2021届厦门市大同中学高三英语二模试卷及答案解析.pdf

2021 届厦门市大同中学高三英语二模试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A The following 4 famous paintings,from Jan van Eycks portrait to Pablo Picassos masterpiece,have stood the test of time.The Arnolfini Portrait Jan van Eycks Arnolfini Portrait,an oil painting on wood produced in 1434,is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery,London.This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed.It is also an informative document on fifteenth-century society,through van Eycks heavy use of symbolism-while husbands went out to engage in business,wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.The Starry Night Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night,oil on canvas,a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village,during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital nearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween 1889 and 1890.When theMuseumofModern ArtinNew York Citypurchased the painting from a private collector in 1941,it was not well known,but it has since become one of van Goghs most famous works.The Harvesters The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September.Nicolaes Jonghelinck,a merchant banker and art collector fromAntwerp,commissioned this painting.The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art inNew York Citysince 1919.Guernica Guernica,a large black-and-white oil painting,was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter,Pablo Picasso in 1937.The title Guernica refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War.The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result,has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war.Today,the painting is housed at the Museo National Centro de Arte ReinaSofiainMadrid.1.What do the four paintings have in common?A.They are oil paintings.B.They are kept inNew York.C.They show different peoples lives.D.They are created during 10th century to 19th century.2.What do we know about The Starry Night?A.It shows the scenery of a small hillside village.B.Van Gogh produced it when living in his home.C.A private collector gave it away to the museum.D.It was not famous before 1941.3.Whose painting shows the destruction of war?A.Jan van Eyck.B.Vincent van Gogh.C.Pieter Bruegel.D.Pablo Picasso.B If you have ever tried to catch a resting butterfly,you know it is surprisingly difficult.A new study helps explain why.Previous research had suggested that a butterflys overhead wing clap forces the insect forward.Researchers thought the wing clap likely formed a pocket of air that shoots out like a jet,but no one had tested that until now.To understand their flight,they placed six butterflies one at a time inside a wind tunnel which was filled with smoke and then used a laser to light up the smoke just behind the butterfly.Four high-speed cameras were placed in the tunnel to take photos of the movement of the butterfly and the-smoke as the butterfly was taking off.This let the researchers create a 3D picture of that air movement as the insect flapped its wings.They observed a total of 25 takeoffs by six butterflies.Each included up to three wing beats after takeoff.The butterflies proved more likely to clap their wings together during the first few wing beats than later in flight.The photos show that forces created by the wings give rise to a flight path.The butterflies rise as their wings move down and shoot forward as their wings move up.A wing clap on takeoff,paired with a quick tum,allowed the butterflies to fly away quickly.They also noticed the wings formed an air pocket just before clapping and that the wings flexibility and this pocket improved the jet force created by the clap.“The study is exciting,”says Ayodeji Bode-Oke,a mechanical engineer in Charlottesville.That means“we have solved the longtime puzzle about how butterflies fly,and it proves nothing is impossible on the road of scientific research.I cant wait to learn about how the study might inform designs for small aerial vehicles.”4.Why was laser used in the experiment?A.To frighten the butterflies into lying.B.To help researchers observe the butterflies.C.To help take clear photos of air movement.D.To guide the butterflies through the smoke.5.What is the finding of the research-according to paragraph 5?A.Butterflies fly forward as wings move down.B.An air pocket forms after butterflies clap wings.C.Butterflies beat wings three times before taking off.D.Upward wing movements help butterflies fly forward.6.According to the writer,the finding of the research can be used for .A.helping catch a resting butterfly more easily B.helping do research on other butterfly-like insects C.helping provide inspiration for making small flying vehicles D.helping widen the applications of small flying vehicle 7.What can be the best title for the text?A.Why Can Butterflies Fly Like a Jet?B.How Can Butterflies Make Wing Claps?C.How Can Butterflies Make Quick Tums?D.Why Can Butterflies Run Away Quickly?C Concerns about health,animals and the environment are leading more people to remove meat from their diet.Plant-based meat alternatives(替代品)increasingly appear in supermarkets and restaurants.But what some people call clean meat-meat grown from cells in a laboratoryis still an idea that is just beginning.More than 24 companies are testing lab-grown fish,beef and chicken.These businesses hope to enter the alternative meat market,which could be worth$140 billion by 2029.One of the companies,Shiok Meats,grows its product by taking shrimp cells and keeping them at a fixed temperature.They are then given nutrients in a solution(溶液).The cells become meat in four to six weeks.This lab-grown meats price is high.One kilogram of it now costs$5,000,said Shiok Meats chief executive Sandhya Sriram.At that cost,a single pork and shrimp dumpling could be as much as$300.Sriram,avegetarian,hopes to cut the cost to$50 for one kilogram by the end of this year.“We are looking at next year,so we might be the first ever company to launch a cell-based meat product in the world,”Sriram said.“Shiok Meats still needs approval from the citys food regulator,and that matters the most at present.”Although people increasingly demand meat alternatives,cell-based meat companies still faceresistance(抵制)to their products.In Singapore,some people said they would give lab grown meat a second thought.“I may not exactly dare to eat it,but I do find the idea appealing because the animals in the oceans are declining,”said 60-year-old Pet Loh,while sheshopped for shrimps in a Singapore market.Any alternative way of making animal protein without harming the environment is positive,said Paul Teng,a specialist in agriculture technology at Nanyang Technological University.But,he added,more studies are needed to understand any negative result of making cellular protein.8.Why are more people eating less meat?A.Because lab-grown meat has more nutrition.B.Because plant-based food is getting popular.C.Because meat in the market is increasingly expensive.D.Because health and the environment are their concerns.9.What is the most important for Shiok Meats at present according to Sriram?A.Bringing down the price.B.Gaining consumers acceptance.C.Obtaining official permission.D.Getting ahead of other companies.10.Which word best describes Pet Lohs attitude towards lab-grown meat?A.Doubtful.B.Uncaring.C.Negative.D.Positive.11.What is the text mainly about?A.A new way to make a fortune.B.Negative results of lab-grown meat.C.New research findings on healthy diet.D.A meat alternative grown in labs.D I got my first bike when I was nine years old.Jimmy,the bike,was my first love.I rode it everywhere.The suburb,the back lanes,the fields and forests,the river paths and swampland were far more exciting than any adventure novel or television series.Theres nothing quite like the relationship between a child and his bicycle and the endless happiness two wheels and a pair of strong legs offer.No video or computer game can replace the liberation of being alone on a bicycle.As parents,to deny children the simple pleasure of riding a bike is a failure of our responsibilities to raise independent and stable young citizens.We should offer our children a healthy alternative to hours in front of an addictive screen.Studies have shown that cycling promotes not only muscle growth but brain growth.Guess which country has children with the best mental health outcomes and is regularly the top of listings of the happiest young people.No surprise its theNetherlands,the unquestioned leader among industrial countries in encouraging bicycle use.Our dependence on cars has degraded the public transport system,polluted our sky,led to the untimely death of thousands every year,and denied children safe access to their suburbs.A recent study found that 69%of children were accompanied to school.The same study found that a similar number of parents drove to work.In some regions ofJapan,when children start their first year of school,parents are expected to walk with them for the first few weeks,introducing them to residents and shopkeepers along the chosen route,letting the community take care of these children.However,driving children to school isproscribed.Children can choose to ride a bike or walk to school after they are familiar with the community,and its the communitys role to keep them safe.Therefore,I strongly advise the government to provide better infrastructure(基础设施).Build separated cycle lanes,decrease speed limits,and design street scapes that favour people over cars.The results will be less pollution,quieter suburbs,a healthier population and,best of all,happy and independent children.12.What can we infer about the author from the text?A.He was addicted to computer games.B.He liked taking adventurous trips in nature.C.He had great fun exploring the outside by cycling.D.He got his first birthday present at the age of nine.13.Why does the author mention theNetherlandsin Paragraph 3?A.To introduce his good way of raising independent children.B.To illustrate the great influence riding has on mental health.C.To stress the importance of being physically and mentally healthy.D.To explain cycling does best in city development in theNetherlands.14.What does the underlined word“proscribed”in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Recommended.B.Protected.C.Delayed.D.Forbidden.15.How does the author mainly support his idea?A.By analyzing causes.B.By listing examples.C.By giving definitions.D.By analyzing scientific data.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Slowly but surely,were moving closer to the super-fast5Cworld that tech companies have been promising us for years.But do we really know it all?_16_ Its not quite here yet.Though weve seen a lot of positive progress,westill have a long way to go before5Gis anywhere near as available as4Gis right now.But most in the industry agree that 2020 is the earliest when5Gwill ever begin to touch most consumers.And even then,early5Gnetworks could come with their fair share of growing pains._17_ Its not going to be cheap._18_Some companies havent commented on specific pricing yet,but,as most have pointed out,datacosts have historically climbed as network speeds increase.Theres little reason to think that trend wont continue.Its not all bad news,though.Experts are optimistic that data prices will come down in the long run once5Gstarts to be widely available.But its impossible to say how long that change could take._19_ Its obvious that5Gnetworks will bring fast data connections.However,part of its appeal is that it makes Its obvious that5Gnetworks will bring fast data connections.However,part of its appeal is that it makes mobile networks better,meaning that networks can support many more data connections than what was previously possible.Have you ever been to an event where your data connection slowed down or stopped working?_20_But5Gnetworks have a much higher ability to support up to a million devices per square kilometer.A.Its really,really fast.B.Its not just about speed.C.Extra speed comes at a higher cost.D.Here are three major disadvantages of5G.E.Lets clear out some misunderstandings about it.F.Thats because present networks can easily be overloaded.G.Unbalanced coverage or negative effects on battery life may arise.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 My mom has always been my biggest inspiration.Shes a single parent of eight.Throughout the years,Ive seen my mom_21_many difficulties and overcome many life changing barriers.All those could easily_22_someone with little faith.The most difficult challenge was the_23_of my younger sister Tenesha at the age of 7.During the first three months of Teneshas life,doctors_24_if she would live to see the age of 1.This was_25_news,but my mom never lost_26_.Even though Teneshas_27_hospital visits hurt her at times,my mom never showed signs of_28_.Her strength always made Tenesha feel_29_there had been nothing to worry about.This strength_30_Tenesha to live the life of a regular child.We almost_31_that she was sick.Unfortunately,after 5 years of a happy childhood,things began to_32_.Tenesha lost sight in her left eye,which was_33_by loss of sense in her left arm,eventually leaving her left side paralyzed(瘫痪的).My mom_34_her job and attended to her every need.With my mom by her side.Tenesha went to bed with a _35_ every night.At the age of 7,Tenesha left us.Her_36_was over.It was a(n)_37_difficult time for us all.However,it wasalso the best learning experience.We now know that no matter how_38_our sufferings may appear,we have a support system that will overcome it all.This is all because of the_39_person in the world-my mom.When we all felt weak,my mom grew stronger.At a time of_40_,my mom grew victorious.She is my heroine!21.A.record B.promote C.experience D.abandon 22.A.discourage B.impress C.distinguish D.possess 23.A.disease B.missing C.mistake D.passing 24.A.asked B.doubted C.argued D.whispered 25.A.confusing B.disappointing C.embarrassing D.heartbreaking 26.A.hope B.interest C.courage D.confidence 27.A.aimless B.priceless C.countless D.meaningless 28.A.pity B.weakness C.preference D.apology 29.A.as if B.even if C.once D.unless 30.A.forced B.challenged C.persuaded D.enabled 31.A.hesitated B.forgot C.ignored D.avoided 32.A.take in B.clarify C.worsen D.fall out 33.A.followed B.approved C.caused D.accelerated 34.A.changed B.improved C.lost D.quit 35.A.wish B.smile C.reward D.dream 36.A.turning B.crime C.suffering D.adventure 37.A.universally B.extremely C.accurately D.properly 38.A.unstable B.unreliable C.unbelievable D.unbearable 39.A.strongest B.wisest C.healthiest D.proudest 40.A.sorrow B.tension C.defeat D.separation 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Many people have dogs