三年级英语语法大全.pdf
三年级英语语法大全 Revised by BETTY on December 25,2020 语法专项整理(一)名词 1、名词的种类:专有名词 China,Beijing,Amy,January,Monday,普通名词 可数名词 单数 a book,a pencil,an apple,an umbrella,复数 books,pencils,apples,umbrellas,不可数名词 milk,water,juice,tea,rice,2、专有名词:专有名词是指某个人、某些地方、某样物品专有的名称。Childrens Day 专有名词第一个字母要大写,前面不加 a,an,the 3、单数名词:(1)一般名词,在前面加 a:a book,a computer,(2)元音字母开头的名词,在前面加 an:an egg,an orange(元音字母是:a,e,i,o,u)少数例外:an hour,a university(以元音发音为准)4、复数名词:规则:情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加 s cats,apples o,s,x,ch,sh 结尾 加 es potatoes,buses,classes,boxes,watches 辅音字母加 y 结尾 去 y 加 ies butterfly-butterflies 元音字母加 y 结尾 加 s days,keys,boys f,fe 结尾 变成 ves leaf-leaves,knife-knives 不规则:情况 例词 改变元音 foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,man-men,woman-women,词尾发生变化 childchildren,mouse-mice 单复数同形 sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish,people-people 5、不可数名词:在不可数名词前只能加 some(一些),much(许多)(1)液体:water,milk,coke,coffee,juice,tea(2)气体:air,vapour(3)不能“个别的”存在:hair,rice,beef,meat,pork,mutton 语法专项整理(二)代词 1、人称代词 人 称 单 数 复 数 主 格 宾 格 主 格 宾 格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it 2、物主代词 人 称 单 数 复 数 形容词性 名词性 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 my mine our ours 第二人称 your yours your yours 第三人称 his his their theirs her hers its its 3、指示代词:this,that,these,those 如:This is my doll.That is Marys.Look at the those sheep.They are eating grass.语法专项整理(三)数词 1、基数词:表示数目的多少 one one hundred two twenty one thousand three thirteen thirty 三位数要在百位和十位之间加four fourteen forty and 如:one hundred and sixteen 116 one hundred and twenty-one 121 five fifteen fifty six sixteen sixty severn seventeen seventy eight eighteen eighty nine nineteen ninety ten 加 teen 加 ty 两位数(非整十)中间加连字符“-”如:fifty-one 51 eleven twelve 2、序数词:表示顺序 第一至第十 第十一至第十九 第二十及以上 first eleventh second twelfth twentieth third thirteenth thirtieth fourth fourteenth fortieth fifth fifteenth fiftieth sixth sixteenth sixtieth seventh seventeenth seventieth eighth eighteenth eightieth ninth nineteenth ninetieth tenth 除第 1、2、3,直接加 th ty 结尾,变 y 为 ie,再加 th 语法专项整理(五)介词 1、介词的分类 词类 例词 时间介词 at 7:00,in the morning,on Monday,before lunch,after dinner,方位介词 on the desk,in the park,at home,under the tree,behind the door,over the bed,in front of the house,near the lake,next to the cinema,动向介词 go to school,jump into the water,climb up the tree,ski down the mountain,run out of the door 方式介词 by bike,on foot,play with my friend 2、at,on,in在表示时间时的区别:(1)at 用于具体的时刻:at 10:05,at noon,at night,(2)on 用于具体的一天(常与星期、节日、具体的某一天连用,也表示某天上午、下午或晚上):on Monday,on New Years Day,on June 1st,on my birthday,on Friday morning,on the weekend,(3)in 用于某一段时间(常与上午、下午、晚上连用,常与月份、季节、年份连用):in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening,in March,in spring,in 2007,语法专项整理(六)There be 结构 1、概念:There be 结构又叫存在句,表示某地存在某物。2、There be 结构的肯定句(1)There is+可数名词单数+地点:There is a book on the desk.(2)There is+不可数名词+地点:There is some water in the glass(3)There are+可数名词复数+地点:There are some flowers in the garden.就近原则:若句子中有几个并列的主语,be 动词的形式和最近的一个主语保持一致 There is a book and 2 pencils in the bag.There are many flowers and a tree in the garden.3、There be 结构的疑问句(把 be 动词提到句子前面,若句子中有 some,要变为any)Is there a book on the desk?Is there any water in the glass?Are there any flowers in the garden?语法专项整理(七)现在进行时 1、概念:表示说话时正在进行的动作。(提示词:Now,look,listen)2、构成:be 动词+现在分词:be 动词后面的动词要加 ing,变成动名词。形式 例句 第一人称单数+am+现在分词 I am reading a book.第三人称单数+is+现在分词 He is doing homework.She is flying a kite.第二人称单数/各人称复数+are+现在分词 We are cooking dinner.They are cleaning the room.3、现在分词 规则 例词 一般情况,加 ing Walk-walking,do-doing e 结尾,去 e 加 ing dance-dancing,make-making,write-writing,have-having,汉堡单词,双写加ing run-running,swim-swimming hopping sitting 语法专项整理(八)一般现在时 1、概念:表示现在存在着的状况,也可理解为习惯性的动作,不断重复发生的事。提示词:always,often,usually,sometimes,never,every morning,every 2、构成:分类 形式 例句 Be 动词的一般现在时 第一人称单数+am I am a student.第三人称单数+is He is a boy.She is pretty 第二人称单数/各人称复数+are We are good friends.其他动词的一般现在时 第三人称单数+动词单三形式 She works in the hospital.He lives in the city.其他人称+动词原形 They work in the farm.We live in the village.3、动词单三形式:规则 例词 一般动词,加 s workworks,makemakes o,ch,sh,s,x 结尾加es watch-watches,wash-washes,go-goes,do-does 辅音字母加 y,去 y 加 ies flyflies,cry-cries,元音字母加 y,直接加 s buy-buys,playplays,stay-stays,不规则形式 have-has are,amis 语法专项整理(九)一般将来时 1、概念:表示将来要做的事,要发生的动作。提示词:tomorrow,tonight,this afternoon,this evening,this weekend,next weekend,next Monday,2、构成:(1)be 动词+going to+动词原形:I am going to watch TV after dinner.He is going to buy a book this afternoon.They are going to go swimming next Sunday.情态动词 can can 在英语中有一个特殊的名字,叫做情态动词,表示“能够”,“会”,“能力”后面要跟着表示动作的动词。没有时态和人称的变化。表示不能做什么的时候,后面加上not 为 cannot,或者缩写为 cant。问别人“能吗?”要把 can 放在句子前面,首字母要大写,句尾别忘加上问号。Icanswing.Icandraw.Shecancanplay.Wecantouch.Theycanrun.Icantcantsee.Shecantcanthearacar.三年级下册期末复习资料 一、句型复习:一般疑问句:有 be 动词把 be 动词提前,没 be 动词需加助动词 Is this/that/it a.回答:Yes,it is.No,it isnt.Is he/she 回答:Yes,he/she is.No,he/she isnt.Are you 回答:Yes,I am.No,I am not.Are these/they.回答:Yes,they are.No,they arent.Do you.回答:Yes,I do.No,I dont.Does he/she/it 回答:Yes,he does.No.he doesnt.Is there.回答:Yes,there is.No,there isnt.Are there.回答:Yes,there are.No,there arent.特殊疑问句:首先确定特殊疑问词:哪里(状语):什么 colour:问颜色(表语):谁(回答用 He is.She is.They are.等):怎么样 many:多少数量 much:多少钱价格 Whos he/she 回答:Hes/Shes Who are they 回答:They are.Where is.回答:Its in/on.(介词短语)Where are 回答:They are in/on.(介词短语)Where are you from 回答:I am from./We are from.Where is he/she/it from 回答:He/She/It is from Where are they from 回答:They are from.Whats in/on/near/under/beside the 回答:There is/are.How many.回答:There is one./There are two.(2 个或 2 个以上的数字)What is it/this/that (单数)回答:Its a.What are they/these/those (复数)回答:Theyre 日常用语:Put.on/in(介词短语).回答:OK/All right.Draw.回答:OK/All right.Thank you!回答:Youre welcome.Heres.回答:Thank you!二、名词单数变复数,一般都把 s 加。特殊变化有以下:1.单数复数一个样,sheep-sheep fish-fish goldfish-goldfish Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 2.遇到 oo 变 ee:foot-feet goose-geese tooth-teeth 3.有些变化就是大:mouse mice child-children man-men woman-women 4.以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾,es (bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches)5、以 0 结尾(有生命的 o)+es (tomato-tomatoes)(番茄)例外:kangaroo-kangaroos 6、以辅音字母y 结尾,改 y 为 ies (lady-ladies,baby-babies study-studies)7.以 f 或 fe 结尾,改 f 或 fe 为 ves (knife-knives shelf-shelves)三、have 与 has 的区别:have,has 都是“有”,它们的用法有讲究,表示“某人有某物”,have,has 请记住。he,she,it“有”用 has,I,we,they,you 都用 have。主人单数用 has,主人复数用 have。have 就是能力强,疑问()否定(dont/do not)都用它。四、have,has 与 there is,there are 的区别 表示某人或某动物 有 :has/have (I have a dog.The dog has a short tail.)表示某地方 有:there is/are (There is a book in the bag.)五、Some 与 any 的区别:some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中。如:I have some books.I dont have any books.Do you have any books 六a 与 an 的区别 一般来讲,元音字母(即 a,e,i,o,u)开头的单词用 an 如:an apple an ear an American girl an Australian stamp an old man 七 There be 句型 (即 there is/there are)意思:表示某地方有某人或某物 原则:就近原则(There be 句型中的 be 动词用 is 还是用 are 由最靠近它的第一个名词是单数还是复数决定。)如:There is a book and some pens on the desk.There are some pens and a book on the desk.八.不可数名词:juice chalk tissue (不可数名词没有复数形式)There is some chalk.There is some juice.There is some tissue.九s 所有格:表示:某人或某动物的 the girls name 那个女孩的名字 the teachers desk 讲台 the headmasters office 校长的办公室 the childrens toys 儿孩子们的玩具 the teachers room 教师办公室 (当名词的复数形式是以“s”结尾时,直接加)十 be 动词:is are am(表示“是”)I 用 am ,you 用 are,is 连着 he,she,it。单数名词用 is,复数名词全用 are。如:I am.You are.We are.They are.He is.She is.It is.The girl is.The boys are.Ben is.Janet and Ben are 十一代词 人称代词 I we they you he she it 我 我们 他们 你/你们 他 她 它 物主代词 my our their your his her its 我的 我们的 他们的 你的/你们他的 她的 它的 的 主语+doesnt+动词原形+其他+.Does+主语+动词原形+其他+