2021届寻乌县澄江中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及答案解析.pdf

2021 届寻乌县澄江中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A The Costa Book Awards consistently pick winners that are both of the moment and subsequently endure.Its our pleasure to confirm this years Category Winners.First Novel Award Winner Book:Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine Author:Gail Honeyman Eleanor is 31 years old;work finishes on a Friday and begins again on a Monday.Between,her only company will be two bottles of vodka and her own solitary,unique wit(机智).It is contentment,of a kind,but an unexpected shared experience suddenly opens the door to possibility.Challenging reader expectations with a living,breathing character,Gail Honeymans debut(初次登台、开张)is a funny and moving diamond.Biography Award Winner Book:In the Days of Rain Author:Rebecca Stott The Exclusive Brethren were aclosed community who believed the world is ruled by Satan.Into this is born Rebecca.Her father had been an influential Brethren Minister.As her father lay dying,he begged her to help him write the memoir.He wanted to tell the story of their family who for generations had all been members of a fundamentalist Christian sect.Poetry Award Winner Book:Inside the Wave Author:Helen Dunmore To be alive is to be inside the wave,always travelling until it breaks and is gone.These poems are concerned with the borderline between the living and the dead the underworld and the human living world and the acutely intense being of both.Childrens Award Winner Book:The Explorer Author:Katherine Rundell,Hannah Horn Four children survive their aircraft plunging into the Amazon jungle,but for Fred and his friends its only the beginning of a cruel battle for survival.Brimming with adventure and a real command of character and incident,Rundell has few peers in superb childrens fiction.1.What kind of life does Eleanor lead?A.boring and lonely.B.funny and touching.C.exciting and complex.D.ordinary and happy.2.Why did Rebecca Stott writeIn the Days of Rain?A.To introduce beliefs of the Exclusive Brethren.B.To help her father fulfill his last wish.CTo share the life of fundamentalist Christians.D.To pass on her family traditions.3.For a young adventurous soul,which book seems more appealing?A.Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine B.In the Days of Rain C.Inside the Wave D.The Explorer B Improvements to energy efficiency,such as LED lights,are seen by many authorities as a top priority for cutting carbon emissions.Yet a growing body of research suggests that arebound effect could wipe out more than half of the savings from energy efficiency improvements,making the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change even harder to hit.A team led by Paul Brockway at the University of Leeds,UK,looked at the existing 33 studies on the impact of the rebound effect.First comes the direct rebound:for instance,when someone buys a more efficient car,they may take advantage of that by driving it further.Then comes the indirect rebound:fuel savings leave the owner with more money to spend elsewhere in the economy,consuming energy.Although the 33 studies used different methods to model the rebound effect,they produced very consistent estimates of its impact,leading the team to conclude that the effect wipes out,on average,63 percent of the anticipated energy savings.“Were not saying energy efficiency doesnt work.What were saying is rebound needs to be taken more seriously,”says Brockway.The idea that increased efficiency may not deliver the hopedfor savingsdates back to the Jevons paradox(悖论),named after the economist William Stanley Jevons,who,in 1865,observed that more efficient coal use led to more demand for coal.If the rebound effect does prove to be as big as suggested,it means future global energy demand will be higher than expected and the world will need far more wind and solar power and carboncapture technology than is currently being planned for.But that doesnt mean nothing can be done to limit the rebound effect.One answer is to double down on energy efficiency and do twice as much to achieve the same effect.4.Which of the following is a rebound effect?A.A man uses LED lights to cut carbon emissions.B.A company uses coal more efficiently to reduce waste.C.A family saves money by using energysaving devices.D.A lady spends savings from her fuel efficient car on more clothes.5.How did Paul Brockways team carry out their research?A.By interviewing economists.B.By analyzing former studies.C.By modeling the rebound effect.D.By debating about the Jevons paradox.6.What would Paul Brockway probably agree with?A.Authorities should dismiss energy efficiency.B.Worldwide efforts to preserve energy are in vain.C.The rebound effect helps protect the environment.D.More attention should be paid to the rebound effect.7.Whats the authors attitude towards limiting the rebound effect?A.Positive.B.Pessimistic.C.Doubtful.D.Disapproving.C The climate change is already eating into the output of the worlds agricultural systems,with productivity much lower than it would have been if humans hadnt rapidly heated the planet,new research has found.Advances in technology,fertilizer(化肥)use and global trade have allowed food production to keep pace with an increasing global population since the 1960s.But rising temperatures in this time have acted as a handbrake(手刹)to farming productivity of crops,according to the new research,published in Nature Climate Change.Productivity has actuallyslumpedby 21%since 1961,compared to if the world hadnt been affected by global heating.With the global population set to rise to more than 9 billion by 205,the UNS Food and Agriculture Organization has estimated that food production will have to increase by about 70%,with annual crop production increasing by almost 1 billion tons and meat production by more than200mtons a year by this point.Meanwhile,global temperatures are rising at a rate that scientists warn is extremely dangerous for human civilization.“The impact already is larger than I thought it would be,”said Ariel Ortiz-Bobea,an economist atCornellUniversitywho led the research.“It was a big surprise to me.The worry I have is that research and development in agriculture takes decades to translate into higher productivity.The projected temperature increase is so fast that I dont know if we are going to keep pace with that.”Weston Anderson,a researcher of food security(安全)and climate at Columbia University who didnt take part in the study,said the new research provides fresh insight into the importance of the impact upon agriculture.“The regions that this paper highlights as experiencing the largest reductions in agricultural productivity-CentralAmericaand theSahel-contain some of the least food secure countries in the world,which is a real concern,”he said.8.What does the underlined word“slumped”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Fallen.B.Gathered.C.Approached.D.Benefited.9.What is Ariel Ortiz-Bobea worried about?A.Fertilizer is used in food production.B.Population will rise to over 9 billion.C.Global temperatures are rising too fast.D.Agricultural research needs many years.10.What can we learn about Weston Anderson?A.He puts forward a different solution.B.He proposes carrying on with the research.C.He pays more attention to food insecure regions.D.He supports improving agricultural productivity.11.What is the best title for the text?A.The Impact of Growth in Farm Productivity B.Productivity in Agriculture is Growing C.Causes and Effects of Global Heating D.Rapid Global Heating is Hurting Farm Productivity D As I work in theLarkwhistle Garden in Dyers Bay,Ontario,I take my time and the garden is teaching me about working with the earth.I recognize that there will be both successes and failures and there are many variables(变量)that affect them both.The quality of the seeds planted has a bearing on how the plants will grow.The weather can be too hot,too cold,or exactly right,and usually varies between all three.Weeds seem to grow in the garden and need to be taken care of,pulled,and removed to ensure they do not eat into the fruits,vegetables,and flowers we have so lovingly planted.I take time to stand back and rest,and to observe the plants and how they are growing.Each plant is unique and develops in the way that is best for them.Some have large broad leaves to shadow their fruit from the severe rays of the sun,while other plants are more open,their fruit needing the light to grow and ripen.Getting my hands dirty,feeling the sweat on my forehead,and the strength and flexibility of my body as I dig,bend and work under the warm summer sun,reminds me I am alive in ways I would not have remembered sitting on the couch.It is attractive to move things around,to transplant,and to disturb the natural order of how plants grow.The garden teaches me that it is important to know when to disturb things and when to let them be.The gardens life cycle follows a pattern that is repeated according to laws of nature,birth,growth,and then dies and it teaches us to accept this fact.12.How many variables may affect the growth of plants in the garden?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.13.What can we learn about the author?A.He feels exhausted while gardening.B.He enjoys life from working practice.C.He takes pleasure in harvesting fruits.D.He dreams away his time in the garden.14.How is the garden tended by the author?A.Its rank grass is got rid of.B.Its plants are left to grow freely.C.Its temperature is controlled properly.D.Its plants with large broad leaves are cut off.15.What fact does the author learn from gardening?A.Life takes its course.B.Hard work benefits health.C.Time is short and precious.D.Gardening brings good harvest.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 How is dining in space different from eating on Earth?Spacesuits?Check!Oxygen?Check!Water?Check!Are we forgetting something?Food!If you send astronauts into space,you have to send along food as well.But what do astronauts eat,and how do they eat it?_16_ First,and possibly most important,is nutrition(营养).Maintaining the astronauts physical health is a top task forany space mission.Providing junk foods to eat,such as potato chips,sodas,and pizza,would make the astronauts feel unhealthy._17_If the food that has been provided is distasteful,then the astronauts may avoid eating it.If youve ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesnt feel well,youll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly.The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space.Meals must be packaged carefully so they wont spill into the cabin.Liquids or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it._18_A loose knife bouncing(弹起)around inside the cabin would be dangerous._19_The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and home again._20_Most foods are stored in plastic bags,and often,the foods are dehydrated(脱水)When an astronaut is ready to eat,hot water is added to rehydrate the meal and warm it up.Despite all these requirements,much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day.A.Variety and taste are also important.B.Finally,weight is an important concern.C.Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.D.Believe it or not,they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.E.Nutrition and practicality are important things to consider.F.For the same reason sharp utensils are never used onboard.G.Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 When she was 41 years old,Deanna Mulliganstepped back from the top of her career.Now CEO of Guardian Life Insurance,Ms.Mulligan reflects on that move：I was 41 then,when it is_21_to be the peak of ones career.At the time,taking a_22_was considered a really strange thing.People said to me,“You cant take time off.Youll never_23_on a career path.”Then I had a who_24_.It was clear at her funeral that she had made a big_25_on lots of people as a preschool teacher.I thought about my_26_at the time：Could I be a person like her?I was a senior insurance manager._27_,I didnt gain such career meaning.So for me it was time to break,and I_28_that job.I took two years off.The first year I spent much time with my family.And,I have tosay,time with_29_.Time to really be alone and think about what I had_30_and what that meant for my future.It was a big reset.The second year,I was able to_31_on what I might like to do next.After many trials,I decided finally my_32_career in insurance was my real love.I find it to be very_33_-it does help peoples lives,especially when they are at their_34_moments.So I went to work for Guardian Life Insurance,from an employee in 2008 to CEO in 2011.I didnt_35_CEO.I just wanted to lead with_36_.Now I find purpose and meaning in my job every day.Once you find it,you dont really_37_it.So it is OK to take time to_38_,as long as youre discovering whats_39_to your life.Life is not a straight line.And youll get to the right place_40_.21.A.guaranteed B.supposed C.set D.reported 22.A.prize B.breath C.trip D.break 23.A.get back B.fall down C.hold on D.grow up 24.A.gave up B.quitted office C.passed away D.lived alone 25.A.advance B.improvement C.living D.influence 26.A.life B.achievements C.change D.mood 27.A.Besides B.Still C.Instead D.Therefore 28.A.offered B.accepted C.lost D.quitted 29.A.others B.colleagues C.myself D.friends 30.A.learned B.found C.tested D.admitted 31.A.focus B.take C.insist D.feed 32.A.favorite B.original C.future D.permanent 33.A.delightful B.stressful C.meaningful D.graceful 34.A.last B.best C.worst D.most 35.A.sign up B.look down upon C.think about D.aim at 36.A.successes B.values C.power D.interests 37.A.forget B.lose C.recognize D.replace 38.A.protest B.entertain C.perform D.explore 39.A.romantic B.wrong C.important D.scaring 40.A.eventually B.dramatically C.rapidly D.fortunately 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 A new study has discovered that alcohol is a more_41._(danger)drug than heroin and cocaine.The report is fromBritains Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs.Its research classified drugs on_42._basis of the harm they do to our society.Alcohol came top of the list,with heroin second and cocaine third.Researchers created nine_43._(category)of harm that drugs can do“from death to damage to mental functioning and loss of relationships”and seven types of harm they do_44._others.Experts inBritainare now calling for new laws_45._(control)alcohol.The research_46._(conduct)by Professor David Nutt,a former government drug advisor.He has been calling for a change in the wayBritainclassifies drugs for many years.He was fired in 2009 for his views and claimed that the