中考英语情态动词讲解与练习课件.ppt

中考专题复习有一定的词义，但词意不完整有一定的词义，但词意不完整,不不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词连用连用,表说话人对某一动作或状态表说话人对某一动作或状态的态度和看法。情态动词后面跟的态度和看法。情态动词后面跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。表示否定时在情态动词后加表示否定时在情态动词后加not(have to除外除外),表示疑问时将情态表示疑问时将情态动词提至主语前即可动词提至主语前即可 情态动词情态动词否定式否定式否定式简略形式否定式简略形式CanCouldMaymightMustShallShouldWillwouldCannot/can not CouldMay notMight notMust notShall notShould notWillwouldCantCouldntMayntMustntShantShouldtcan could的用法：的用法：1.Ability(能力能力)Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds.can/could:1.can 一般表示与生俱来的能力或一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性，者一种客观可能性，could表示过表示过去的能力。去的能力。Learning English _ be difficult.canMan can not live without air.Lingling could play the piano at theAge of six.2.Can 表示请求和允许表示请求和允许。Can I.?意意思是思是“我可以我可以吗？吗？”较口语化较口语化._ Can I use your bike?Yes,you can.No,you cantmay not.can/could:2.在疑问句中，用在疑问句中，用could可表示请求，语气较委婉。肯可表示请求，语气较委婉。肯定回答时定回答时,常用原形常用原形can或者或者may,不可再用过去式不可再用过去式could。_I watch TV now?Yes,you _./No,you _CouldHe asks if he _ smoke here.couldcan/maycant/Im afraid notcan/could:3.表示推测表示推测(只能用在否定句或疑问句中。只能用在否定句或疑问句中。)Its so late.Can Tom be reading?He cant be in the office now,for the light is off 1)can和和could例例 句句1)My mother can use the computer now.2)She can swim fast,but I cant.3)Can I play football now,Mum?4)You can use my dictionary.5)Can the news be true?6)He cant have gone there alone.用法用法can表能力表能力表请求、表请求、允许允许表推测表推测(否、疑否、疑)could1)He could write poems when he was ten.2)She couldnt understand me at that time 3)Could I ask you a question?表过去表过去能力能力表委婉表委婉请求请求summary小结can和和be able to表示能力时用法相同。表示能力时用法相同。can只有现在和过去时，而只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的则有更多的时态形式。表经过努力时态形式。表经过努力,成功地完成某事，通成功地完成某事，通常不用常不用can,而用而用be able to(相当于相当于manage to/succeed in doing sth)。The wounded man _get to the village and was saved in the end.A.could B.was able tocan/could,be able to区区别别can/be able to区别区别:1.A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday.Luckily,everyone _ run out of the building.was able to2.She _ speak both English and French.canIm so tired!I have to do the training for at least 10 hours a day!must的用法的用法1.表示义务表示义务yet he must work hard to win the gold medal.Although Liu Xiang is so gifted(天赋的）天赋的）in hurdle raceMust 指说话人认为“主观”上应尽的义务 have to:指根据约定,指说话人认为做某事有“客观”必要 The train leaves at 7 oclock.I (must/have to)go now I dont like my watch.I _(must/have to)buy a new one.2.must 表示肯定的猜测，译为表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定一定”，不，不能用于否定句或疑问句。能用于否定句或疑问句。This must be your pen.He must be doing his homework now.He must have arrived already.musthave to表客观上的需要表客观上的需要,可用于现在时、将来时和过可用于现在时、将来时和过去时。去时。Must表个人意志和主观上的需要，用于现在表个人意志和主观上的需要，用于现在时和将来时时和将来时;表规章制度表规章制度Must为必须为必须,mustnt为禁止为禁止,回答回答must问句问句,肯定用肯定用must,否定用否定用neednt或或dont/doesnt have to表不必表不必;must还表示肯定的推测。还表示肯定的推测。用用Must,have to填空填空1.I know I _ study hard.2.My mother is ill.I _ look after her at home.Must,have to区别区别 musthave tomust/have tomust例句例句用法用法1)You must stay here until I come back.2)Must I hand in my homework right now?No,you neednt./dont have to.Yes,you must.3)The light is on,so he must be at home now.表主观表主观看法看法肯定句肯定句表推测表推测have to1)Its too late,I have to leave now.2)You wont have to wait for me.表客观表客观需要需要Summary小结Shi Dongpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games.Although the chance of winning a medal is small,Ill try my best!3maymight的用法：表示可能性的用法：表示可能性may常常用于肯定句用于肯定句中。中。might是是may的过去式，的过去式，表可能性小。表可能性小。very uncertainalmost certainmightmustmay could1.He _ be at home.2.He _ be at home,for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago.A.may B.might C.must A.may B.might C.must (can)can,may/might,must表推测表推测Can用于否定句和疑问句用于否定句和疑问句,用来表示有把握的否定，用来表示有把握的否定，相当于相当于be impossible;may/might 相当于相当于be not certain,用于肯定句用于肯定句,might可能性低于可能性低于may;must相当于相当于be certain,表有把握的揣测表有把握的揣测。用用can,may/might,must填空填空1.Please ask that man.He _ know that.2.The light is on,so he _ be at home.3.It _ be Wei Fang.She is at school now.4.Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure.I_go to the concert instead.maymustcantmightThey_ be doing the experiment in the lab.Why？Because the lights are still burning.A.could B.can C.must D.would 2May、minght表示表示 允允许许或请求或请求May I eat KFC if I win the gold medal?may/might:1.表示许可。表示请求、允许时，表示许可。表示请求、允许时，might比比may的语气更委婉一些。的语气更委婉一些。Might/May I use your computer?Yes,you can./No,you cant/mustnt.may/might:2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。用于祈使句中表示祝愿。3.表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，疑问句则要用疑问句则要用can或或could）。）。祝你成功！祝你成功！May you succeed.He may be very busy now.May you be happy all your life.may与与mightmay 例例 句句1)May I borrow your mobilephone?Yes,you may.No,you mustnt./No,you cant.2)It may rain tomorrow.She may be at home.用法用法表请求表请求许可许可肯定句肯定句表推测表推测might1)He is away from school.He might be sick.表推测表推测可能小可能小Lets summary小结Shall的用法的用法1、表示提出建议、表示提出建议Shall we do the training in the morning?Its too hot to take exercise in the afternoon.shall:Shall用于第一称疑问句中，表示用于第一称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助请示或提供帮助。1.Shall we begin our lesson?2.Shall I carry this bag for you?Should 表示提出意见表示提出意见You should not eat so much before running.How delicious!should:.Should表示劝告、建议。表示劝告、建议。Should I open the window?我们应当要相互学习。我们应当要相互学习。We should learn from each other.shall和和shouldShall例例 句句1)Shall we go out for a walk?2)What shall we drink?用法用法征求对征求对方意见方意见should1)We should protect our environment.2)You should do it better next time.劝告劝告建议建议义务义务责任责任用用shallshould填空。填空。1.When_we meet?2.You_see a doctor.shallshouldlets summarywill/would的用法的用法:1.表示意志、愿望和决心。表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again.will/would:I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you will offer me lunch.Question:Is this sentence correct?Why?情态动词情态动词表示表示“意愿意愿”will/would:2.表示请求、建议等，表示请求、建议等，would比比will委婉客气。委婉客气。sentence pattern Would you pleaseWould you mindWould ratherWould you like Would you like to do sth?Yes,Id like/love to.Sorry,I have to do sth.I cant.Would you like sth?Yes,please./All right./Ok.No,thanks.Would句型巧回答句型巧回答日常生活中常用日常生活中常用would问句问句,向对方礼貌地提出建向对方礼貌地提出建议或邀请议或邀请,我们尤其要注意口语交际中它的回答。我们尤其要注意口语交际中它的回答。will/wouldwill1)I will help you if I am free this afternoon.例句例句用法用法意愿意愿意意志志打算打算would1)I told him that I would go along with him.2)Would you please not smoke here?3)When I was a child,I would go swim-Ming with other children in summer.4)I would have two wings and then fly to the moon.主观愿意主观愿意征求意见征求意见过去习惯过去习惯未来想象未来想象 lets summary 小结 9.need1)Need作情态动词时作情态动词时,表表“必要必要”,多用于否定句或多用于否定句或疑问句疑问句,一般不用于肯定句。回答一般不用于肯定句。回答need问句问句,肯定肯定用用must,否定用否定用neednt。No,you neednt.Need I stay here any longer?Yes,you must.We neednt hurry.2)need作实义动词作实义动词,有人称、数和时态变化有人称、数和时态变化,后多接后多接动词不定式。动词不定式。He needs a new coat.用用Need的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1)He _ money now.2)_ she _ to bring the book here?3)We _ work that day.(not)4)The boy _ any help.(not)needsDoesneedneednt/didnt need todoesnt need 10.had better1)We had better go now.2)You had better not give the book to him.had better建议建议(最好最好做某事做某事)When you are sleeping,you had better_ All your windows closed.(江苏南通江苏南通)A.dont keep B.not keepC.Not to keep D.not keeping注意注意:had better有强硬命令的语气有强硬命令的语气,对长辈不宜使用对长辈不宜使用让我们现学现用吧！It must be a ball.BALLIt may/might be a basketballball.Whats this?1 1）在一定场合下熟练运用不同的情态动词。）在一定场合下熟练运用不同的情态动词。）在一定场合下熟练运用不同的情态动词。）在一定场合下熟练运用不同的情态动词。2 2）识记情态动词的特殊用法。）识记情态动词的特殊用法。）识记情态动词的特殊用法。）识记情态动词的特殊用法。应试应试应试应试高分高分高分高分注意注意注意注意1 1）情态动词一般疑问句的否定回答）情态动词一般疑问句的否定回答）情态动词一般疑问句的否定回答）情态动词一般疑问句的否定回答2 2）情态动词表推测的用法）情态动词表推测的用法）情态动词表推测的用法）情态动词表推测的用法3 3）情态动词表能力）情态动词表能力）情态动词表能力）情态动词表能力/许可许可许可许可/义务的用法义务的用法义务的用法义务的用法 。中考中考中考中考命题命题命题命题特点特点特点特点1.-Dad,must I finish my homework today？-No，you _.you may finish it tomorrow.A.neednt B.mustnt C.dont D.wont2.-May I put my bike here?-No,you _.You should put it over there.A.may not B.mustnt C.neednt解答锦囊解答锦囊掌握情态动词问句的回答：掌握情态动词问句的回答：May I?Yes,may.No,mustnt/cant.Must I?Yes,must.No,neednt/dont have to.1.-Is Mr.Brown driving here？-Im not sure.He_come by train.A.may B.can C.need D.must2.-Whos that boy reading in the garden?Is it David?-It _be David.I saw him in the classroom just now.A.must B.cant C.may D.neednt3.Im sure this book_Li Leis,because there is his name on it.A.cant be B.may be C.might be D.must be解答锦囊解答锦囊掌握推测用法掌握推测用法:肯定可能性由肯定可能性由Mustmaymight逐步递减逐步递减;Cant则用于则用于否定否定句、句、疑问疑问句。句。1.-Lisa,_you speak French？-Yes,but only a little.A.may B.can C.need D.must2.-_I use your mobile phone?-Certainly.Here you are.A.May B.Must C.should D.need3.-Mum,can I go to the movies today?-No,but you_finish your schoolwork first.A.can B.cant C.must D.neednt解答锦囊解答锦囊掌握基本用法掌握基本用法:can表能力表能力,may表许可表许可,must表义务。表义务。1.-Is Lucy knocking at the door?-No.It _be Lucy.She is in Japen.A.neednt B.must C.cant2.-Have you seen my glasses?I_find them.-sorry,I havent seen them.A.cant B.shouldnt C.wont D.mustnt3.When traffic lights are red,we_stop and wait.A.may B.can C.must D.might4.-Must I Wait for here now?-No,you_.You may give it to me tomorrow.A.dont have to B.mustnt C.cant D.shouldnt用用用用法法法法归归归归纳纳纳纳needneedhave tohave toshallshallshouldshouldWillWillwouldwouldcancancould could maymaymustmust能力能力能力能力许可许可许可许可推测，否定推测，否定推测，否定推测，否定与疑问句与疑问句与疑问句与疑问句推测，推测，推测，推测，肯定句肯定句肯定句肯定句许可许可许可许可必定必定必定必定(肯定句肯定句肯定句肯定句)必须必须必须必须 (主观主观主观主观)推测（肯定句）推测（肯定句）推测（肯定句）推测（肯定句）必须（客观）必须（客观）必须（客观）必须（客观）不得不不得不不得不不得不必要（否定、疑问句）必要（否定、疑问句）必要（否定、疑问句）必要（否定、疑问句）建议建议建议建议义务责任义务责任义务责任义务责任主观愿望主观愿望主观愿望主观愿望请求希望请求希望请求希望请求希望Review the usage of modal verbs and finish the exercise paper