2022年职称英语-综合-C类每日一练06-05-职称英语-综合-C类.docx

2022年职称英语-综合-C类每日一练06-05-职称英语-综合-C类1、In the United States educational system,intermediate school is the transitional phase between the primary grades and high school.A. stageB. notionC. patternD. alternativePlants and Mankind    Botany（植物学）, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We dont know what our Stone Age 1 ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient 2. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes 3, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon 4 recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge 5” at all.    Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid 6. When our Neolithic 7 ancestors, living in the Middle Eastabout 10,000years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away 8. 词汇：botany /"butni/ n植物学detailed /"di:teild/ adj详细的，详尽的property /"prpti/ n特征；财产，资产logical /"ldikl/ adj逻辑的，合乎逻辑的pyramid /"pirmid/ n金字塔welfare /"welfe/ n福利，幸福，康乐yield /ji: ld/ n产量，收益marvel /"ma:vl/ n令人惊奇的事（人），奇迹variety /v"raiti/ n品种，变种；变化，多样化accumulate / "kju: mjuleit/ vt积累，积聚intimacy / "intimsi/ n亲近，亲密 注释：1.    Stone Age：石器时代2.    a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.对植物及其特点的详细了解一定非常久远。3.    dye：染料4.    the Amazon：亚马孙河5.    Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge,然而每个人都会在无意识中获得大量的植物知识，come on:（偶然）遇见；（偶然）发现。又如：I came on this idea by pure chance我有这个想法纯属偶然。6.    orchid：兰花7.    Neolithic：新石器时代的8.    From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.：从那时起，人类就越来越多地从可控制的IL种植物的种植中获取生计，而不是从野生的众多种类中东采一点，西摘一点。在数万年的经验中积累起来的知识以及与大自然中各种植物的紧密联系也就开始消失。take their living from：靠过活2、Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedUS Signs Global Tobacco Treaty    1 The United Stateshas taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world1. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. The Senate must still approve the treaty before theUScan implement its provisions.    2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last year. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies2.    3 For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack3. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs. It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like theUnited States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban.   4 The impact of the treaty could be huge. The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In theUSalone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in theUSare caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year.    5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect. So far，109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it. 词汇：ratify "rætfa vt 批准;认可enact "nækt vt.使(法案等）成为法律；通过(法案等）；颁布(法令等）cessation sesen n.停止，休止advertising ædvtaz n.做广告,登广告prohibit pr"hbt v.禁止;不准outright "atrat adj.完全的,彻底的 注释：1. The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world.美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步。该协议有望在世界范围内控制使用烟草所产生的致命性影响。2. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.批准该协议的国家将被要求制定严格的烟草控制政策。3. For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack.例如，在那些国家出售的香烟将必须在每包烟正反面至少30%的地方注明吸烟有害健康的警告。A    have ratified it B    approving itC    implement its provisionsD    restrict smoking in public placesE     caused by tobacco useF     including higher tobacco taxes3、Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward_.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FEnglish and English Community    1 There is no denying that1 English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity2 to be used by all speakers inEngland. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.    2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.    3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience3, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.    4 English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.4 English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.    5 Learning a second language extends one"s vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture;5 a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage. 词汇：originally /"ridinli/ adv就起源而论；起初boundary /"baundri/ n边界；界限fictional /"fiknl/ adj小说的，虚构的uniformity /,ju: ni"f:miti/ n统一性alternative /l"t: ntiv / adj选择的，替代的heritage / "heritid/ n遗产；继承物 注释：1. There is no denying that：毫无疑问2. uniformity：一致性。uniformity是uniform的名词形式。全句译为：最终，这种语言具有足够的统一性，致使所有在英格兰居住的人都能使用。3. for convenience：意为“为了方便起见”4. English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language对世界上许多在国际交往中把英语作为第二语言的国家来说，英语是在公共活动的几个领域中可供选用的语言之一。5.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture第二语言记载的历史和文学记述了一个民族真实和虚构的生活和文化。句中history和real lives相对应，literature和fictional lives相对应。A that of a speech community B can a speech community be formedC in order to learn English betterD for the sake of simplicityE has played an important role in the field of educationF is widely used in several areas of public activity4、Only through the shared language_.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FThe Paper Chase    1. “Running a house1 is a lot like running a business,” says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in2 Cincinnati,Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on3 organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips：    2. Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you cant devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room4.    3. When in doubt, throw it out. The first step for implementing a workable filing system is to eliminate paper you dont use, dont need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings youll never have an opportunity to use or even read.    4. Set aside two days a month to pay bills. If a monthly due date doesnt fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep two manila folders5 at the front of your system for current bills one to correspond with each bill-paying day and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case6 the invoice never arrives or gets misplaced.    5. Think of your filing system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible. Everyones needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filing system, ask yourself：“Where would I look for this?” Create main headings for your filing system, such as Investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files. 词汇：paperwork /"pepwk/ n.文书工作overstuff /,v"stf/ vt.把塞得过满statement /"stetm()nt/ n.账目duplicate /"djuplkt/ adj.复制的correspond /kr"spnd/ vt.与一致、和谐或相配mailing /"mel/ n.邮件incoming /"nkm/ adj.将要或正要进来的creditor /"kredt/ n.债权人misplace /ms"ples/ vt.把放错地方invoice /"nvs/ n.发票heading /"hed/ n.标题rigid /"rdd/ adj.呆板的,僵硬的 注释：1. running a house:打理一所房子。“run”在这里是“管理”的意思。又如:Hes been running a restaurant since he left school.2. base. in.:在为设立基础、提供基础。又如:They based the new company in Portland.3. get a grip on:抓住,控制,掌握。又如:getting a grip on the new technique.4. family room:家庭游艺室,指用于家庭成员娱乐的房间5. manila folders:马尼拉折叠夹6. in case :万一。又如：Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.A  Find a Place to Work on B  Implementing a Workable Filing SystemC  What Is a Good Filing SystemD  How to Invest in a Rolling File CartE  Get Rid of Unimportant ThingsF  Dealing with Bills5、Paragraph 5 _  A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FOrbital Space Plane     While scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster， NASA is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would1 replace shuttles on space station missions by 2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.     The space agency released the first set of mission needs and requirements several days ago for the orbital space plane， which would be designed to transport a crew of four to and from the International Space Station.    Although it includes few specifics2， the plan stipulates the orbiter will be safer， cheaper and require less preparation time than the shuttle. It would be able to transport four crew members by 2012 though it would be available for rescue missions by 2010. NASA says the craft should be able to transport injured or ill space station crew members to “definitive medical care3” within 24 hours.    The release of the requirements showed NASA remains focused on the long-term priorities of space exploration， even as questions linger concerning the loss of Columbia and its seven-member crew on February 1，20034.    Experts at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville， Alabama， have been working for years on a successor to the shuttle. The project， known as the Space Launch Initiative， was divided last year into two parts one focusing on a future launch vehicle， the other on a space station orbiter. The orbiter is expected to be ready sooner.    The programs managers say NASA officials have told them not to alter Space Launch Initiative in light of the Columbiadisaster.    U.S. President George W. Bush asked Congress for about US$1 billion for Space Launch Initiative in 2004， funds that would be almost equally split between the Orbital Space Plane and Next Generation Launch Technology. 词汇shuttle"tl n.（织机的）穿梭机; initiative"ntv n.创始，倡议;orbiter:bt(r) n.轨道航天飞机in light of 鉴于，由于linger "l(r)v.继续存留 注释：1would:这是虚拟语气的用法，表示未来可能发生的事。下面第三段出现的两个would也属这种用法。2few specifics:（谈到）很少细节。specific意为“详情，细节”时，一定要用复数形式的specifics o3"definitive medical care”：“最权威的医疗机构”4concerning the loss of Columbia and its seven-member crew on February l,2003:作定语，修饰linger前面的questions。6、From the passage we know that the design of the orbiter indicates_.A. NASA"s determination to continue its space exploration projectsB. the USspace technology superioritiesC. a victory in space explorationD. the birth of an absolutely safe space craftSmuggling    It is not unusual for a pet 1 to be sent by air cargo 2  from ColumbiatoNew York, but