already many new developments so emphasis is placed on retention of the streetscape.In these areas,a new rear extension up to the maximum height allowed for the area can be built.Bungalows The bungalows are detached buildings which come in a variety of architectural styles and are predominantly for residential use.For bungalows,only the main house needs to be kept.The outhouse can be demolished to make way for new extensions to the main house.Large sites can be subdivided for additional new developments.For a site where flat or condominium housing development can be built,the bungalow can be used for residential purpose or as a clubhouse to serve the development.PART 1:OVERVIEW P PA AR RT T 1 1 PLANNING PARAMETERS AND RESTORATION GUIDELINES OVERVIEW DEC 2011 FACILITATING RESTORATION EFFORTS The Government provides various forms of assistance to encourage private owners to restore their buildings.They include:waiver of development charge and car park deficiency charge,where applicable;and waiver of the need to provide car park lots where applicable.Technical guidelines and standards are also drawn up to guide owners and professionals in restoring their buildings.Publications on conservation are produced to assist private owners to better understand the conservation principles and guidelines.In addition,the government builds infrastructure and utilities to improve the environment of the conservation areas.Examples of these include pedestrian malls at Boat Quay to allow spillover of activities from the conserved buildings to liven up the areas.2 CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES Singapores architectural history is the story of skilled craftsmen and architects who have invested in quality places for work and play.Old and new skills,past knowledge and current technologies all combine to bring the past back to productive life.Quality restoration is more than just preserving a facade or the external shell of a building.It retains the inherent spirit and original ambience of historic buildings.It requires an appreciation and understanding of the architecture and structure of historic buildings,good practice and management.2.1 THE“3R”PRINCIPLE The fundamental principle of conservation applicable to all conserved buildings,irrespective of scale and complexity,is maximum Retention,sensitive Restoration and careful Repair-the“3R”s.Selective replacement should be considered only when absolutely necessary.Total reconstruction goes against accepted international conservation practices.Conserved buildings are to be restored in accordance with the conservation guidelines.All original structural and architectural elements are to be retained and restored.In the event that such elements have to be repaired or replaced,their features are to be retained.When upgrading and adapting a building to new uses,the existing structure is to be retained by strengthening and repairing the structural elements.Any alteration or strengthening to structural elements is to be done in the most sympathetic and unobtrusive way,using original methods and materials wherever possible.Before any conservation work commences,a thorough research and documentation is to be carried out on the conserved building to ensure that P PA AR RT T 1 1 PLANNING PARAMETERS AND RESTORATION GUIDELINES OVERVIEW DEC 2011 restoration work is faithfully carried out.At every stage of the conservation work,the technical aspects and process of the various activities are to be documented.2.2 APPLICATION TO THE VARIOUS CONSERVATION AREAS In the Singapore context,conservation guidelines are applied in different degrees to the different groups of conservation areas taking into consideration their historical significance,the context of the surrounding developments and the long-term planning intention for each area.The extent of the building to be conserved and the degree of adaptation allowed are shown in Figure1.The four main groups of conservation areas are:*The Historic Districts of Boat Quay,Chinatown,Kampong Glam and Little India;*The Residential Historic Districts of Blair Plain,Cairnhill and Emerald Hill;*The Secondary Settlements of Balestier,Beach Road,Geylang,Jalan Besar,Jalan Jurong Kechil,Joo Chiat,Mount Sophia,River Valley,Tanjong Katong,Upper Circular Road and Tiong Bahru;and*The Bungalow Areas of the Good Class Bungalow Areas and Fringe(Chatsworth Park Conservation Area,Holland Park/Ridout Road Conservation Area and Nassim Road/Whitehouse Park Conservation Area)and the Mountbatten Road Conservation Area.2.2.1 In the Historic Districts,the entire building is to be conserved.Change of use to commercial or residential use is permitted in these historic districts.The strictest form of conservation is practised in these districts.2.2.2 The Residential Historic Districts are smaller areas mainly for residential use.In view of the restriction in building uses,an extension at the rear lower than the main roof is permitted to make the terrace houses more attractive and liveable to suit the needs of the individual owners.2.2.3 Conservation within the Secondary Settlements is on a streetscape basis as the conserved buildings are adjacent to new developments.In these areas,the owners may choose to conserve the entire building or have a new rear extension up to the maximum height allowable for the area.2.2.4 Conservation of bungalows is on a highly selective basis.They represent the architectural styles of different eras.For conserved bungalows located within a site which is allowed for flat or condominium development,the bungalow may be strata-subdivided into apartment units or converted to a clubhouse.In these areas,the owner may choose to conserve the entire building,including the outhouse,or just the main building to suit his needs and to optimise the use of land.P PA AR RT T 1 1 PLANNING PARAMETERS AND RESTORATION GUIDELINES OVERVIEW DEC 2011 3 ADAPTIVE REUSE OF SHOPHOUSES Traditionally,shophouses are designed to provide for business premises on the ground floor and residential accommodation on the upper storeys;terrace houses and bungalows are designed purely for residential use.Structurally speaking,the original use is always the best use for a conserved building.However,old buildings may often have to be restored and upgraded to meet modern living needs or to accommodate new uses.In restoring and adapting a conserved building to new uses,it is important to adhere to the conservation principle in order to retain the intrinsic character and historical value of the building.Alterations or strengthening of the building structure is to be done in the most sympathetic and unobtrusive way,using the original methods and materials wherever possible.The restoration and adaptation of conserved buildings to new uses require an understanding of the behaviour of traditional buildings,traditional building construction methods,and how the buildings hold themselves together by the intricate interaction of the various elements.4 UNDERSTANDING THE SHOPHOUSE 4.1 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE SHOPHOUSE The conservation guidelines for shophouses and terrace houses relate to the key elements of the typology of the building.Constructed between 1840 and 1960,these simple buildings are two-to three-storeys high,built in contiguous blocks with common party walls.The design and material of the shophouses and terrace houses vary according to the architectural style of the building.Singapore shophouses fall into six styles.They are the Early Shophousethe First Transitional ShophouseIn conserving a shophouse,the key elements to be respected are(See Figure 2 and Figure 3):(a)Roofs Roofs are pitched and finished with overlapping V-profile or flat natural colour unglazed clay tiles,laid on timber battens and bonded with mortar.Where the tiles end at the edge of the front and rear shophouse roofs,they are often covered with a timber fascia complete with galvanised iron gutters and downpipes.Roofs are waterproofed using bituminous asphalt,galvanised iron flashing and copings.(b)Party Walls Party walls are principal load-bearing walls which demarcate one shophouse from its neighbour.The party walls normally protrude the Late Shophouse,the Second Transitional Shophouse,the Art Deco Shophouse and the Modern Shophouse.,P PA AR RT T 1 1 PLANNING PARAMETERS AND RESTORATION GUIDELINES OVERVIEW DEC 2011 approximately 30cm above the roof of the shophouse and break the continuous length of the shophouses into individual lots.Party walls are constructed of bricks laid out in continuous stretcher bond courses.The internal surfaces of the party walls are usually unpierced and unadorned.To ensure structural stability,the base of the party wall is thickened to transfer the dead-load to the base of the foundation.(c)Timber Structural Members The timber structural members include the main timber beams,the secondary timber beams,the timber floor boards and the timber rafters.The main timber beams are key horizontal structural members that run parallel to the facade,spanni
