2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题10NO字部.pdf
1 专题十N、。字部 1.national 了既adj.国家的,全国性的,民族的;国内的,本国的;国有的,国立的 关联词组:National Day 国庆节;national standard 国家标准;national culture 民族文化;national team 国家队 dnational表示“国家的,全国性的”,与 local(当地的,地方性的)相对。例如:Between 1929 and 1933 America s national income fell by more than half.1929 至 1933 年间,美 国的国民收入下降过半。(2national表示国内的,本国的,与 international 相对。例如:national and international news 国内和国际新闻 C3 national 表示国有的,国立的:a national museum 国家博物馆 词性转换:nation n.国家;民族;nationally adv.全国性;nationality n.国籍 关联单词:international adj.国际的 最彳;而(2019,江西卷,阅读 B)I come from Kitengela,a farming community on the edge(边缘)of Nairobi National Park of Kenya(肯尼亚).2.natural 邸笠adj.自然的,天然的 关联词组:natural gas 天然气;natural environment 自 然环境;natural resource 自 然资源;natural world 自然界;natural science 自然科学 用法:dnatural表示自然的,天然的,与 man-made(人造的)相对,例如:the need for natural light in offices 办公室里需要自然光的照射 natural表示大生的,本能的,与生俱来的”,形容行为或能力:Babies have a natural fear of falling.婴儿本能地害怕跌倒。词性转换:naturally adv.自然地,天然地;nature n.自然;性质,种类:in nature 本质上;by nature 大生地;生性;mother nature 大自然;human nature 人性 反义词:unnatural adj.不自然的(2019,江苏卷,词汇检测)43.Amy and Annie will go on a natural history walk next(星期日)3.near|力血Ejladj.近的,不远的;adv.在附近,不久以后;prep.在.附近,靠近 用法:dnear作形容词,表示“(距离或时间)近的,不远的,不久的”。例如:Wheres the nearest bank?最近的银行在哪儿?in the near future 在不久的未来;短期内 near作副词,表示“(距离或时间)不远,在附近,不久以后”。例如:She took a step nearer.她走近一步。The exams are drawing near.考试越来越近了。2 C3near作介词,有时可和to连用,表示在.附近;临近。例如:Do you live near here?你住在这附近吗?近义词:close,next to 关联单词:nearly=almost adv.几乎,差不多:Ive worked here for nearly two years.我已经在这里工作了 将近两年。(2019,浙江卷,阅读 B)Remember:whenever you are on a trampoline,be careful not to jump the edge of it.(2019,山东卷,阅读表达)In France,women now receive nearly$1,000 a month for a year if they have a third child.4.necessary EQadj.必需的,必要的 关联词组:if necessary 如果必要的话;when necessary 在必要时 用法:常用搭配有it is necessary(for sb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事很有必要。例如:It is necessary for us to meet.我们有必要见面。词性转换:necessarily adv.必要地,必定地;necessity n.需要;必然性;必需品 近义词:important adj.重要的 王*血(2019,山东卷,阅读 C)A gift is necessary when one is invited to visit friends in China.5.need|E;宅西n.需要,需求;v.需要;必须 关联词组:there s no need(for sb.)to do st h.(某人)不必做某事;be in need of sth.need作名词:There s a growing need for new housing in many areas.We fully realized the need to improve communications.如果使用复数needs,则表示“生活必需品”:She works to provide for her family s basic needs.need作动词:C1充当实意动词,否定形式 don t need,疑问形式 do you need;可用于need sth.或need(sb.)to do sth.等结构:I don t need him to help me.我不需要他帮助我。充当情态动词,否定形式为 needn t=need not,疑问形式为 need you;后接动词原形:Need I pay the whole amount now?我必须现在全部付清吗?王*旬(2019,浙江卷,阅读 B)If you would like to start trampolining,you may first need to ask a doctor to make sure its a safe activity for you.6.neither|益;9务Eladj.&pron两者都不(的);adv.也不 用法:d neither可充当形容词或代词表限定,作动词:Neither answer is correct.两个答案都不对。Neither of them has/have a car.他们两个都没有汽车。(2 neither作副词,表示也不:He didnt remember and neither did I.他没记住,我也忘了。near 霍.一般使用单数,表示“需要,需求”,常和 for或to do搭配。例如:许多地区对新住房的需求不断增长。我们充分意识到需要改善沟通交流。3 3neither nor结构充当连词,表示既不.也不.:Neither he nor his wife enjoyed the vacation.这次度假他和他的妻子都玩得不开心。(2019,山东卷,单项填空)28.A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates.So it helps with students health,improves their social skills.A.either;or B.neither;nor C.not only;but also 7.nervous 世SJ adj.紧张不安的,担忧的;神经系统的 S?驰 关联词组:nervous system 神经系统;feel/get nervous 感到/变得紧张 用法:nervous是形容词,可作表语或定语,可与介词 of或about搭配:She is always very nervous about the future.她总是对未来非常忧虑。We were all a bit nervous of him at first.起初我们都有点怕他。词性转换:nervously adv.神经质地;焦急地;nerve n.神经,勇气;nervousness n.紧张不安 王盈牡日I(2019,浙江卷,阅读 B)19.The writer says that buying things.A.can make people worried B.can make people nervous C.may lead to sadness for long D.may lead to happiness for a short time 8.noise n.声音;噪声;喧闹声 关联词组:traffic noise 交通噪声;noise control 噪声控制;low noise 低噪声;make a noise 吵闹,喧哗 用法:noise既是可数名词,也是不可数名词。如专指“噪音”,视为不可数;如指某种间断的声响,可作 可数名词。例如:They were making too much noise.他们的噪声太大了。There was a strange noise in his ears.他听至 V奇怪的杂音。noise和sound的区别:noise通常特指大声、令人不悦的噪音,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词;sound为可数名词,仅指听 到的声音或响声。例如:What a terrible noise!多么令人讨厌的噪音啊!All she could hear was the sound of the waves.她听得到的只有海浪声。词性转换:noisy adj.嘈杂的,喧闹的 需*而(2019,山东卷,阅读 A)Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss(听力丧失),because of listening to loud noise for long periods of time.9.none 4 -pron.无任何东西或人,没有一点,全无 用法:通常和of搭配使用:I wish I could offer you some cake but there s none left.我真想能请你吃些蛋糕,但一点也没剩 I None of my friends call me any more.再也没有朋友给我打电话了。注意none和neither的区别:none用于指三个或三个以上的人或物;指两个人或物,用 neither。例如:None of my friends came.我的朋友一个都没来。Neither of my parents wanted me to marry him.我的父母都不想让我嫁给他。注意none和no one的区别:dnone既可指人也可指物,常暗示一定范围,因此通常与表范围的 of短语连用;而no one(=nobody)只能 指人,不能与of短语连用。如:None of that money on the table is mine.桌上没有一分钱是我的。No one(=Nobody)knows about it.没有人了 解此事。(2none与数量有关,可回答 how many问句,表示一个也没有;而 no one表示什么人也没有,可 回答who的问句。如:How many people are there in that room?None.那个房间里有几个人?一个人也没有。Who was late today?No one.今天谁退到了?谁也没有退到。关联单词:no adj.没有,无,不;adv.不,不是;nobody pron.没有人,谁也不;nothing pron.没 有东西,没有什么;nor conj.也不 玉*而(2019,湖北卷,选择填空)37.Who runs ass?Tom does.Noneof us can catch him in the race.A.faster B.slower C.fastest D.slowest 10.normal|1511 adj.正常的;n.正常的状态,常态 关联词组:normal condition 正常状态;normal temperature 标准温度;return/be back to normal 恢复 正常 形容词用法:可用于 it is normal(for sb)to do sth.结构:It,s normal to feel nervous before an exam.考试之前觉得紧张是正常的。反义词:abnormal adj.不正常的,反常的 王*旬(2019,广东卷,完形)But Anna didn t have hers,and she looked _51_ 51.A.worried B.normal C.proud D.relaxed 11.north|猝 W n.北,北方,北部;adj.北的,朝北的,从北来的;adv.向北,朝北 dnorth作名词,指北,北方”或北部(地区)”,一般在前面加 the,通常和方位介词搭配。如:名词用法:常见搭配有 above/below normal Car sales are still below normal this year.词性转换:normally adv.正常地;通常地,、higher/larger/less than normal 等。例如:今年的汽车销量仍然低于正常水平。一般地 5 cold winds coming from the north 从匕方袭来的寒风 Cheshunt is a few miles to the north of London.切森特位于伦敦以北几英里。north本身可作形容词,表示“北方的,北部的;向北的”:North London 伦敦北区;the north bank of the river 这条河的北岸 C3 north 还可作副词,表示向北,朝北:The birds fly north in summer.形容词north和northern 的区别:north具有较强的政治意义或社会意义,是对地球表面或一洲、一国、一地区内部较明确的划分,往往构成 专有名词;northern往往是单纯从地理方位讲,常表示方向和位置,无政治意义或社会意义,表述的是一 个相对而又比较模糊的概念,是一种不明确的划分。试比较:North China 华北 the Northern areas of China 中国北部地区 关联单词:east东;east西;south 南(2019,湖北卷,阅读 C)The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces.12.note I E;花v.记下,记录;注意,留意;n.边条;笔记;注释;钞票,纸币;音符,音调 名词词组:take/make notes 记笔记;make a note of 把.记下来;thank-you note 感谢信 动词用法:C1表示记录,常用于 note sth.down 短语:Note down the main points you want to include in your article.(2表示“注意,留意”,可接宾语或宾语从句:Please note that the money must be paid within ten days.关联单词:notebook n.笔记本 玉*而(2019,北京卷,阅读 B)A week later,Sally brought her 13.notice|工R/n.注意;公告,通告;v.注意;注意到 名词用法:C1 notice表示注意,理会,察觉”,是不可数名词,常用于 Take no notice of what he says.别理会他说的话。notice表示通知,布告,是可数名词,比如 written notice 书面通知 C3 notice表示预告,警告,是不可数名词,常用搭配有 without notice 没有事先通知;further notice 另行通知;at short notice 临时通知 动词用法:可作不及物动词,也可作及物动词,后接宾语或 that/wh-从句:Did you notice how Rachel kept looking at her watch?你有没有注意到雷切尔在不停地看她的手表?词性转换:notify v.通知,通告;noticeable adj.显而易见的,显著的;noticeably adv.明显地,显著地 易混单词:note v.注意:二者作动词,均有注意这层含义,但note常用于比较正式的语境,或与please 搭配使用。例如:Please note(that)the office will be closed on Monday.请注意办事处星期一将关闭。夏季鸟儿向北飞。记下你文章中想要包含的要点。请注意这笔钱必须在十天以内付清。notes and drawings to Dad.take no notice of 短语,表示不理会:6 正由I(2019,北京卷,单项填空)12.Did you notice ffice?Yes.She was going over our writing.A.what was Miss Lin doing B.what Miss Lin was doing C.what does Miss Lin do D.what Miss Lin does 14.object EX7 n.物体;目标,宗旨;宾语 object作名词,可表示:“物品,物体,东西”;“目标,宗旨”;“(语法)宾语”。例如:a small metal object 一个小金属物件 My object was to explain the decision simply.我的目的是要简单明了地解释这一决定。direct/indirect object 直接/间接宾语 词性转换:objective adj.客观的;目标的;宾语的;objectiveness n.客观性;objectively adv.观地 近义词:thing n.东西;事情;goal n.目标;得分 YET(2019,浙江卷,阅读 C)Many objects in the universe are invisible,but they send radio waves.15.offer IZEQn.&v.提供;提议 动词用法:表示提出,自愿给或提供,给予,常用搭配有 offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.某物给某人;offer to do sth.They decided to offer the job to Annie.The kids offered to do the dishes.名词用法:表示“主动提议,建议”:(主动)提出/提议做某事。例如:他们决定把这份工作给安妮。孩子们主动要求洗盘子。to accept/refuse an offer 接受/拒绝好意 p(2019,安徽卷,单项填空)14.Our business won t improve we offer better service to our customers.A.because B.unless C.after D.since 16.office|猝90 n.办公室 关联词组:office building 办公大楼;main/head office 总公司,总部;office hour 办公时间;office staff 办公室职员 熟词僻义:office 除指办公室,还可指办事处”或一些政府部门/机构,如:a ticket office 售票 处;box office(电影)票房;post office 邮局 关联单词:officer n.官员;警(军)官;公务员:(2019,江苏卷,阅读 B)I understand you had 17.one,num.(个,只.);pron.一个 police officer 警官,警员 a party last night,said Logan,a police officer 7 关联词组:one another 彼仕匕,互相;one by one个接个;one or two 二个,几个;one after another 相继地,一个接一个地;one day(过去)某一天;(将来)总有一天 代词用法:done/ones用来避免重复或指代听着已知的事物,但不可指代不可数名词。例如:Have you got a camera?-No.-You should buy one (=buy a camera).你有照相机吗?“没有。”“你应该买一架。”(2用one of表示(指一组或一对人或物中的)一个;.之一:This is one of my favourite books.这是我最喜欢的书之一。关联单词:oneself pron.自己,自身(2019年,浙江卷,单项填空)4.Sam finds sweeping robots useful,and he plans to buy for his grandma.A.it B.one C.this D.that 18.operation|,n.手术;操作 C1表示手术,为可数名词:Will I need to have an operation?我需要动手术吗?表示“(机器,系统)操作,运行”,为不可数名词:Operation of the device is extremely simple.这个装置的操作非常简单。词性转换:operate v.运转;操作;动手术;operator n.操作员;operational adj.操作的(2019 年,浙江卷,阅读 CC The charity provides free operations,which give these children a new smile,and with it,new hope and a new beginning.19.order|如v.订货,订购;点菜;n.顺序;调理 关联词组:put sth.in order 整理;把.安排好;out of order 不整洁,安排不当 动词用法:C1表示点(食物或饮料)”,既是及物动词,也是不及物动词。例如:Are you ready to order?你准备好点菜了吗?Annie ordered another glass of wine.安妮又点了 杯葡萄酒。(2表示订购,订货”:I ve ordered a new computer from that company.我向那家公司订购了一台 新的电脑。名词用法:C1表示顺序,次序,常用搭配有 in the right/wrong order 顺序正确/不对;in o rder of按.顺 序。例如:Students learn the verbs in order of difficulty.学生按难易程度的顺序学习动词。(2固定短语in order to do sth.意思是为了做某事,表示目的。例如:She arrived early in order to get a good seat.她早早至V场,好找个好位置。词性转换:orderly adj.&adv.有秩序的,整齐的;顺序地,依次地 反义词:disorder n.无序;混乱(2019年,重庆卷,阅读 C)30.The passage is written in the order of.8 A.space B.time C.feelings D.subjects 20.own adj.&pron.自 己的;v.关联词组:(all)on one s own 拥有,所有 单独地;无援地,独立地;用 法:C1作形容词或代词,表示“自己的”,仅用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后,常用于of one s own结构中。例如:如 myown,John s own;I d like to have a house of my own(=my own house).我想有一所属于自己的房子。作动词,表示“(合法地)拥有”:Many more people now own their own homes.own和have的区另U:二者都可表示拥有,They have a flat to live in,but they don 词性转换:owner n.物主,所有者 现在更多的人拥有了自己的住房。own强调拥有权(法律上);have侧重使用权。例如:t own it.他们有一套公寓可供居住,但不是业主。正阳二由(2019年,浙江卷,完形)I developed my own 23 and never again followed the crowd.23.A.skills B.habits C.projects D.opinions