【最高考】2021高考英语(江苏)语法精讲+精练：专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点.pdf

专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气常考点 近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够精确 理解不怜悯态动词的微小差异，认真区分具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。1 情态动词所表示的多种含义 1.can 和 could 的用法 表示力量。如：I can run fast.表示客观可能性。如：An experienced driver can have an accident at times.表示恳求和允许。用 could 语气更委婉。如：Can/Could I go now?Yes，you can.表示猜想、惊异、怀疑、不信任的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或赞美句中)。如：Can this be true?How can you be so careless!This cannot be done by him.2.may 和 might 的用法 表示许可。如：You may drive the car.May/Might I use your pen?No，you mustnt.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：May you succeed!表示推想、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推想的 might 并不是指过去时间，而表示比 may 把握性略小些。如：He may be very busy now.用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如：No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldnt give up.3.will 和 would 的用法 用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如：I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen.用于其次人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出恳求。用 would 比用 will 语气更客气。如：Will/Would you please keep the door open?表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如：She will listen to music alone in her room for hours.He would get up early when he lived in the country.4.should 的用法 表示现在或将来的责任或义务，意为“应当，应当”，这时它可以和 ought to，be supposed to 互换使用。如：You should(are supposed to)complete your test in time.表示有较大可能实现的猜想、推论，通常意为“可能；总该吧”，相当于 be expected to。如：They should be home by now，I think.用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。如：I should think it would be better to try it again.用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，意为“万一”，这时也可将 should 置于从句之首，即将should 放在主语前面，而省略从属连词 if，主句谓语却不肯定用虚拟语气。如：Should I(If I should)be free tomorrow I will come.用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不行思议的。尤其在以 why，who，how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中经常意为“竟会，竟然”。如：A gentleman like him should be rude to a lady!用于虚拟语气句中(略)。5.ought to 的用法 表示应当、推想，相当于 should。如：You ought to take care of him.6.shall 的用法 用于其次、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”“警告，威逼，强制”“法令条文规章”和“承诺”等意思。如：You shall have the book when I finish reading.(表承诺)在疑问句中，shall 用于征求对方的意见或恳求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：Shall we go out for a walk?Where shall he wait for us?7.must 的用法 表示义务、意图或建议，意为“必需，应当，禁止(用于否定句中)”。如：You must go and see that filmyoud really enjoy it.表示推想，意为“必定，肯定”。注must 表示推想时的否定式是 cant 或 couldnt(不行能)。表示主见，意为“硬要，肯定要”。如：If you must go，at least wait till the rain stops.表示与说话人愿望相反，意为“偏要”。如：The machine must break down at this busy hour.8.need 和 dare 的用法 need 作“必要”讲时，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带 to，其变化与一般动词相同。作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中。dare 作为情态动词时，仅用在疑问句、否定句和条件从句中。dare 若作实义动词，后面可接带 to 的不定式，此时 to 也可以省略。dare 与 need 的用法相像。如：He dares to go there alone.He needs to go there alone.She doesnt dare(to)ask her father.She doesnt need to ask her father.He darent speak English before such a crowd，dare he?9.used to 的用法 used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问句 Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?Used you to go to the same school as your brother？否定句 I usednt to go there.I didnt use to go there.否定疑问句 Usent you to be interested in the theatre?Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre？其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat，didnt she？(正式)/use(d)nt she?(口语)Used you to get up early in the morning?Yes，I did(正式)/Yes，I used to.(口语)10.would rather(not)do 宁愿(不)做 11.had better(not)do 最好(不)做 I _ often go fishing when I lived in the countryside.A.should B.would C.could D.might Ive decided to take the job and I _ change my mind.A.mustnt B.cant C.wont D.may not“Whatever you want，you _ have it on condition that you get the best result，”said the boss.A.would B.ought to C.shall D.could Why _ you stay in the countryside，where its not convenient to go shopping?But Ive found it rather valuable for my health.A.can B.must C.may D.shall I promise her daughter _ get a nice present on her birthday.Will it be a big surprise to her?A.should B.must C.would D.shall She just couldnt believe that her husband，to whom she had been loyal for so many years，_ desert her after he became rich.A.might B.should C.shall D.must A Mr.Smith is waiting outside for the appointment with you._ he come in?Yes，please let him in.A.Shall B.May C.Will D.Need He is always on time for work.How _ it be that he was late yesterday?A.can B.might C.may D.must Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She _.Ive already borrowed one.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt【答案】B C C B D B A A C 2 表示“推想”的情态动词 确定句中用 must，may，might，could，当表示理论上的可能性时也可用 can；否定句中用 can，may，might，could；疑问句中用 can，could。用适当的情态动词填空：_ he be a policeman?He _ be a policeman，but I am not sure.He _ be a policeman，for he is so short.He _ be a policeman，for he is strong and brave.【答案】Can may/might/could cant must 3 情态动词的完成式 must have done 表示肯定做了某事，只用于确定句中。如：He must have been a brave boy ten years ago.can/could have done 用于否定句和疑问句中表示推想。could have done 用于确定句中表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批判或圆满之意。如：I could have come on time，but my car broke on the way.may/might have done 表示可能做了某事，用于确定句和否定句(意为“可能不”)中。might have done 也可以表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批判或圆满之意。如：She might have done better than that.should(not)have doneought(not)to have done 表示本应当做但没做或本不应当做但做了，含有责怪或悔意。如：I oughtnt to have scolded her for such a small thing.A.表示“(估量)应当已经”“或许已经”，即对过去状况的推想。如：They left at nine，so they should have arrived(probably have arrived)home by now.B.表示“竟然已经”“竟然已经”，即表示说话人对已经消灭的事态感到惊异、惊喜、怀疑。如：Im surprised that he should have been so foolish.neednt have done 表示本没必要做某事而实际上做了；didnt need to do 表示本没必要做而实际上也未做。如：You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.would have done 用在虚拟语气句中，表示与过去事实相反。如：If he had told me the truth，I would have gone there.would like/love to have done 表示本打算做某事而实际上未做。如：I would like to have read the article，but I was very busy then.had better have done 表示原来最好做某事而实际上未做。如：You had better have come earlier，but you didnt.11would rather have done 表示当时宁愿做了或没做。如：I would rather have refused his offer.用适当的情态动词填空：I was really anxious about you.You _ not have left without a word.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he _ have scored a goal.You _ not have seen him in the street yesterday，for he has been to Japan.【答案】should would/could/might can/could 4 一般疑问句中几个情态动词的提问和回答 情态动词的回答要依据具体的句意来推断。完成下列句子：Need I go there now?Yes，you_ No，you _ Must I do my homework?Yes，you_ No，you_ May/Might I use your bike?Yes，you _Yes，you_Yes，please.Sure/Certainly.No，you _ Can/Could you help me carry the bag?Yes，I _ Will/Would you come to party tonight?Yes，I_ Sorry，but I_ Shall I tell him about it?No，you _.I told him just now.【答案】must；neednt dont have to must；needntdont have to may；can；mustnt/cant can will；cant neednt 5 与情态动词有关的固定短语 may/might well do 很可能做 may/might(just)as well do 不妨做 cannot/can never.toocannot/can never.enough 越越好 would rather do 和 had better do A pencil will do(for sth.)A pencil will be suitable(for sth.)The car wont start.The car cant be started.I really _ thank you enough.Its been an amazing day.A.neednt B.shouldnt C.mustnt D.cannot These are excellent photographs and we _well use them in our magazine.A.can B.could C.must D.may【答案】D D 6 must 和 have to must 表示的是说话人的主观看法，而 have to 则往往强调客观需要；must 一般只表示现在时，have to 则有更多的时态形式。用 must 和 have to 的适当形式填空：I _ go now for I have got a meeting 15 minutes later.Jenny _tidy up the room before her mother came back.【答案】have to had to 7 can，could 和 be able to 的区分 can 用于现在时，could 只用于过去时，be able to 可用于各种时态；表示过去经过努力而做成某事要用 was/were able to，而不用 could。用 can，could 和 be able to 的适当形式填空：Although the fire was big，everyone_ escape.Only in this way will you _ finish the work in time.【答案】was able to be able to 8 will，would，used to will，would 和 used to 均表示“习惯”。will 表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作；would 表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在状况的对比，后不能跟状态动词；used to 表示过去习惯的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。用 will，would 和 used to 填空：He _ be late for school，but now he is seldom late.She _ sit for hours without saying anything.He _ walk by the river in the morning after he got up.【答案】used to will would 9 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实相反的假设 过去时 would/could/might do 与过去事实相反的假设 过去完成时 would/could/might have done 与将来事实相反的假设 过去时/should do/were to would/could/might do 错综时间条件句(动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整)。if 省略句(在条件句中可省略 if，把 were，had，should 提到句首，变为倒装句)。用介词或介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的有 with，without，but for。含蓄条件句。用 otherwise 或 but 来体现虚拟语气。用所给词的适当形式填空：If you _(go)to bed earlier last night，you _(not be)sleepy now.If you_(not attend)the meeting yesterday，you_(not meet)him.I _(be)ill yesterday.Otherwise，I _(go)there.I _(give)you more help，but I was too busy.But for the rain last Sunday，we _(have)a picnic.【答案】had gone；wouldnt be hadnt attended；wouldnt have met was；would have gone would have given would have had 10 as if/as though 的用法 as if/as though 引导的从句表示的状况可能会发生用陈述语气，表示的状况不行能发生则用虚拟语气。用所给词的适当形式填空：It looks as if it _(rain)He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he _(be)a Chinese.They talked as if they _(be)friends for many years.【答案】is going to rain were had been 11 If only.！句型的使用 If only句子How I wishthat 从句，句中用虚拟语气。用所给词的适当形式填空：If only I _(be)a flying bird!If only I _(go)home tomorrow!Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I _(follow)your advice.【答案】were would go had followed 12 虚拟语气在名词性从句和固定句型中的使用 表示建议、愿望、命令等词的名词性从句中，常见的词有 demand，order，require，requirement，insist，suggest，suggestion，propose，proposal，advise，advice，recommend，desire，request，urge 等，从句虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/.that 从句，从句中的谓语用“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。wish(that)sb.did(表现在)/had_done(表过去)/would_do(表将来)(三种虚拟形式)would rather(that)sb.did(表现在和将来)/had_done(表过去)(两种虚拟形式)Its(about/high)time that sb.did sth./sb.should do sth.用所给词的适当形式填空：His face suggested he _(be)ill and we suggested that he _(send)to hospital.He insisted he _(be)right and that he _(set)free.It is necessary that he _(send)to Miami.I would rather he _(come)tomorrow.Its time that we _(take)measures.I wish I _(see)the film yesterday.【答案】was;(should)be sent was；(should)be set(should)be sent came took/should take had seen 13 名词性从句在虚拟语气中的时态 假如状语从句是虚拟语气，从句或主句中的名词性从句则依据具体语境确定时态。用所给词的适当形式填空：If it were not the fact that she _(can)not sing，I would invite her to the party tonight.If you came to our school，you would find that a library _(build)now.【答案】can is being built 1.(2022江苏卷)It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,_ bring me food.A.might B.would C.should D.could 2.(2022北京卷)_ I have a word with you?It wont take long.A.Can B.Must C.Shall D.Should 3.(2022福建卷)_ no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A.Were there B.Had there been C.If there are D.If there have been 4.(2022安徽卷)People are recycling many things which they _ away in the past.A.had thrown B.will be throwing C.were throwing D.would have thrown 5.(2022陕西卷)We would rather our daughter _ at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.A.would stay B.has stayed C.stayed D.stay 6.(2021江苏卷)I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious.A.thought B.would think C.had thought D.have thought 7.(2021辽宁卷)Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He _ too much at the party last night.A.could drink B.should drink C.would have drunk D.must have drunk 8.(2021全国新课标卷)The door _ open，no matter how hard she pushed.A.shouldnt B.couldnt C.wouldnt D.mightnt 9.(2022江苏卷)Happy birthday!Thank you!Its the best present I _ for.A.should have wished B.must have wished C.may have wished D.could have wished 10.(2022重庆卷)_ you interrupt now？Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry sir，but its urgent.A.Can B.Should C.Must D.Would【答案】1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.D 10.C 1.You cant imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman _ be so rude to the old.A.might B.need C.should D.would 2.Peter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A.shall B.should C.can D.must 3._ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?No.It _ be Wang Hai who did it.A.Could；may B.Can；can C.May；must D.Can；must 4.When the old man was alive，he _ sit for hours at the door.A.would B.could C.must D.might 5.He _ have been sent to hospital immediately.So he_，but all efforts made no difference.A.should；was B.must；did C.ought to；had D.can；has 6.He denied _ stolen these watches and insisted that he _ set free at once.A.having；be B.to have；be C.having；was D.to have；was 7.Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?I would have，but I _ so busy then.A.had been B.were C.was D.would be 8.Madonna _ a straightA student，but it was dancing that she was really crazy about.A.must be B.could be C.must have been D.could have been 9.He _ have completed his work，otherwise he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant 10.I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car.They _ at least 150 kilometres an hour.A.should have been doing B.must have been doing C.could have done D.would have done 11.There_ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.A.mustnt B.shant C.shouldnt D.neednt 12.Helen _ go on the trip with us，but she isnt quite sure yet.A.shall B.must C.may D.can 13.Who is the girl standing over there?Well，if you _ know，her name is Mabel.A.may B.can C.must D.shall 14.“The interest _ be divided into five parts，according to the agreement made by both sides，”declared the judge.A.may B.should C.must D.shall 15.Its hard to believe that Jack _ have fought with the policeman.Yes.If one _ ask for trouble，it cant be helped.A.would；will B.must；may C.should；must D.need；dare 16.Why didnt Tom give you one of his paintings?I didnt want one，but he would have given me one if I _ A.did B.would C.will D.had 17.Shall I go and buy more food and drink for the party?No，we have prepared a fridge of those.That _ be quite enough.A.can B.may C.might D.ought to 18.I _ up early this morning，so I stayed in bed until 8 oclock am.A.neednt have got B.didnt need to get C.shouldnt have got D.cant have got 19.He _ an action movie on TV when I called him，for I could hear the sound of fighting over the phone.A.must be watching B.must have been watching C.must have watched D.must watch 20.Has Mr.Tom White arrived?Yes，already._ he wait outside or just come in?A.Shall B.May C.Could D.Must 21.She _ into the thick forest alone on such a dark night.A.dares not go B.dares not to go C.dare not to go D.doesnt dare go 22.Why didnt the manager join us in hiking yesterday?Im not sure.He _ too busy to get away.A.might be B.must be C.might have been D.must have been 23.I met a girl yesterday who can express herself freely in both English and French.She _ a gift for languages.A.must have had B.must have C.should have had D.should have 24.Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A.can B.might C.would D.need 25.Shall I tell her to come to see you?No，you _Shes already been sent for.A.neednt B.shouldnt C.mustnt D.wouldnt 26.She _ well refuse to speak to you，because she is in a very bad mood.A.will B.may C.must D.can 27.I tried to explain the problem to Mary,but she was so angry that she _ listen.A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.wouldnt D.might not 28.I left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back!I mean,someone _ it.A.will have stolen B.might have stolen C.should have stolen D.must have stolen 29.You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain.Well,I dont know.It _ do.A.might B.need C.would D.should 30.If he had spent mo