中考英语语法专题教案---数词说课讲解.pdf
中考英语语法专题教案-数词 精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 专题四 数 词 数词表示数目和顺序,可分为基数词和序数词两类,基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。一、基数词的形式 数字 基数词的构成 例词 0 12 各自独立,需单独记忆 0(zero),1(one),2(two),11(eleven),12(twelve)13 19 3 9 重读 teen 结尾 特殊:13(thirteen),15(fifteen),18(eighteen)一般:14(fourteen),16(sixteen)20 90整位数 以 ty 结尾 20(twenty),30(thirty),40(forty),80(eighty)两位数(几十几)以 ty 结尾 21(twenty one),35(thirty five),98(ninety eight)三位数(几百几)hundred and 两位数 785(seven hundred and eighty five);210(two hundred and ten)多位数 从小到大每隔 3位加一个逗号,依次读作 thousand(千)、million(百万)、billion(十 亿),逗号中间按三位数读 76,832,154,968 seventy six billion eight hundred and thirty two million,one hundred and fifty four thousand nine hundred and sixty eight 二、序数词的形式 1、一般在基数词后加 th。但有些词要特殊记忆。第一(first),第二(second),第三(third),第五(fifth),第八(eighth),第九(ninth),第十二(twelfth)2、整十位数的序数词的写法应将基数词词尾的 y 变为 i 再加 eth。twentytwentieth,ninetyninetieth 两位或两位以上的基数词变序数词时,只把个位数上的基数词变成序数词即可。twenty onetwenty first【一招制胜】精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 一、二、三要单独记,onefirst,twosecond,threethird th 要从四加起,eight 少个 t,nine 去掉 e,ve 要用 f来代替,ty 变成 tie,若问“几十几”或“几百几”,只变个位记心里。注意:序数词前一般要加定冠词the。基数词和序数词一览表 基数词 序数词 1 one 1st first 2 two 2nd second 3 three 3rd third 4 four 4th fourth 5 five 5th fifth 6 six 6th sixth 7 seven 7th seventh 8 eight 8th eighth 9 nine 9th ninth 10 ten 10th tenth 11 eleven 11th eleventh 12 twelve 12th twelfth 13 thirteen 13th thirteenth 14 fourteen 14th fourteenth 15 fifteen 15th fifteenth 16 sixteen 16th sixteenth 17 seventeen 17th seventeenth 18 eighteen 18th eighteenth 19 nineteen 19th nineteenth 20 twenty 20th twentieth 21 twenty one 21th twenty first 22 twenty two 22th twenty second 30 thirty 30th thirtieth 40 forty 40th fortieth 50 fifty 50th fiftieth 60 sixty 60th sixtieth 70 seventy 70th seventieth 80 eighty 80th eightieth 90 ninety 90th ninetieth 100 one hundred 100th hundredth 101 one hundred and one 101st one hundred and first 2,000 two thousand 2,000th two thousandth 10,000 ten thousand 10,000th ten thousandth 精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 100,000 a hundred thousand 100,000th a hundred thousandth 三、分数表示法 分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子是 1,分母用单数;分子大于 1,分母用复数。14one fourth 或 a quarter 12a half 或 one half 34three fourths 或 three quarters 25two fifths 1 1 one and one fifth 5 分数做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应由 of 后面名词的单复数来确定。of the work is hard to do.五分之三的工作非常难做。Three quarters of teachers in our school are women teachers.我们学校四分之三的老师是女教师。巧记分数表示法 基数词表示分子,分母要用序数词。分子如果大于 1,序数词尾加“s”。二分之一是一半,a half 便可知。四分之一很好说,a quarter 就很妥。three fourths 七成半,意思是四分之三;还有一种表示法,three quarters 很习惯。“假分数”也不难,基数词在前面,“真分数”在后边,中间要用 and 连。百分之几惯用法,基数词在 percent 前。如:65 65 percent 四、小数和百分数的表示法(1)小数点读作point,小数点前后的数用基数词表示。0.04 zero point zero four 3.14 three point one four 精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 9.8 nine point eight 12.35 twelve point three five(2)百分数用 percentper cent 表示。3 three percent 30 thirty percent 0.35 zero point three five per cent 50 fifty per cent 五、年、月、日表达方法 年用基数词,日用序数词,年放在最后,用逗号与前面隔开。如果先日后月,在月份之前加 of。1999 年 10 月 1 是 October the first,nineteen ninety nine (或 October 1st,1999 或 the first of October,nineteen ninety nine)六、时刻表达法(1)用基数词,按顺序读。6:00 six(oclock)3:45 three forty five(2)在半小时内,包括半小时,可以用介词 past,past 之前为分钟数,之后为钟点数。6:15 fifteena quarter past six 12:30 thirtyhalf past twelve(3)在半小时以上,不包括半小时,可以用介词 to,to 之前为分钟数,之后为下一个钟点数,表示“差几分到几点”。7:45 fifteena quarter to eight 8:40 twenty to nine 10:50 ten to eleven(4)24 小时制表示法。22:25 twenty two twenty five 七、编号及倍数表达法 精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 (1)编号可用序数词或基数词表示,序数词位于名词之前,并加定冠词,基数词位于名词之后。the tenth lesson Lesson Ten 第十课 the first part Part One 第一部分 基数词使用起来较简单,所以用基数词的情况较多。Class 3,Grade 1,No.2 Middle School 第二中学一年级三班 Room 108 108 室 Bus(No.)606 606 路公共汽车 Line 4 第四行 Zip Code 710077 邮编 710077 Tel No.168999 电话号码 168999(2)表示三以上的倍数用 times,表示两倍时用 twice。This room is as large as that one.这个房间有那个房间的两倍大。The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球有 49 个月球那么大。八、数词的句法功能及运用(1)基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语等;序数词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语和状语等。Five of the eggs went bad.(主语)有五个鸡蛋坏掉了。How many pencils do you want?你想要几支铅笔?I want two.(宾语)我想要两支。Two times two is four.(表语)二乘以二得四。He is only five.(表语)他只有五岁。There are two apples on the table.(定语)桌子上有两个苹果。精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 The first is better than the second.(主语)第一个比第二个好。I prefer the first to the second.(宾语)我喜欢第一个而不喜欢第二个。Im the first in my class.(表语)我是班上第一名。The first time I saw her I knew we would be friends.(定语)我第一次见到她,我就知道我们会成为朋友。(2)一般地,在序数词的前面应该加定冠词 the,但有时为了表达“重,再,又”这样的意义,应该在序数词的前面加不定冠词 a。This is time I saw him.这是我第一次看到他。The second student to get here is Tom.第二个到达这儿的学生是汤姆。Dont lose heart.Try a second time!不要灰心。再试一次!(3)在形容词的最高级前面可以使用序数词,表示“第几最的”意思。The Changjiang River is in our country.长江是我们国家的第一长河。精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 【常考易错点】1、确数和约数(1)当我们说“几百”、“几千”这样一些确数时,“百”、“千”是不能用复数形式的。结构是:数词 hundredthousandmillionbillion 名词复数 如:five hundred 五百;three thousand 三千;two million 两百万;six billion 六十亿。(2)当 hundred,thousand,million 加上 s 后,它们就成了概数,表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”等概念。而且通常接 of,表示“成百的”,“数以千计的”,“成千上万的”,“亿万的”等。结构是:hundreds thousandsmillionsbillions of 名词复数。如:hundreds of new tall buildings 数以百计的新高楼;thousands of students 数以千计的学生;millions of people 数以百万计的人。2、数词和冠词的关系(1)一般情况下,序数词前要加定冠词 the,但基数词前不加冠词。如:He failed in the first try.他第一次尝试失败了。My number is forty nine.我的号码是 49。(2)aan 序数词,表示“又一、再一”。如:The monkey ate a second banana.这只小猴又吃了一根香蕉。(3)of the 基数词,表示“范围”。如:精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 You can choose a toy of the two as a birthday present.你可以在这两个玩具中选一个作为生日礼物。3、“数词 more”与“another 数词”(1)表“另外的”接复数名词,如与具体数词连用,则置于数词之后,但与定冠词 the 连用时,other 要放在数词前。如:Mr.Smith asked me to fetch another three CDs.史密斯先生让我再拿三张 CD。(2)more 一般位于数词之后名词前,有时也可置于名词之后。如:She has got five more pens.她还有五支钢笔。(3)more 除跟数词外,还可与 a little,a few,a lot,several 等词连用,而且名词也可以是不可数名词。如:Id like to buy a few more books.我想再买几本书。There are many more dictionaries on the desk.课桌上有许多词典。Would you like some more tea?再喝点茶好吗?英语中的数词看似简单,实际上运用时有很多需要注意的地方。近几年中考对数词的考查主要集中在基数词和序数词的构成及其用法上。日期、时间和分数也是中考考查的精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 考点。数词考查往往与其它知识点考查结合进行,如主谓一致等。正确解答数词有关问题,需要熟记基本词汇,掌握一定解题策略。1、熟练掌握基础知识 在复习过程中,要系统归纳、数量掌握数词的构词法以及各类数词的基本用法。特别是日期、时刻、年龄、分数的表达形式。这样解题才能得心应手。【例 1】What should we do now,Mr.Clark?Please turn to Page _and look at the _ picture.A.Twelve;fifth B.Twelfth;fifth C.Twelve;five D.Twelfth;five【解析】考查数词,在名词之后用基数词,都大写,是专用名词;在名词之前用序数词,表示第。【答案】A【例 2】Lindus mother looks young,but actually she is in her_.A.sixties B.sixtieth C.sixty years old D.six【解析】考查数词用法“in ones 表示几十的基数词”是固定短语,意为“大约几十岁”,此处表示在六十到七十之间。故选 A。【答案】A【例 3】_ of the coats made of cotton.They feel comfortable.A.Two thirds;is B.Two thirds;are C.Two third;is D.Two third;are【解析】考查分数的表示方法及作主语时的用法。分数表示法为:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于 1,分母加 s,在分子与分母之间可加连字符也可不加连字符,所以 23 表示为 two thirds 或 two thirds;分数在句中作主语时谓语和它修饰或指代的名词保持一致。本题中 two thirds 指代 coats,所以谓语用复数形式 are。故选 B。【答案】B 精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 2、巧用排除法 在考查数词时,有时所给选项非常相似。解题时,首先通过题干摸清出题人的考查意图,然后运用所学基本知识,排除所有不适合的选项。【例】How many people were invited to the meeting?About six_.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of【解析】本题考查基数词的基本用法。表达确数时,hundred,thousand,million 等词不能加 s。首先排除 B、D。但是表示约数时,hundred,thousand,million 等词与 of 连用,必须加 s。这样又可以排除 C。答案自然就是 A。【答案】A 中考真题演练 1、Susan lives on the _floor and we are neighbours.A.four B.fourth C.fourteen D.forty 2、_ of the coats _made of cotton.They feel comfortable.A.Two thirds;is B.Two thirds;are C.Two third;is D.Two third;are 3、Our school is so famous that _ people come and visit it every term.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of 4、The chairperson received about three _applications to join the Bird Watching Club.A.hundred B.hundreds of C.hundred of D.hundreds 精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 5、_volunteers will give out leaflets to ask people to protect the wetlands.A.Two hundreds B.Hundreds of C.Two hundred of D.Hundred of 6、_ people lost their homes in Japans earthquake.A.Two thousands B.Thousand C.Thousands of D.Thousand of 7、How amazing the noodle is!Yes,it is _,and breaks the Guinness World Record as the longest handmade noodle.A.1,704 meter long B.1,704 meters long C.1,704 meter long D.1,704 meters long 中考真题演练 1、_soldiers and doctors went to Yaan to help the people there two months ago.A.Thousands of B.Two thousands C.Thousand of 2、We planted_ trees last year.A.hundreds of B.hundred of C.five hundreds D.five hundred of 3、“Food Safety”gas become one of the hottest topics recently.Yeah,it receives _ Internet hits(点击)a day.A.thousands B.thousand of C.thousands of D.ten thousands 4、How many teachers are there in your school?About four _.A.hundreds of B.hundred C.hundreds 5、Where is Class _?Its on the_ floor.A.Six;third B.Sixth;third C.Six;three D.Sixth;three 6、Excuse me,sir.Heres a package for Lin Tao.Which room does he live in?_.A.308 Room B.Room 308 C.The Room 308 D.The 308 Room 7、How old is your daughter?_.We had a special party for her _ birthday yesterday.精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 A.Nine;nine B.Nine;ninth C.Ninth;ninth 8、The _Olympic Games will be hold in London on July 27,2012.A.thirty B.thirtieth C.thirtyth 9、He wrote his _ novel when he was_.A.five;fifties B.fifth;fifty C.fifth;fiftieth 10、A _ girl named Dong xinyi looked after her disabled father.A.three year old B.three years old C.three years old 11、After the Asian Games,_ people came to Guangzhou for a visit during holidays.A.thousand B.thousands of C.five thousands D.five thousands of 精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 A 组中考模拟基础训练题组 1、I dont believe that this _boy can paint such a nice picture.A.five years old B.five years old C.five year old D.five years old 2、My brother is in_.A.Grade one,Class three B.Class Three,Grade One C.Grade One,Class Three D.Class three,Grade one 3、The boy stays in the library for_ every day.A.one and half hour B.one and a half hour C.one hour and a half hour D.one hour and a half 4、When he was _,Joe went to the United States.A.on his twenties B.in the twenties C.in his twenties D.in his twenty 5、It is only_ walk from my home to the office.A.fifteen minutes B.fifteen minutes C.fifteen minutes D.fifteen minutes 6、_ of the peaches in the basket are soft and sweet.A.Two third B.Second third C.Two thirds D.Second thirds 7、Jenny was born _.A.on July 10;1987 B.in July 10;1987 C.in 1987;July 10 D.on 1987;July 10 8、The bridge is about_ long.A.five hundred metre B.five hundreds of metres C.five hundreds metres D.five hundred metres 9、September is _month of the year.A.nine B.the ninth C.the nineth D.the nine B 组中考模拟提优训练题组 1、_ of volunteers will be needed for 2014 International Horticulture Exposition in Qingdao.精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 Lets go and _them.A.Thousands;join B.Thousand;be a member of C.Three thousand;take part in D.Thousands;be in 2、The government of Tianjin is building _ cheap and good houses for the people.A.thousand B.thousands C.thousand of D.thousands of 3、The earthquake in Yaan left _ people homeless.A.two thousands B.thousands of C.two thousands of D.two thousand of 4、Mothers Day is on the _Sunday in May every year.A.two B.second C.six D.sixth 5、On February 25,2013,Li An,a Chinese director,won the best director again.It is his _ time to win an“Oscar”.A.first B.three C.twice D.second 6、I think _ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam _ easy.A.three fourths;is B.third four;are C.three fourths;are D.three fourth;are 7、_ trees gave been planted near here,so the air is very fresh.A.Two hundreds B.Hundred of C.Hundreds of D.Hundreds 8、Each of us gas to write a _ report every two weeks.A.two hundred word B.two hundreds word C.two hundreds words D.two hundred words 1、On the first day of October 2019,our great country will gave its _birthday.A.seventy B.seventies C.seventieth D.the seventieth 2、We dont give enough nurses to look after the patients.At least _are needed.A.ten another nurses B.more ten nurses C.other ten nurses D.another ten nurses 3、Peter,how old is your father this year?_.And we just had a party for his _ birthday last weekend.A.Fortieth;forty B.Forty;forty C.Forty;fortieth D.Fortieth;fortieth 精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 4、It is reported that _ people in China are suffering from the G7N9 flu.A.several hundreds of B.two hundreds C.hundreds of D.Hundreds 5、Every year _ people in the USA lose their jobs.A.many millions B.millions of C.millions D.two millions 6、My uncle bought me an iPhone for my _ birthday.A.twelve B.twelfth C.the twelve D.the twelfth 7、Hurry up.There isnt much time left.Dont worry.I need _minutes to fin ish the work.A.twelve another B.another twelve C.more twelve D.other twelve 中考常考题型专题四-数词【答案】中考真题演练 1、B 解析考查数词的用法。由句意知,是居住在第几层,因此用序数词,选项中只有 B 是序数词,所以选择 B。2、B 解析本题考查数词的用法。分数的分母要用复数形式,所以排除 CD 两项;句子的主语是复数可数名词,谓语动词应该用复数。故选 B。精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 3、D 解析考查固定搭配。hundreds of 数以百计的。句意:我们学校如此有名以至于每个学期都有数以百计的人来访。hundred 与具体数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且也不后接介词 of。如:More than a hundred people were injured.有一百多人受了伤。当不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要要用复数,而且要后接介词 of,然后才能接名词。如:The sun was shining.Hundreds of people were lying on the beach.阳光灿烂,数以百计的人 躺在海滩上。4、A 解析考查数词的用法。hundred 与具体数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且也不后接介词 of。句意:这位主席收到了大约 300 份申请加入鸟类观察俱乐部的申请书。5、B 解析本题考查数词的用法。表示“几百”时如果有具体数字则 hundred 不能用复数形式,后面也不能跟上 of;而表示不具体的数目时用 hundreds of 来表示;因此选 B。6、C 解析英语中表示具体几百(千,百万)后面不加 s,表示数百(千,百万)用 hundreds of,thousands of,millions of。7、D 解析考查数词的用法。A 答案是形容词,B 答案是错误表达,C 答案中没用复数。中考真题演练 1、A 解析考查数词的用法。thousand 有“具体数字”时不用复数形式;如泛指许多时,则用复数,且常和介词 of 连用,构成短语 thousands of,故选答案 A。2、A 解析考查数词的用法。hundred、thousand、million 等数词与具体数字连用时,用单数形式,后面不加 s;若与 of连用表示约数时,后面必须加 s,且不可与数词连用。hundreds of 意为“成百上千的”,所以选择答案 A。3、C 解析考查数词的用法。thousand 表示确定数目时用单数;表示不确定数目时常与 of 连用,且 thousand 用复数。thousands of 意为“数以千计的”,故选 C。精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 4、B 解析本题考查数词的用法。当 hundred 前有具体数字修饰时,表示确切数字,hundred 应单数;当其前没有具体数字修饰时,表示概数,hundred 后要加 s,且与 of 连用。由空格前的 four 可知应选 B。5、A 解析考查基数词与序数词的辨析。句意:六班在哪?在三楼上。在英语中表示几年级班级时,一般用基数词,放在年级或班级之后,并且都要大些,故第一个空应用基数词,排除 B、D;第二个空是表示顺序的,用序数词表示顺序。故选 A。6、B 解析考查数词的用法。在几号房间用 at Room 房间号。at 一般省略,也不用冠词,所以选择答案 B。7、B 解析考查数词的用法。句意:“你女儿多大?”“九岁,昨天为我们为她的九岁生日开了一个特别的派对”。表示年龄时用基数词,表示第几岁生日时用序数词,故选B。8、B 解析此题考察序数词。根据句意可知此处需要填一序数词。thirtieth 表示“第三十”。故选 B。9、B 解析本题考查的是基数词与序数词的用法。本句意为“当他 50 岁时,他写了他的第五部小说。”描述年龄用基数词,“第五部”用序数词。故选 B。10、A 解析考查固定知识点。a three year old girl 意为“一个三岁的女孩”“three year old”为 adj.意为“三岁的”。11、B 解析本题考查数词 thousand 的用法。当 thousand与具体的数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且其后也不接 of;当 thousand 不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要用复数,而且要后接 of,然后才能接名词。故选 B。知识方法归纳 Three fifths twice the first the first longest river 精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 A 组中考模拟基础训练题组 1、C 解析本题考查 five year old 作前置定语的用法。five year old 这类复合词可以用作形容词,意为“五岁的”,并且其中表示计量的名词(如 year,month 等)总是用单数形式。这类结构通常用作前置定语不用作表语(作表语时可改用 seven years old 这样的形式)。排除 B 项,又因为 five years old在句中做表语,也排除。修饰 boy 只能用 five year old。故选 C。2、B 解析考查固定搭配。表达年级、班级时,班级在前,年级在后,首字母都要大写。3、D 解析考查数词的用法。“一个半小时”可以用 one hour and a half 或 one and a half hours 表达。4、C 解析考查固定表达。“在某人几十多岁时”用“in ones 整数基数词的复数形式”这一固定用法表达。5、A 解析考查数词的用法。“十五分钟的路”可用 fifteen minutes walk 或 fifteen minute walk 两种形式表达。6、C 解析考查分数表达。表达分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于 1 时,分母要加 s。7、A 解析考查日期中数词的表达。表示具体的某一天的名词前用介词 on;英语中表示“年、月、日”通常按日、月、年或月、日、年的顺序排列。8、D 解析考查数词 hundred 的用法。“500 米”表示确切数目,hundred 用单数,后面不用 of;metre“米”用复数形式。9、B 解析考查序数词的用法。表示顺序应该用序数词;序数词前面用定冠词,“第九”的拼写为 ninth。B 组中考模拟提优训练题组 精品文档 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除 1、A 解析考查数词和动词的用法。Thousands of 表示“数千的、成千上万的”,thousand 前面加具体数字不可加 s和 of,故排除 B,C,join 加入,和 go 是并列关系,be in take part in 指参加某种活动,所以选择答案 A。2、D 解析考查数词的用法。因为 thousand 的用法有:表示具体的数