2021届北京市延庆区永宁中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案.pdf

2021 届北京市延庆区永宁中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Top Four Marathons Portland Marathon The marathon welcomes 8 000 people every fall.Its a great event for first-timers because everyone is cheered on with enthusiasm no matter how long it takes to cross the finish line.The time limit for the full marathon is now at a pace of minutes per mile,or 6 hours and 33 minutes,but in the past it had an open time limit.They promise youll still receive your medal if you fall behind the pace,but you have to finish using the sidewalks.TCS New York City Marathon As the worlds biggest marathon,the TCS New York City Marathon attracts over 50,000 people to the Big Apple each November.The time limit is generous eight and a half hours,but participants must move to the sidewalk if they drop below 15-minute mile.The famous course snakes through five boroughs(行政区)of the city and crosses five bridges to end in Central Park.Honolulo Marathon The marathon attracts over 30,000 participants each December.The race starts on Ala Moana Boulevard in downtown Honolulu and snakes its way along the breathtaking Hawaiian coastline to the finish line in Kapiolani Park.The start time is at 5:00 am with finish line services officially open until 2:00 pm.However,the organizers allow everyone to finish and have waiters on hand until 4:00 pm.Boston Marathon The marathon is held in May every year.For this event running isnt allowed as the city streets arent closed off.Participants must instead make their way along sidewalks under the guidance of event organizers and city police.The event attracts over 8,000 people who can choose anything from three-mile walk to the full 26.2-mile Boston Marathon route.1.Where is a new marathon runner most likely to receive enthusiastic cheers?A.In Portland.B.In New York.C.In Honolulu.D.In Boston.2.What can we know about TCS New York City Marathon?A.It is extremely popular.B.It has an open time limit.C.It starts and ends in a park.D.It forbids using the sidewalk.3.Which marathon is held the earliest in a year?A.Portland Marathon.B.TCS New York City Marathon.C.Boston Marathon.D.Honolulu Marathon.B The climate change is already eating into the output of the worlds agricultural systems,with productivity much lower than it would have been if humans hadnt rapidly heated the planet,new research has found.Advances in technology,fertilizer(化肥)use and global trade have allowed food production to keep pace with an increasing global population since the 1960s.But rising temperatures in this time have acted as a handbrake(手刹)to farming productivity of crops,according to the new research,published in Nature Climate Change.Productivity has actuallyslumpedby 21%since 1961,compared to if the world hadnt been affected by global heating.With the global population set to rise to more than 9 billion by 205,the UNS Food and Agriculture Organization has estimated that food production will have to increase by about 70%,with annual crop production increasing by almost 1 billion tons and meat production by more than200mtons a year by this point.Meanwhile,global temperatures are rising at a rate that scientists warn is extremely dangerous for human civilization.“The impact already is larger than I thought it would be,”said Ariel Ortiz-Bobea,an economist atCornellUniversitywho led the research.“It was a big surprise to me.The worry I have is that research and development in agriculture takes decades to translate into higher productivity.The projected temperature increase is so fast that I dont know if we are going to keep pace with that.”Weston Anderson,a researcher of food security(安全)and climate at Columbia University who didnt take part in the study,said the new research provides fresh insight into the importance of the impact upon agriculture.“The regions that this paper highlights as experiencing the largest reductions in agricultural productivity-CentralAmericaand theSahel-contain some of the least food secure countries in the world,which is a real concern,”he said.4.What does the underlined word“slumped”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Fallen.B.Gathered.C.Approached.D.Benefited.5.What is Ariel Ortiz-Bobea worried about?A.Fertilizer is used in food production.B.Population will rise to over 9 billion.C.Global temperatures are rising too fast.D.Agricultural research needs many years.6.What can we learn about Weston Anderson?A.He puts forward a different solution.B.He proposes carrying on with the research.C.He pays more attention to food insecure regions.D.He supports improving agricultural productivity.7.What is the best title for the text?A.The Impact of Growth in Farm Productivity B.Productivity in Agriculture is Growing C.Causes and Effects of Global Heating D.Rapid Global Heating is Hurting Farm Productivity C In May this year,as part of our 150th anniversary,we asked readers aged between18 and 25 to enter an essay competition.The task was to tell us,in no more than 1,000 words,what scientific advance they would most like to see in their lifetimes,and why it mattered to them.The response was phenomenal:we received 661 entries.Some entrants hoped that science would make their lifetimes much longer than they can currently expect.Many looked forward to work that will end climate change.Others wanted to see advances in our understanding of human history,crop growth,space exploration,and medical technologies.The ideas were inspiring.The winner is a compelling essay by Yasmin Ali,a PhD student at the University of Nottingham,UK.Ali submitted a piece on Beethoven,her brothers hearing loss and the science which she hoped would one day cure it.It stood out to the judges as a reminder of why many scientists do research:to make the world better tomorrow than it is today.All essays were judged by a group of Nature editors.The top ten submissions were then ranked by three members of a separate judging group:Magdalena Skipper,editor-in-chief of Nature;Faith Osier,a researcher;and Jess Wade,a physicist.All submissions were kept anonymous throughout the process.We also selected two runners-up(非冠军的获奖者).Physicist Robert Schittkoat Harvard University in Cambridge,Massachusetts,proposes that nuclear fusion(核聚变)could offer a solution to the climate crisis,in a piece that effortlessly mixes grand ambition with gentle humour.And chemist Matthew Zajac at the University of Chicagoin Illinois wrote a powerful personal account of why he wants to see advances in the field of same-sex reproduction.The results show that todays young scientists have a wealth of ideas,talent and conviction that research can transform their world.We look forward to seeing what they do next.8.Whats the essay competition about?A.The scientific expectation.B.The fantastic scientific ideas.C.The dreams of future life.D.The celebration of anniversary.9.Why Yasmin Ali was chosen the winner?A.She showed great talent in music.B.She found the cure for the loss of hearing.C.She appealed for people to care about hearing loss problem.D.She reminded people to remember the meaning of science development.10.What can we learn about the result of the essay competition?A.Robert Schittko won the second place.B.There were two winners in the essay competition.C.Matthew Zajac presented his view of same-sex reproduction.D.The two runners-up were selected for the same field they chose.11.What isthe authors attitude to the competitors ideas about science expectations?A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Impossible.D.Ignorant.D Older adults with a better sense of smell may live longer than thosewho have a poor sense of smell,a new study suggests.The study was a project of researchers in theUnited Statesthat was ongoing for over 13 years.They asked nearly 2,300 men and women to identify 12 common smells.All the subjects were from 71 to 82 years of age.The researchers gave the adults scores,from 0 to as high as 12,based on how many smells they identified correctly.During the years of follow-up investigation,over 1,200 of the subjects died.When the study was launched,none of the adults were weak.They could walk a little under half a kilometer,climb 10 steps and independently complete daily activities.In the latest findings,the researchers noted that those with a weak nose were 30 percent more likely to die than people with a good sense of smell.The findings were reported last month in the scientific publication Annals of Internal Medicine.Honglei Chen,a doctor withMichiganStateUniversityinEast Lansing,Michigan,was the lead writer of a report on the study.He said the connection between a poor sense of smell and an increased risk of dying was limited to adults who first reported good-to-excellent health.This suggests that a poor sense of smell is an early and sensitive sign for worsening health before it is recognizable in medical tests.With a poor sense of smell,people are more likely to die of brain and heart diseases,but not of cancer or breathing disorders.The results also suggest that a poor sense of smell may be an early warning for poor health in older age that goesbeyond dementia or other neurodegenerative(神经变性的)diseases.These often signal the beginning of a weakening of the mind or body.12.What do you know about the study mentioned?A.The study involved researchers from the world.B.All the participants were of different ages.C.The study began to be performed about 13 years ago.D.2,300 men and women were young and healthy.13.What was the situation like at the beginning of the study?A.More than 1,200 of the participants passed away.B.Many of the subjects were found with health problems.C.All the subjects were independent of others when walking.D.One third of the participants had a poor smell sense.14.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A.People with a poor sense of smell have heart disease.B.You should be careful with your health if you smell poorly.C.People with a poor sense of smell wont suffer from cancer.D.Most of the elder people may have the dementia disease.15.Which is the best title for the passage?A.Strong Sense of Smell May Be Linked to Longer Life B.Old People Tend to Have a Poor Sense of Smell C.A Number of Factors Result in Longer Life D.Being Ill Means Losing the Sense of Smell 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Keeping Fish Helps Prevent Loneliness What typically comes to mind,when you think of a lonely person?The most likely answer is an older person,who is socially isolated(孤立的)，leads a very quiet life and doesnt get outmuch._16_Loneliness can affect people of all ages from all walks of life.Researchers carried out a study looking at the health benefits of viewing fish in tanks.They found that people,young or old,who spend time watching fish in tanks,could see improvements in their physical and mental well-being._17_.Keeping fish means you will have a well-organized routine._18_.You need to turn the light on,feed the fish,and carry out daily checks.There will also be weekly and monthly chores(琐事)which will need to be done,such as checking the equipment._19_This helps to get people out of the house.Itll involve talking with other people who have similar interests.Forming relationships and friendships with these people will be much easier and this would counter isolation and likely decrease loneliness.Many people,in spite of being lonely,are not allowed to have a“traditional”pet in their house or apartment.Either due to allergies(过敏)or landlord agreements,people are restricted tohave pets in their house or apartment._20_.This is quite a good way to help them to have fun.Whats more important,they will say good-bye to loneliness forever.A.However,this isnt always the case.B.Doing all this requires visits to a pet store.C.That is to say,youll have a lot of work to do.D.These are some of the largest freshwater fish kept as pets.E.Even with these restrictions,many people are allowed to keep fish.F.Make sure that the tank is big enough for the fish you are going to buy.G.In fact,it not only helped to reduce their heart rate,but also improved their feelings.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 On my way home from coaching basketball yesterday,I was listening to WGN,my favorite talk radio station.What_21_me was that Bob Collins,the morning show man for WGN,had been killed in an accident.He was a man who was_22_by many.The radio told story after story,_23_him as the best friend.True love and feelings_24_in from all over the country.The more I listened about how this man had influenced those around him,the more_25_I became.I was upset because I wanted to know_26_we wait until somebody has passed away_27_we tell them how much we love them?I now have a stronger determination to tell those around me how much they_28_to me.I am going to let my wife know just how loved and_29_she is,not only by my words,but also by my_30_.I am going to play Batman with my son more often,and in the middle of our romping（嬉戏）,I am going to grab him,hug him tightly,and tell him how_31_I am that he is my son.Do you love someone?Then_32_them!Has someone been an influence in your life?Then give them a call!Has someone had a positive effect on you in your life?Then write them a letter or send them an e-mail!Dont let another day_33_without letting that person know.There is something_34_about a written letter that_35_feelings of love towards another.I dont know about you,but I have letters and cards from people that I have_36_for years,and_37_,I get them out and reread them.They can turn a depressing day into one when you_38_just how blessed and loved you are.Life is too_39_to leave kind words unsaid.The words you say,or the letter you write,might just make all the_40_in the world.21.A.shocked B.excited C.worried D.confused 22.A.loved B.hated C.judged D.criticized 23.A.explaining B.describing C.advising D.thinking 24.A.threw B.poured C.filled D.crowded 25.A.comfortable B.disappointed C.discouraged D.cheerful 26.A.what B.how C.where D.why 27.A.when B.because C.after D.before 28.A.mean B.symbolize C.refer D.represent 29.A.admired B.appreciated C.accepted D.affected 30.A.sounds B.actions C.opinions D.ideas 31.A.useful B.hopeful C.thankful D.wonderful 32.A.inform B.notice C.tell D.ask 33.A.go by B.go over C.go out D.go off 34.A.special B.strange C.difficult D.funny 35.A.indicates B.expresses C.displays D.discovers 36.A.bought B.written C.sent D.saved 37.A.first of all B.in the end C.now and then D.at a time 38.A.realize B.recognize C.recall D.remember 39.A.long B.short C.hard D.easy 40.A.effect B.influence C.difference D.function 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 My aunt Carmeleta was_41._wife of my mothers youngest brother Fred.Even though my uncle Fred died many years ago and Aunt Carmeleta is now married to Ken,I still consider her my aunt.Everyone should have a_42._(wonder)aunt like Aunt Carmeleta.When I was a child,I lived with her for 2 years.Like a lot of_43._(tee