2021年北京高考二模分类——阅读题.pdf

2021 年北京高考二模试题分类阅读题 2021 北京海淀高三二模 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节,38 分)第一节(共 14 小题;每小题 2 分,共 28 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。A Aubrey is a FedEx driver who has made regular delivery stops in a rural neighborhood in Indiana.During her stops there,she would see an 11-year-old boy,Elijah,playing basketball with an old and rusty bent hoop It was crazy to me how happy he was with the broken hoop.Every time I saw him,he was so joyful playing basketball.Seeing him so happy stuck with me,said Aubrey.The FedEx driver thought about Elijah many times over the months,and decided that she wanted to bless him in a special way.“I just wouldnt stop thinking about it.I really wanted to get him a hoop.He deserves it.”Aubrey went out and bought a new basketball hoop and installed it when the family wasnt home.She left a note that read：Just wanted you and your son to have the best hoop thatll grow with him and all his friends.”She signed herself“just one of the FedEx drivers in the area.”“I read the note,and the moment I realized who it was from,I started to cry,”said Coledo,Elijahs mom.When Elijah came home and I showed it to him,he got really emotional.He got teary-eyed but hes an 11-year-old boy,so he really didnt want to admit he was crying,laughed Coledo.“He just sat there for 10 minutes staring at the hoop until it really touched him that she went out of her way to do something just for him.”Aubrey had no idea how much her surprise gift had impacted Elijah and his family.They all had gone through a difficult year with Coledos husband suffering a serious injury,and Coledo crashing her car.Its just been a hard year.Were so humbled and grateful she would do this for us.This has been a huge thing for us,”said Coledo.When Aubrey made another FedEx delivery to their neighborhood,Elijah saw her,ran to her and hugged her.Elijah also gave Aubrey a card he made for her.And he invited her to play a game of basketball with him and his younger brother.“It was almost like wed always known each other.I really bonded with the boys,”said Aubrey.“Im just really happy they know that someone is out there for them.”21.Aubrey bought Elijah a new basketball hoop because .A.she wanted to make a friend using a surprise gift B.she was eager to donate to children in the rural area C.she was impressed by Elijah s passion for basketball D.she thought Elijah was unhappy with the broken hoop 22.How did the family feel when they saw the new hoop?A.Touched B.Satisfied C.Relaxed D.Honored 23.What influence did Aubrey s gift have on Elijah and his family?A.It helped Elijah achieve his dream.B.It reduced the familys financial burden.C.It gave the family warmth at a difficult time.D.It encouraged Elijah to bond with the other boys.B Walking Water Science Experiment for Kids Lets get set up for walking water with a few quick and easy steps the kids can definitely be a part of!We used test tubes for three sets of primary colors.You can use less as long as you have enough to go around with all the colors mixing.First,add red,yellow,and blue food coloring(one color per test tube)in order.Give each test tube a little stir(搅拌)to evenly distribute the color.Try to put the same amount of food coloring in each container.Cut thin strips of white paper towel to fit in the test tubes.Place them into the test tubes.There will be two ends in each tube.Wait and watch what happens.At this point,you can set up a stopwatch to make notes of how long it takes for the colors to meet and mix。Before you insert the strips,you have the perfect opportunity to make some predictions about what will happen.Have your kids come up with a prediction for their experiment?Will the water walk?You can start the conversation with What do you think will happen when we put the towels into the water?”The whole process starts pretty quickly,but it does take a while for the colors to begin to mix with each other.Extend the science activity：pull out the watercolors and do some color mixing art while you wait.Make sure to check on your walking water science experiment every once in a while to see the changes that are constantly taking place.The kids will be amazed at how the water seems to fight against gravity!As the paper towels absorb the colored water,the water travels up the towel strip.It meets up with the other colored water that has traveled up the neighboring strip.Where the primary colors interact,they turn into the secondary colors.Both colors will continue to travel as long as the towel fibers absorb the water.The experiment is colorful and simple to do!Plus,it is interesting for multiple ages.Older kids should be able to set it up all by themselves and can also use our science journal page to record their results.24.What materials are needed for the experiment?A.Test tubes,food coloring and paper towel.B.Drinking water,test tubes and a notebook.C.Food coloring,water cups and a paper cutter.D.Mixed colors,towel strips and food containers.25.In the experiment,youre expected to .A.add three colors into each container B.set up a stopwatch from the beginning C.put colorful towel strips in the test tubes D.stir each test tube to make the color even 26.Water in the test tubes can walk because .A.food coloring has the power to take in water B.towel fibers absorb water and allow it to travel C.water flows naturally under the influence of gravity D.colors interact with each other and thus travel easily C For todays increasingly interconnected food supply chains,“efficient”is what its supposed to be：Each country specializes in what its best at and puts it on the global market.Producers and processors within countries specialize,too,as a way to minimize costs.As a result,at least in theory,prices stay low,the world gets fed and everyone wins.However,the coronavirus crisis demonstrates what is wrong with this approach.When barriers prevent food from reaching its markets,or demand suddenly dropsboth of which are happening nowthe system falls apart.Specialization of the food system makes it hard to shift into different markets when disruptions arise.Belgium,a leading exporter of potatoes,lost sales not only to local restaurants but also to other countries because of lockdowns(封锁).At least the Belgians can try to eat the potatoes at home.That strategy wont work for every crop：Ghana,the worlds top cocoa exporter,lost markets when people started focusing on buying essential items instead of chocolate.The loss in export income in Africa more generally could have a huge impact if the pandemic continues,as many countries there rely heavily on imported wheat and rice.The prices of these grains have soared not only because of rising demand for these grains during the crisis,but also because a few countriesincluding Russia and Vietnamimposed export restrictions out of fear that sending food abroad would lead to higher prices at home.Concentrated markets dominated by just a handful of companies heighten food system fragility.For example,just three meatpacking plants process over 95 percent of Canadas beef and nearly all of its beef exports.Now,those meat processing plants have had to temporarily shut down because of outbreaks of COVID-19 among workers.Seeing the spoiled products across the world should force all of us to rethink our efficient”food supplies.We need to rejuvenate(使恢复活力)local and regional food systems to reduce the vulnerabilities that come with being too reliant on imported and corporate-dominated foods.This doesnt mean cutting off all trade or abolishing all packaged foods,but it does mean building diversity,and increasing opportunities for small and medium-scale enterprises to flourish in shorter,more sustainable food supply chains that are closer to home.One place to start is for governments to shift their support from the large-scale,specialized and export-oriented food system to building infrastructure for more diverse local food systems.Around the world.small-scale and organic producers have been overwhelmed with the surge in interest from customers who want to buy directly from farmers during the crisis.But these producers often lack the infrastructure to meet that demand.As governments around the world pass stimulus packages to address the crisis,building more diverse and localized food systems should be an obvious inclusion.27.In theory,specialization of the food system .A.adapts to changes efficiently B.balances supply and demand C.focuses on essential items D.reduces costs of 28.The underlined word fragility in Paragraph 5 means .A.weakness B.diversity C.unfairness D.complexity 29.What can we learn from the passage?A.A few countries restrict exports to stabilize local food prices.B.Grain prices rise due to Africas dependence on importation.C.Ghana might be less affected by lockdowns than Belgium was.D.Packaged-food consumption should be encouraged to address the crisis.30.The main purpose of this passage is to .A.expose food security issues during the crisis B.advocate establishing diverse local food systems C.discuss the development of a sustainable economy D.prove the importance of sound government policies D Every day,it seems that some new algorithm(算法)enables computers to disease a disease with unprecedented accuracy,renewing predictions that computers will soon replace doctors.What if computers could replace patients as well?If virtual humans could have replaced real people in some stages of a coronavirus vaccine trial,it could have sped development of a preventive tool and slowed down the pandemic.Similarly,potential vaccines that werent likely to work could have been identified early,reducing trial costs and avoiding testing poor vaccine candidates on living volunteers.These are some of the benefits of in silico medicine,or the testing of drugs and treatments on virtual organs or body systems to predict how a real person will respond to the therapies.The modeling begins by feeding anatomical data drawn from noninvasive(非 侵入式)high-resolution imaging of an individuals actual organ into a complex mathematical model of the mechanisms that govern that organs function.Algorithms running on powerful computers resolve the resulting equations and unknowns,generating a virtual organ that looks and behaves like the real thing.In silico clinical trials are already underway to an extent.HeartFlow Analysis,for instance,enables clinicians to identify CAD（冠心病）based on CT images of a patients heart.The Heart Flow system uses these images to construct a fluid dynamic model of the blood running through the coronary blood vessels,thereby identifying abnormal conditions and their severity.Without this technology,doctors would need to perform an invasive operation to decide whether and how to intervene.Experimenting on digital models of individual patients can also help personalize therapy for any number of conditions and s already used in diabetes care.The philosophy behind in silico medicine is not new.The ability to create and simulate the performance of an object under hundreds of operating conditions has been a cornerstone of engineering for decades,such as for designing electronic circuits,airplanes and buildings.Various obstacles remain to its widespread implementation in medical research and development.The predictive power and reliability of this technology must be confirmed,and that will require several advances.Those include the generation of high quality medical databases from a large,ethnically diverse patient base that has both women and men;improvement of mathematical models to account for the many interacting processes in the body;and further modification of AI methods that were developed mainly for computer-based speech and image recognition and need to be extended to provide biological insights.In recent years American and European regulators have approved some commercial uses of computer-based diagnostics,but meeting regulatory demands requires considerable time and money.Creating demand for these computer-based diagnostic tools is challenging as well.In silico medicine must be able to deliver cost-effective value for patients,clinicians and health care organizations to accelerate their adoption of the technology.31.According to the text,“in silico medicine might help .A.discover the cause of an illness B.quicken the creation of new medicine C.recognize the symptoms of a disease earlier D.avoid including unhealthy volunteers in trials 32.We can learn from the text that Heart Flow Analysis .A.works effectively in CAD treatment B.offers personalized therapies to patients C.reduces the chances of invasive operations D.builds models after identifying abnormal conditions 33.According to the author,further application of“in silico medicine”requires .A.money and time from the regulators B.replacement of old mathematical models C.more proof of its effectiveness and dependability D.progress in speech and image recognition technology 34.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Looking to AI to End Experimental Stud B.In Silico Medicine Saved Millions of lives C.Exploring the Future of Algorithm in Medicine D.Virtual Patients Could Revolutionize Medicine 西 城 区 高 三 模 拟 测 试 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Iceland has long been identified as having unique environments.Here you can walk and swim between tectonic(地壳构造的)plates,bath in geothermal waters,and experience the wild landscapes.Furthermore,these unique environments have attracted the space-science community to use Iceland as one of its test sites for missions travelling to Mars(火星).DAY 1 Arrive in Reykjavik.After check-in,you will visit the geothermal pools of the Blue Lagoon to relax after your flight,before returning to your hotel to freshen up.You will then head to the Aurora Basecamp Observatory,where you will be able to see the northern lights recreated indoors.In the evening,space expert Niamh Shaw will give the first of two talks on our attempt to establish bases on other planets.DAY 2 After breakfast,you will set out on special vehicles towards ingvellir National Park,a registered UNESCO world heritage(遗产)site accompanied by Niamh.Here,you will have the opportunity to do something that you cant do anywhere else,the opportunity to swim between the tectonic plates.In the evening,you will enjoy a second talk from Niamh.DAY 3 Today you begin your journey towards the 2020 NASA test site,where the NASA SAND_E Mars Rover is being tested.NASA scientists will be on hand to explain the project,along with updates of the current Mars missions and the most recent findings.DAY 4 In 2019,Iceland Space Agency hosted the ISAGEVR1 Expedition to Grimsvtn Volcano on top of the Vatnajkull Glacier(冰川)to field test the MS1 Mars Analog Spacesuit designed by the NASA/Johnson space centre.We will be working together with the agency to create a unique experience for you today on the glacier.DAY 5 In the afternoon,you will reach the bridge between the continents,spanning a gap in betw