First,aid-first aid课文翻译.docx

First,aid:first aid课文翻译教学目标Teaching aims通过本单元的教学，学生了解有关急救的常识，在生活中如何处理一些突发事务，然后实施紧急救援等总结，归纳情态动词的用法，如：should/shouldnt; must/mustnt ;ought to等表示义务和责任的用法。Teaching important and difficult points1.Wordsknee, still, bite (bit, bitten/bit), lay (laid, laid), mouth-to-mouth, bum, cut, electric, container pool, breathe, within, handkerchief, wound, safety, wire, guard, sideway, firm, firmly wherever, stomach, injure, injured, injury, poison, quantity, nearby 2.Phrases first aid, ought to, medical care, by mistake, pay attention to, in a short while, deal with, take it easy, running water, out of ones reach, throw up, hold up3. Useful expressionsWe must carry her to the side of the road.You mustnt move someone if they are badly hurt.Parents should know some first aid.You shouldnt get up if you are badly hurt.I ought to go home.I have to cook supper for my grandmother.4. GrammarRevise Modal Verbs : must, shouldStudy Modal Verb: ought to教学建议课文建议老师支配学生大声朗读课文，理解课文含义，通过阅读，老师对学生可小组探讨，提问，口语练习，复述急救方法等，老师给学生展示几组图片，帮助学生学会一般的急救措施和家庭平安常识。写作建议老师布置学生写作的题目及要求，老师给学生几分钟时间进行探讨，老师给学生一些关键的词语，如：breathe, First Aid Centre, handkerchief, mouth-to mouth so on.之后，老师给学生非常钟左右时间起先写，最终老师请几位同学朗读，老师赐予讲评。教材分析本单元是围绕First aid, Safety in the home,绽开话题。对话课中描述两个学生在街上看到一个女孩从自行车上摔下来的经过，同时对话中运用了情态动词的用法，课文中附有图片和口语练习，帮助学生了解急救的重要性及有关的常识。重点难点：1. What should you do if a person has drunk poison by mistake? 假如有人误喝了毒药，你怎么办？by mistake是固定词组，意为“错误地”，“无心地（做错了事）”。例如：She put salt in her cup of coffee by mistake她错将盐放入咖啡里了。2. do with，deal with二者都可以用来表示“处理”的意思但是用于特别疑问句的时候do with与what连用；deal with则与how连用。例如： 你会怎样处理一个从自行车上摔倒而严峻受伤的？另外，do with还可表达别的意思。例如：What did you do with my umbrella? (=Where did you put my umbrella?)你把我的伞放到哪里去了？What are we to do with this naughty boy? (=How are we to deal with this naughty boy?) 我们该怎样处置这个顽皮的男孩？3. knock at, knock down knock into的区分knock at 指“敲打门窗”I heard someone knocking at the door.我听见有人敲门。Tom tried knocking at the window.汤姆试着敲了敲窗户。knock down 指“撞倒”He nearly knocked me down at the corner.在拐角处，他几乎把我撞倒。He was knocked down by a car. 他被汽车撞倒了。knock into 指“碰倒，撞上某人”，也可指“偶然碰见”。The child knocked into the teacher.那孩子撞到了老师身上。He knocked into the chair in the dark.黑暗中他撞在了椅子上。He didn"t expect to knock into some of his friends here.他没有想到在这儿遇见一些挚友。4. ask, demand, inquire, question require1)ask是一个常用词，表示“问”的意思。Did you ask the price of that tenspeed bicycle?你打听过那辆十速自行车的价钱了吗？2)demand含有强硬、断然的意味。I demand that you leave this place at once.我要求你马上离开此地。3)inquire 多用于较正式的语体，通常只表示打听消息，寻求答案。He inquired of the girl the way to the railway station.他问那女孩到火车站怎么走。4)question 常表示一连串问题，有时则有盘问，审问之意。The questioning of the prisoner went on for hours.对那个囚犯的审讯持续了好几个小时。5)require有根据权利来“要求”或“吩咐”之意。Since he was involved in the case, the court required his appearance.由于他与此案有关，法庭令他出庭。5.breathe breath1)breathe 是动词，是“呼吸”的意思。He was breathing hard/heavily after racing for the train.他跑着赶上了火车，吃力地喘着气。It is good to breathe fresh country air instead of city smoke.呼吸乡间新闻空气而不吸入城市烟尘是有益的。留意以下几个习语的意思：1）I can"t concentrate with you breathing down my neck.你这样紧紧叮着我，使我精神无法集中。2）Promise me you won"t breathe a word of this to anyone.答应我别将此事泄漏给任何人。3）The new manager has breathed fresh life into the company.新经理给公司带来了朝气。2)breath是名词，也作“呼吸”解。1）You can see people"s breath on a cold day.冷天能看到人们呼出的空气。2）His breath smelt of garlic.他呼出气中有蒜味。留意以下习语的意思：Her smile is a breath of fresh air in this gloomy office.她的微笑给沉闷的办公室带来生气。Religion is the breath of life for her.宗教对她来说是不行缺少的精神支柱。It took us a few minutes to get our breath back after the race.赛跑后我们用了好几分钟才复原了正常呼吸。The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope.杂技演员走钢丝时，观众们都屏住了呼吸。His heart condition makes him short(out) of breath.他心脏状况不佳使他呼吸急。He lost his breath in running.由于奔跑他几乎喘不上气。语法：情态动词（Modal Verbs）1） mustA.表示必需要干的事。如：We must obey the rules我们必需遵守规则。You mustnt talk like that你可不能那样说话。must也可以表达过去状况，主要用于间接引语中。She said that we must wait a little while她说我们必需要等一会儿。B表示一种推想（只用于确定句中，语气比may要确定得多）。must have则表示对过去状况的推想。例如：This must be Toms room. 这准是Tom的房间。Jack must have gone there, hasnt he? / didnt he?杰克准是去过那儿了，对不对？C比较：have to也表示“必需”，但have to更强调客观须要，must着重说明主观看法。如：We had to be there at 10 oclock我们得在10点到那儿。（客观须要）We must be back before 10 oclock我们必需10点前回来。（主观认为）有时也可互换：We must / have to leave now我们得走了。must和have to的否定式即mustnt和dont have to意思完全不同。Mustnt表示“不作某事”，有禁止的含义；dont have to表示“不必要（作某事）”，含有“客观上无此必要”的意思。例如：You mustnt move someone if the person is badly hurt假如这人受了重伤，你肯定不要动他The person isnt hurt at all. You dont have to give him first aid这个人根本就没有受伤，你不必给他进行急救。2）need need作及物动词，和不定式连用：need to do sth. 须要干某事need也可做情态动词，主要用于否定句，即：neednt + v.不必干某事 例如：You need to tell him the reason你须要告知他缘由。You neednt te123下一页