2010年高考英语新题型语篇填空解题技巧.ppt

更正更正解题思维习惯解题思维习惯攻克语篇填空语篇填空2010年湖南牛津版高考英年湖南牛津版高考英语语复复习专题习专题3lHe is student.lHe is come from China.lHe by bike to go to school.lAmerica chinese not enough.lThere are many students study in the classroom.lBecause he got up late,so he couldnt catch the bus.lMy hometown happened great changes.Are you familiar with theseAre you familiar with these？语法观念淡薄语法观念淡薄中式英语雷人中式英语雷人上海某餐厅。老外会疯掉吧2010年年湖南湖南高考高考英语英语新题型新题型:语语 法法 填填 空空什么什么是语法填空是语法填空1怎么样做怎么样做语法填空语法填空2如何复习如何复习语法填空语法填空3什么什么是语法填空1 “语法填空语法填空”是是20072007年的广东卷开始的。年的广东卷开始的。语法填空是以短文为载体，语法填空是以短文为载体，考查语法的同时，也考查了考查语法的同时，也考查了考查语法的同时，也考查了考查语法的同时，也考查了考生对语篇的理解。考生对语篇的理解。考生对语篇的理解。考生对语篇的理解。由于考生对单项选择题和完形填空干扰太大（学生得分由于考生对单项选择题和完形填空干扰太大（学生得分率最低的题型），而这种率最低的题型），而这种无选择项无选择项“语法填空语法填空”题由于没题由于没有干扰项反倒有干扰项反倒有利于考生更好地发挥其英语水平有利于考生更好地发挥其英语水平有利于考生更好地发挥其英语水平有利于考生更好地发挥其英语水平。于是湖南于是湖南2010年英语高考渐进地把原来的完形填年英语高考渐进地把原来的完形填空分解成了：空分解成了：12个个完形填空完形填空和和8个个语法填空语法填空什么什么是语法填空1 从从刚刚才幻灯片才幻灯片2-3所看到的中式英所看到的中式英语语和和历历年的学生年的学生书书面面表达来看，学生表达来看，学生对对最最为为基基础础的的语语法法结结构都没掌握，更不用构都没掌握，更不用说语说语篇篇结结构了。其构了。其实实，这这里更折射出了我里更折射出了我们们中国学生学中国学生学习习英英语语在在思思维维方面的僵化方面的僵化（直（直译译），），死背死背语语法法（套用），（套用），机械地机械地记单词记单词（背（背单词单词表）表）还还相当普遍，把相当普遍，把语语言学得支言学得支离破碎，效率相当低下。离破碎，效率相当低下。可以可以说说，语语法填空体法填空体现现了新了新课课程改革的精神，着力通程改革的精神，着力通过过测试测试来改来改变变同学同学们们的英的英语语学学习习方式，思方式，思维维方式，重掌方式，重掌对对英英语语的信心，高效掌握英的信心，高效掌握英语语。因此，因此，语语法填空法填空也叫也叫语语篇填空篇填空这这个新个新题题型的出型的出题设计题设计应该应该会是在会是在语法结构（形式，词法，句法）和语篇语法结构（形式，词法，句法）和语篇上上设计题设计题目。目。20102010年的湖南高考英语的年的湖南高考英语的“语法填空语法填空”要求考要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后完成生阅读一篇短文，然后完成8 8项语法填空。内容包项语法填空。内容包括括根据句子的根据句子的语法结构和上下文连贯语法结构和上下文连贯的要求的要求填入填入适当的词语；或适当的词语；或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。“语语法填空法填空”考考查查考生在考生在 上理解并上理解并应应用用语语法知法知识识的能力，考的能力，考试试采用填空的形式。采用填空的形式。“语语法填空法填空”要求考生必要求考生必须须具具备较备较好的好的 能能力，而不只是力，而不只是语语法辨析能力。法辨析能力。那么，我们根据考纲精神可以归纳出这种题型的那么，我们根据考纲精神可以归纳出这种题型的解题方法是：解题方法是：语篇层面语篇层面语法分析语法分析什么什么是语法填空1怎么样做怎么样做语法填空语法填空2因为要填的这个词是在句子中抽的空，所以因为要填的这个词是在句子中抽的空，所以“语法填空语法填空”中这个空上到底填那个词，这就是要中这个空上到底填那个词，这就是要看句子了，也就是要学会看句子了，也就是要学会分析句子的结构分析句子的结构和和基本语基本语法知识法知识；同样的，这个空所要填的词可能有多种答案都同样的，这个空所要填的词可能有多种答案都行得通，但只有一个最佳的是适合行得通，但只有一个最佳的是适合上下文（语篇）上下文（语篇）的，所以理解整个语篇（这又考查了阅读理解能力）的，所以理解整个语篇（这又考查了阅读理解能力）；最后是句子和句子的衔接了，例如一个复杂句最后是句子和句子的衔接了，例如一个复杂句中的中的主句主句和和从句从句，两个句子之间的，两个句子之间的逻辑逻辑，因此要掌，因此要掌握连词和关系词的用法。握连词和关系词的用法。解题技巧之解题技巧之句子结构句子结构五大基本句型五大基本句型;句子的构成成分（包括句子的基本成分和句子的构成成分（包括句子的基本成分和扩展成分）；扩展成分）；不同词性（或者成份）在句子中的位置不同词性（或者成份）在句子中的位置;复合句（复合句（主句和从句）。主句和从句）。句子的类型简单句并列句复合句转转折折因果因果联联合合选择选择名词性从句形容词性从句：副词性从句：主主语语从句从句宾语宾语从句从句表表语语从句从句同位同位语语从句从句定语从句状语从句时间时间，地点，地点原因，目的原因，目的结结果，条件果，条件方式，方式，让让步步五种基本句型句子的类型英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）谓语（predicate）表语（predicative）宾语（object）宾语补足语(objectcomplement)定语（attribute）状语(adverbial)主语1.主语是一个句子的主题，也是句子的主体，表示句子主要说明的人或事物。2.它的位置一般在句首。3.一般由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词、短语或句子等充当。This method,called seeding,has been very helpfulto farmers,and made him win much fame.His natural (curious)made him wonder about clouds.The _ why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.curiosityitreason谓语1.谓语是说明主语的动作或状态。一般放在主语之后。2.谓语一般是由动词或连系动词+表语担当。3.谓语必须和主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _(break)his finger.An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that (encourage)students to study abroad.A transit spokesman said the driver should (make)radio call to the control center for help.had brokenencourageshave madeFor a few moments I just stood there,_(wonder)what to buy,and who _(buy)it for.非非谓语谓语We should try every effort (prevent)violence happening at school for more This method,_ seeding,has been very helpfulto farmers,and it made him win much fame.calledwonderingto buyto prevent表语1.表语是表述主语的特征、状态或身份等。2.表语位于连系动词之后，二者构成系表结构，即合成谓语 3.表语由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或句子等充当。There a man in the front of the store.To tell you the truth,I always feel helping others really great.isisItwouldbe_(believe)thatsuchanhonestfellowshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends!unbelievableIt was getting too late.Thats _ we were getting anxious about you.why宾语1.宾语表示动作、行为的对象。2.只有及物动词可带宾语，有些不及物动词加上介词或副词也可带宾语。3.由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子担当。Firstly,we must understand the language when we hear spoken.He had to admit _(break)the school rules.breakingI think _ our responsibility to do something for the 2008 Olympic Games.itit宾语补足语位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。1.名词/代词宾格+名词：The war made him _(soldier).2.名词/代词宾格+形容词：Takingexercisescankeepyou_(health).3.名词/代词宾格+介词短语：I often find him _(silence).4.名词/代词宾格+动词不定式：Theteacheraskthestudents_(close)thewindows.5.名词/代词宾格+分词：I saw a cat _(run)across the road.a soldierhealthyin silenceto closerunning定语1.定语是用来修饰名词;代词或句子的成分2.定语有前置定语,后置定语3.充当定语的词有：形容词;名词;代词;数词;名词所有格.方位副词;不定式;动词的ing形式;过去分词;从句等Americansregularlyeat_(cook)eggstokeeptheirmindssharp.Those tests included people of different _ from 12 to 83.agesuncookedThis was reported by people _(work)in the shop.working“Let me see your _(fish)license,boy!”fishing解题技巧之解题技巧之复合句（主句、从句）复合句（主句、从句）引导名词性从句的连接词 常用连接词功能连 词that,whether,if只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成份，也没有任何意义连接代词who(ever),whom(ever),whose,which(ever),what(ever)既起连接作用，又作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语等，有词义连接副词when(ever),where(ever)how(ever),why既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语，有词义It s said that doesnt kill you will make you stronger.My face turned red on hearing _ my mother said._ we will start hasnt been decided yet._ will we deal with is still a problemwhatwhatWhenHow解题技巧之解题技巧之复合句（主句、从句）复合句（主句、从句）引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词先行词在从句中的作用主语宾语定语状语关系代词人物who,thatwhom/who,that,whose事物which,thatwhich,that,whose关系副词时间when地点where原因whyMany people _ had seem the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes in _ people were eaten by the tiger.Buy something for someone needs it._ is known to all,China is a large country of agriculture.AsThen I went to the department store I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef.whowhichwhowhere解题技巧之解题技巧之复合句（主句、从句）复合句（主句、从句）引导状语从句的连词类别连词时间状语从句when(ever),while,as,before,after,since,until,once,assoonas地点状语从句where(ever)原因状语从句because,since,as,nowthat条件状语从句if,unless,aslongas目的状语从句inorderthat,sothat让步状语从句though,although,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever,as比较状语从句asas,soas结果状语从句sothat,sothat,suchthat方式状语从句as解题技巧之解题技巧之复合句（主句、从句）复合句（主句、从句）引导状语从句的连词I fled to Grandma I knew she would be straight with me.She always told the truth._we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized,we are not really learning the language.IfI almost started to yell his name _ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep.when_children believe they can succeed,they will never become totally independent.UnlessStatistics show that China carried out the opening-up policy,a total of one million students have gone abroad for study.sincebecause解题技巧之解题技巧之时态、语态、单复数时态、语态、单复数The sun was setting when my car _(break)down near a remote village._(look)at the picture,please!The other day,while I _（shop）in the store,I met Li Ying,an old friend of mine.In fact,violence can (learn).Being too anxious to help an event develop often _(result)in the contrary to our intention.brokeLookwasshoppingbelearnedresults解题技巧之解题技巧之固定搭配固定搭配Hospitals will probably have body banks that can give youalmost any new part you need to keep on _(live).He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day It was no use _(pretend)that I had not seen him.So careless was I _ I had forgotten all about that.It was not long the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table.thatlivingoftopretendbefore解题技巧之解题技巧之常识常识it was Sao Paulos newest building.All the _ of the office building were completely destroyed.floorsIn quality-of-life terms,walking into an office at 8 in the _and leaving 12 hours later is not an attractive prospect.Even if you earn lots of money,you dont have enough _ to enjoy it.morningtimeNow Jean coaches and teaches.She tried to get people to set goals.“When I sign my autograph,”says Jean,“I _,Dream big and work hard.”write解题技巧之解题技巧之语篇语篇The bed is connected to an alarm clock.F_,the alarm clock rings.You have a few minutes to wake up.Next,a tape recorder in the bed Then Finally 语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落篇章等）语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有。如表示结构层次的有first,second,third,finally等；表示逻辑关系的有等；表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有however,but,bytheway等。等。“语篇标志词语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。First According to the news report,more than one hundred people died of H1N1,a kind of _ like flu.Doctors have been busy finding some ways to prevent the disease _ spreading.Here are some suggestions _ share with you._,dont go to public places that are _ of people so often.Those _ always show up in places like hospitals,theaters,and department stores seem to get H1N1 more easily than those who stay at home.Second,wash your hands a lot.Whats more,dont stay up late,and you will have enough energy to fight against the disease.Eating fruit of different kinds and colors _ also important because they are rich in Vitamin _.Above all,stay home from school when you dont feel comfortable or have a high fever.Dont go to school until you get well.If everyone follows these suggestions,H1N1 will be under our control soon.To find more details about H1N1,visit the website http:/diseasefromtoFirstwhofullisC放在名放在名词词后面的非后面的非谓语谓语谓语结谓语结构有构有个形容个形容词词important固定搭配固定搭配代代词词后面的从句后面的从句语法填空思维总结语法填空思维总结结构分析结构分析语法意义：语法意义：冠词、代词冠词、代词意义关系：意义关系：代词、连词、介词代词、连词、介词上下文意义上下文意义/搭配意义搭配意义基本结构基本结构主谓一致主谓一致时态一致时态一致指称一致指称一致主语一致主语一致扩展方式扩展方式词性词性词性词性词形词形词形词形词义词义词义词义意义理解意义理解成分分析成分分析如何复习如何复习语法填空语法填空3学习建议：学习建议：、掌握单词、词组、掌握单词、词组、懂得分析句子结构、懂得分析句子结构、多听、多说、多读、多写，增强语感、多听、多说、多读、多写，增强语感4、汉译英翻译汉译英翻译语法填空解题技巧口诀语法填空解题技巧口诀（“由大到小由大到小”）1、通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。2、巧用已知，巧用已知，连线画图连线画图、降低难度、铺平道路。、降低难度、铺平道路。3、理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破。4、重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。5、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。Mark Twain,a famous American writer,was once traveling in France.He went by _31_ to Dijon.He was very _32_(sleep)and wanted to sleep.He therefore asked the conductor to wake him up when the train came to Dijon.But first he explained that he was a very heavy sleeper.“I may possible protest loudly _33_ you try to wake me up!”he said to the conductor.“But dont take any notice of _34_ I say.Just push me _35_ the train,anyway.”Then Mark Twain went to sleep.Later,when he woke up,_36_ was night time and the train had reached Paris already.He realized at once that the conductor _37_(forget)to call him at Dijon.He was so angry that he ran up to the conductor and began to shout at him.“I have never been _38_ angry in all my life.”Mark Twain said._39_(look)at him calmly,the conductor said,“You are not half as hungry as _40_ American whom I pushed off the train at Dijon.”汕尾市汕尾市2006-2007学年度高三毕业班调研测试学年度高三毕业班调研测试2009届梅中摸底考试语法填空题：届梅中摸底考试语法填空题：Onceayeararaceisheldforoldcars.Alotofcarsenteredforthisracelastyearandthere_31_agreatdealofexcitementjustbeforeitbegan.Oneofthe_32_handsomecarswasaRolls-RoyceSilverGhost.Themostunusualcar_33_hadonlythreewheelswasaBenz._34_(Build)in1885,itwastheoldestcartakingpart.Afteragreatmanyloudexplosions,_35_racebegan.Manyofthecarsbrokedownonthecourseandsomedriversspentmoretimeundertheircarsthan_36_them!Afewcars,_37_,completedtherace.Thewinningcarreacheda_38_offortymilesanhourmuchfasterthananyofitsrivals（对手）.Itspeddownhillattheendoftheraceanditsdriverhadalotoftrouble_39_(try)tostopit.Theracegaveeveryoneagreatdealofpleasure.Itwasvery_40_frommoderncarsbutnolessexciting.谢谢大家谢谢大家 如果你有更好的看法如果你有更好的看法可以与我们分享可以与我们分享我们的联系方式：我们的联系方式：