英语中句子的种类精选文档.pdf
英语中句子的种类精选文档 TTMS system office room【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-（三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句；从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。按使用目的分：一、陈述句 That boy always helps others.Tom was not at home yesterday.He is too late to catch the bus.二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句）Are you a doctor?How often do you have an English party?Which would you like better,tea or coffee?She is too young to go to school,is she?三、感叹句（一）What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！=（二）How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！What a beautiful girl she is!=How beautiful a girl she is!(三)What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！What beautiful girls they are!(四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！What fine weather it is!(五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！How interesting the dog is!(六)How+主语+谓语！How time flies!四、祈使句（祈使句主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原型。）Be quiet!Dont be late!从结构上分：一、简单句（句子只包含一个主谓结构。）如，五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：主系表 基本句型二：主谓 基本句型三：主谓宾 基本句型四：主谓间宾直宾 基本句型五 主谓宾宾补.二、并列句（句子包含两个或多个主谓结构，通常有并列连词连结。）由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。根据并列分句之间的关系不同，并列句可以分为以下几种：1.表示联合关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词 and（和），not only.but also.（不但而且）等来连接，这时分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系。and一般不译出来。1.We bought her a birthday present,_ she liked it very much.A.so B.or C.and D.but 2.Didnt you give roses to your father on Fathers Day?Oh,not only my father,_ my grandpa got red roses.A.or B.and C.but D.until 2表示转折关系的并列句 这类并列句常用 but（但是；可是），yet（可是；然而），while（而）等来连接，后面分句与前面分句之间有意义上的转折关系。1.Would you like to go to the concert with me Id love to,_ I cant.I have a lot of homework to do.A.or B.but C.so D.and 2.The doctors tried their best to save the patients life,_ failed A.or B.so C.but D.because 3.表示选择关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词 or（或者），either or （要么，要么）等连接。1._ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.A.Not only;but also B.Neither;nor C.Both;and D.Either;or 2.None of the shoes in the shops are the right size.They are _ too big _ too small.A.both;and B.neither;nor C.either;or D.not only;but also 3.“Are you going to eat here _ take it away?”asked the waiter.A.and B.so C.or D.but。4.表示因果关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词 so（因此；所以），for（因为）等连接，后面分句与前面分句之间有因果关系。1.Mother was ill,_ Father cooked for us instead.A.but B.or C.so D.and 2.There is a lot of traffic in this city,_ look both ways before crossing the street A.so B.and C.but D.for 特殊的并列句 1.祈使句+and+一般将来时的句子 这个句型表示“如果做到了祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果”。2.例如：Study hard,_ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.A.or B.and C.for D.but 3.2.祈使句+or+一般将来时的句子 这个句型表示“如果做不到祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果”4.例如：1.Be quick,_ well be late for class.A.or B.so C.and D.but 2.Come a little earlier next time,_ youll miss the best part of the TV play.A.and B.but C.or D.till 三、复合句 复合句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause）和一个或一个以上的从句（Subordinate Clause）构成。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词 引导。我们至今学过的从句有：定语从句，名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句），和状语从句。1.定语从句 He is the man who wants to see you.2.同位语从句 She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.注意：定语和同位语从句的区别。3.表语从句 This is what we should do 4.宾语从句（注意 it 做形式宾语）Everybody knows that money doesnt grow on trees We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.(it做形式宾语）5.主语从句（注意 it 做形式主语）What caused the accident remains unknown It is certain that he will win the match（it 做形式主语）6.状语从句 MyfriendsdislikemebecauseImhandsomeandsuccessful.
